Efnisyfirlit

• Cover image
• Title page
• Table of Contents
• Copyright
• Preface
• Acknowledgements
• Abbreviations
• Chapter 1: Introduction to physiology
• Introduction
• The cell
• Cells and tissues
• The structural organization of the body
• Metabolism
• Chapter 2: The reproductive and urinary systems
• Introduction
• The urinary system
• The female reproductive tract
• The male reproductive tract
• Gametogenesis
• Chapter 3: Endocrinology
• Introduction
• What is endocrinology?
• The evolution of endocrinology
• Classification of hormones
• Hormone transport
• Hormonal regulation
• Hormone action
• Endocrine glands, hormones and reproduction
• Fetal endocrinology
• Chapter 4: Reproductive cycles
• Introduction
• The follicular phase
• The luteal phase
• Regulation of gonadotrophin secretion
• Cyclical effects of oestrogens and progesterone
• Menstruation
• Hormonal causes of infertility
• Artificial control of fertility
• Menopause
• Chapter 5: Sexual differentiation and behaviour
• Introduction
• Differentiation into male and female
• The development of the male morphology
• The development of the female morphology
• Indeterminate sex
• Sexual behaviour
• Chapter 6: Fertilization
• Introduction
• Coitus
• The gametes
• Stages of fertilization
• Development before implantation
• Parental imprinting
• Twins
• Implantation
• Maternal recognition of the pregnancy
• Causes of infertility
• Assisted reproductive technology (artificial fertilization)
• Chapter 7: Overview of human genetics and genetic disorders
• Introduction
• A brief history of genetics
• Genes and chromosomes
• The structure of DNA and RNA
• DNA replication and cell division
• The genetic message
• Mutation
• Meiosis
• Autosomes and sex chromosomes
• Prediction of genetic outcomes
• Characteristics of different types of inheritance
• Chromosomal abnormalities
• Epigenetics and imprinting
• Genetic screening
• Evolution
• Chapter 8: The placenta
• Introduction
• Uterine receptivity
• Implantation
• Differentiation into cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast
• Extravillous cytotrophoblast and remodelling of the uterine vessels
• Vascularization of the placental villi
• Development of the discoid placenta and chorionic membrane
• Development of the amnion (inner membrane)
• Growth and maturation of the placental villi
• Placental blood flow
• Placental transport mechanisms
• Placental hormone production
• The allantois and yolk sac
• The placenta at term
• Examination of the placenta
• Chapter 9: Embryo development and fetal growth
• Introduction
• Week 2
• Week 3
• Weeks 4–8: organogenesis
• Ninth week to birth: fetal period
• Development of organ systems
• Chapter 10: Overview of immunology
• Introduction
• The evolution of the immune system
• Overview of the immune system
• The immune system in pregnancy; acceptance of the fetus
• Effects of pregnancy on the immune system
• Fetal and neonatal passive immunity
• Vulnerability of the neonate
• Other immunological aspects of pregnancy
• Chapter 11: Physiological adaptation to pregnancy
• Introduction
• Endocrine changes in pregnancy
• The reproductive system
• The cardiovascular system
• The respiratory system
• The renal system
• The gastrointestinal system
• The skin and appearance
• The skeleton and joints
• Vision
• The nose and larynx
• Sleep
• Carbohydrate metabolism
• Chapter 12: Maternal nutrition and health
• Introduction
• Overview of nutrition
• Preconceptual nutritional status
• Non-nutritional factors affecting reproductive function
• Nutritional requirements in pregnancy
• Undernutrition in pregnancy
• Maternal obesity
• Lifestyle issues
• Chapter 13: Physiology of parturition
• Introduction
• Stages of labour
• The uterus at term
• Initiation of parturition
• The timing of parturition
• The evolutionary context of human labour
• The first stage of labour
• The second stage of labour
• The third stage of labour
• The effects of labour on maternal physiology
• Nutrition in labour
• The effects of labour on the fetus
• The fetal skull and fetal presentation
• Pain in labour
• Position in labour
• Chapter 14: The puerperium
• Introduction
• Physiological and structural changes
• Lochia
• Sleep
• Psychological state
• The role of the midwife
• Complications of the puerperium
• Chapter 15: The transition to neonatal life
• Introduction
• The cardiovascular system
• The respiratory system
• Temperature regulation
• The neonatal liver
• The gastrointestinal system at birth
• The kidneys
• The nervous system
• Sleep and behavioural states
• The skin and immune system
• Normal neonatal transition
• Initial examination of the newborn
• Chapter 16: Lactation and infant nutrition
• Introduction
• Anatomy of the breast
• Breast growth and development
• Physiology of lactation
• Suckling and milk transfer
• Involution
• Problems associated with lactation
• Inhibition of fertility
• Maternal behaviour
• Nutrition of the lactating mother
• Infant nutrition and the composition of human milk
• Immunological properties of human milk
• Formula feeding
• Weaning
• Glossary
• Index