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• Cover
• Series Page
• Title Page
• Copyright Page
• List of Figures
• List of Tables
• Acknowledgments
• About the Companion Website
• 1 Introduction
• The Nature of Language
• Knowledge of Language
• Variation
• Language Users and Their Groups: Identities
• Language and Culture
• The Interdisciplinary Legacy of Sociolinguistics
• Overview of the Book
• Chapter Summary
• Further Reading
• References
• Part I: Languages, Communities, and Contexts
• 2 Languages, Dialects, and Varieties
• What is a Language?
• Language or Dialect?
• Standardization
• Regional Dialects
• Social Dialects
• Styles and Indexes: The Social Meanings of Linguistic Forms
• Chapter Summary
• Further Reading
• References
• 3 Defining Groups
• Speech Communities
• Communities of Practice
• Social Networks
• Social Identities
• Beliefs about Language and Social Groups
• Chapter Summary
• Further Reading
• References
• 4 Language in Context: Pragmatics
• Speech Acts
• Implicature
• Politeness
• Pronouns
• Naming and Titles
• Chapter Summary
• Further Reading
• References
• Part II: Theory and Methods
• 5 Language Variation and Change
• Variables and Correlations
• Data Collection and Analysis
• Doing Quantitative Research: What Do the Numbers Really Mean?
• Regional Variation
• Social Variation
• The First Wave of Variation Studies
• Language Variation and Change
• The Second Wave of Variation Studies
• The Third Wave of Variation Studies
• Chapter Summary
• Further Reading
• References
• 6 Ethnographic Approaches in Sociolinguistics
• Ethnography: Participant Observation
• The Ethnography of Communication
• Ethnomethodology
• Critical Ethnography
• (Socio)linguistic Ethnography
• Digital Ethnographies: Research in Online Communities
• Ethnography in Combination with Other Sociolinguistic Methods
• Chapter Summary
• Further Reading
• References
• 7 Discourse Analysis
• Conversation Analysis
• Interactional Sociolinguistics
• Critical Discourse Analysis
• Corpus Linguistics
• Chapter Summary
• Further Reading
• References
• Part III: Multilingual Matters
• 8 Languages in Contact: Multilingual Societies and Multilingual Discourse
• Multilingualism as a Societal Phenomenon
• Language Maintenance and Shift
• Diglossia
• Multilingual Discourse
• Chapter Summary
• Further Reading
• References
• 9 Contact Varieties: Structural Consequences of Social Factors
• The Structure of Codeswitching
• Loanwords and Calques
• Convergence
• Ethnicized and Social Dialects as Contact Varieties
• Mixed Languages
• Lingua Francas
• Pidgin and Creole Languages: Definitions
• Creole Formation
• Geographical Distribution
• Linguistic Characteristics of P/C Languages
• From Pidgin to Creole and Beyond
• Chapter Summary
• Further Reading
• References
• 10 Language, the Nation, and Beyond
• Language and Nation
• Language and Migration
• Language and Globalization
• Language and the Digital World
• Chapter Summary
• Further Reading
• References
• Part IV: Sociolinguistics and Social Justice
• 11 Language, Gender, and Sexuality
• Defining Terms: Sex Category, Gender, and Sexuality
• Sexist Language
• Deficit, Dominance, and Difference
• Gender and Sexuality Identities
• Discourses of Gender and Sexuality
• Chapter Summary
• Further Reading
• References
• 12 Sociolinguistics and Education
• Social Dialects and Education
• Education in Multilingual Contexts
• Education and World‐Wide English
• Chapter Summary
• Further Reading
• References
• 13 Language Policy and Planning
• Terminology, Concepts, and Development of the Field
• LPP and Nationalization
• LPP in Post‐ and Neo‐Colonial Contexts
• Multilingual Countries and LPP
• Feminist Language Planning
• Endangered Languages and the Spread of English
• Chapter Summary
• Further Reading
• References
• Glossary
• Index
• End User License Agreement