Efnisyfirlit

• Instructions for online access
• Cover image
• Title page
• Table of Contents
• Copyright
• Preface
• Acknowledgements
• List of abbreviations
• 1. Introduction to Physiology
• Introduction
• The Cell
• Cells and Tissues
• The Structural Organization of the Body
• Metabolism
• Key Points
• Application to Practice
• 2. The Reproductive and Urinary Systems
• Introduction
• The Urinary System
• The Female Reproductive Tract
• The Male Reproductive Tract
• Gametogenesis
• Key Points
• Application to Practice
• 3. Endocrinology
• Introduction
• What is endocrinology?
• The Evolution of Endocrinology
• Classification of Hormones
• Hormone Transport
• Hormonal Regulation
• Hormone Action
• Endocrine Glands, Hormones and Reproduction
• Fetal Endocrinology
• Key Points
• Application to Practice
• 4. Reproductive Cycles
• Introduction
• The Luteal Phase
• Regulation of Gonadotrophin Secretion
• Cyclical Effects of Oestrogens and Progesterone
• Menstruation
• Hormonal Causes of Infertility
• Artificial Control of Fertility
• Menopause
• Key Points
• Application to Practice
• 5. Sexual Differentiation and Behaviour
• Introduction
• Differentiation Into Male and Female
• Development of Male Morphology
• Development of Female Morphology
• Indeterminate Sex
• Sexual Behaviour
• Key Points
• Application to Practice
• 6. Fertilization
• Introduction
• Coitus (Copulation)
• The Gametes
• Stages of Fertilization
• Development Before Implantation
• Parental Imprinting
• Twins
• Implantation
• Maternal Recognition of the Pregnancy
• Causes of Infertility
• Assisted Reproductive Technology (Art or Artificial Fertilization)
• Key Points
• Application to Practice
• 7. Overview of Human Genetics and Genetic Disorders
• Introduction
• A Brief History of Genetics
• Genes and Chromosomes
• The Structure of DNA and RNA
• DNA Replication and Cell Division
• The Genetic Message
• Mutation
• Meiosis
• Autosomes and Sex Chromosomes
• Prediction of Genetic Outcomes
• Characteristics of Different Types of Inheritance
• Chromosomal Abnormalities
• Epigenetics and Imprinting
• Genetic Screening
• Evolution
• Key Points
• Application to Practice
• 8. The Placenta
• Introduction
• Uterine Receptivity
• Differentiation into Cytotrophoblast and Syncytiotrophoblast
• Extravillous Cytotrophoblast and Remodelling of the Uterine Vessels
• Vascularization of the Placental Villi
• Development of the Discoid Placenta and Chorionic Membrane
• Development of the Amnion (Inner Membrane)
• Growth and Maturation of the Placental Villi
• Placental Blood Flow
• Placental Transport Mechanisms
• Placental Hormone Production
• The Allantois and Yolk Sac
• The Placenta at Term
• Examination of the Placenta
• Key Points
• Application to Practice
• 9. Embryo Development and Fetal Growth
• Introduction
• Embryonic Week 2
• Embryonic Week 3
• Embryonic Weeks 4–8: Organogenesis
• Ninth Week to Birth: Fetal Period
• Development of Organ Systems
• Key Points
• Application to Practice
• 10. Overview of Immunology
• Introduction
• The Evolution of the Immune System
• Overview of the Immune System
• The Immune System in Pregnancy
• Acceptance of the Fetus
• Effects of Pregnancy on the Immune System
• Fetal and Neonatal Passive Immunity
• Vulnerability of the Neonate
• Other Immunological Aspects of Pregnancy
• Key Points
• Application to Practice
• 11. Physiological Adaptation to Pregnancy
• Introduction
• Endocrine Changes in Pregnancy
• The Reproductive System
• The Cardiovascular System
• The Respiratory System
• The Renal System
• The Gastrointestinal System
• The Skin and Appearance
• The Skeleton and Joints
• Vision
• The Nose and Larynx
• Sleep
• Carbohydrate Metabolism
• Key Points
• Application to Practice
• 12. Maternal Nutrition and Health
• Introduction
• Overview of Nutrition
• Preconceptual Nutritional Status
• Non-Nutritional Factors Affecting Reproductive Function
• Nutritional Requirements in Pregnancy
• Undernutrition in Pregnancy
• Maternal Obesity
• Lifestyle Issues
• Key Points
• Application to Practice
• 13. Physiology of Parturition
• Introduction
• Stages of Labour
• The Uterus at Term
• Initiation of Parturition
• The Timing of Parturition
• The Evolutionary Context of Human Labour
• The First Stage of Labour
• The Second Stage of Labour
• The Third Stage of Labour
• The Effects of Labour on Maternal Physiology
• Nutrition in Labour
• The Effects of Labour on the Fetus
• The Fetal Skull and Fetal Presentation
• Pain in Labour
• Position in Labour
• Key Points
• Application to Practice
• 14. The Puerperium
• Introduction
• Physiological and Structural Changes
• Lochia
• Sleep
• Psychological State
• The Role of the Midwife
• Complications of the Puerperium
• Key Points
• Application to Practice
• 15. The Transition to Neonatal Life
• Introduction
• The Cardiovascular System
• The Respiratory System
• Temperature Regulation
• The Neonatal Liver
• The Gastrointestinal System at Birth
• The Kidneys
• The Nervous System
• Sleep and Behavioural States
• The Skin and Immune System
• Normal Neonatal Transition
• Initial Examination of the Newborn
• Key Points
• Application to Practice
• 16. Lactation and Infant Nutrition
• Introduction
• Anatomy of the Breast
• Breast Growth and Development
• Physiology of Lactation
• Suckling and Milk Transfer
• Involution
• Problems Associated with Lactation
• Inhibition of Fertility
• Maternal Behaviour
• Nutrition of the Lactating Mother
• Infant Nutrition and the Composition of Human Milk
• Immunological Properties of Human Milk
• Formula Feeding
• Complementary Feeding (Weaning)
• Key Points
• Application to Practice
• Index