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• Cover
• Half Title
• Series
• Title
• Copyright
• Contents
• Preface to the second edition
• Acknowledgments
• 1 Philosophy before Socrates
• 1.1 Thales and the earliest natural philosophers
• 1.2 Xenophanes
• 1.3 Heracleitus
• 1.4 Parmenides and Zeno
• 1.5 Democritus and fifth-century atomism
• 1.6 The Sophistic movement
• 1.7 Challenges from the Presocratics and Sophists
• Notes
• Suggestions for additional readings
• 2 Socrates
• 2.1 The Socratic elenchus
• 2.2 The failures of Meno and Euthyphro
• 2.3 Socratic ignorance and Socratic irony
• 2.4 Socratic conviction and the Socratic paradoxes
• 2.5 Socrates on trial and in prison
• 2.6 Conclusions
• Notes
• Suggestions for additional readings
• 3 Plato
• 3.1 From Socrates to Plato
• 3.2 Meno’s paradox of inquiry; Plato’s response
• 3.3 Three functions of Plato’s theory of forms
• 3.4 Plato’s response to Sophistry: relativism and rhetoric
• 3.5 Three arguments for Forms
• 3.6 Plato’s general characterizations of forms
• 3.7 Platonic analysis: a case study
• 3.8 The special role of the Form of the Good
• 3.9 Plato’s line and cave: our epistemic prospects
• 3.10 Problems about Forms
• 3.11 Conclusions
• Notes
• Suggestions for additional readings
• 4 Aristotle
• 4.1 From Plato to Aristotle
• 4.2 Aristotle’s introduction of category theory
• 4.3 The four causes introduced
• 4.4 The four causes defended
• 4.5 The four causes applied: soul and body
• 4.6 The four causes applied: happiness and the human function
• 4.7 The virtues of a happy person
• 4.8 Aristotle’s treatment of a Socratic paradox: akrasia
• 4.9 Aristotle’s political naturalism
• 4.10 Aristotle on philosophical analysis: homonymy
• 4.11 Conclusions
• Notes
• Suggestions for additional readings
• 5. Hellenistic philosophy
• 5.1 The Hellenistic period
• 5.2 The Epicureans
• 5.3 The Stoics
• 5.4 Skepticism
• 5.5 Conclusions
• Notes
• Suggestions for additional readings
• 6 Late-antique philosophy
• 6.1 Proclus
• 6.2 Augustine
• 6.3 Conclusions
• Notes
• Suggestions for additional readings
• Suggestions for further reading
• Index