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• Cover
• Title Page
• Copyright Page
• Brief Contents
• Diagnostic Links
• Contents
• Preface
• New to this Edition
• Contributors
• Acknowledgments
• CHAPTER 1 Cellular Function
• Basic Cell Function and Structure
• Cellular Components
• Exchanging Material
• Energy Production
• Chromosomes, DNA, and Genes
• Replication and Differentiation
• Cellular Organization
• Types of Tissue
• Cellular Adaptation and Damage
• Cellular Adaptation
• Cellular Injury and Death
• Genetic and Epigenetic Alterations
• Benign and Malignant Neoplasms
• Genetic and Congenital Disorders
• Patterns of Inheritance
• Single-Gene Disorders
• Chromosomal Disorders—Number or Structural
• Autosomal Aneuploidy
• X-Linked Aneuploidy
• Chromosomal Structural Disorders
• Multifactorial Disorders
• Chapter Summary
• References and Resources
• CHAPTER 2 Immunity
• Innate Immunity
• Barriers
• Inflammatory Response
• Adaptive Immunity
• Cellular Immunity
• Humoral Immunity
• Immune Changes Across the Life Span
• Infectious Disorders
• Bacteria
• Fungi
• Protozoa
• Helminths
• Viruses and Prions
• Vaccines
• Altered Immune Response
• Hypersensitivity
• Hypersensitivity by Mechanism
• Hypersensitivity by Antigen
• Immunodeficiency
• Developing a Strong Immune System
• Chapter Summary
• References and Resources
• CHAPTER 3 Hematopoietic Function
• Hematopoietic System
• Hematopoiesis
• Hemostasis
• Lymphoid System
• Understanding Conditions That Affect The Hematopoietic System
• Diseases of the White Blood Cells
• Neutrophils
• Eosinophils and Basophils
• Lymphocytes and Monocytes
• Lymphomas
• Myelodysplastic Syndrome
• Leukemias
• Diseases of the Red Blood Cells
• Anemia
• Polycythemia
• Iron Overload
• Diseases of the Platelets
• Thrombocytopenia
• Thrombocythemia
• Diseases of Coagulation or Hemostasis
• Hemophilia
• Von Willebrand Disease
• Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
• Thrombophilia
• Chapter Summary
• References and Resources
• CHAPTER 4 Cardiovascular Function
• Anatomy and Physiology
• Heart
• Cardiac Cycle
• Conduction System
• Blood Vessels
• Blood Pressure and Cardiac Output
• Lymphatic System
• Understanding Conditions That Affect the Cardiovascular System
• Impaired Cardiac Output: Heart Disease
• Pericarditis
• Infective Endocarditis
• Myocarditis
• Valvular Disorders
• Cardiomyopathy
• Electrical Alterations
• Heart Failure
• Congenital Heart Defects
• Impaired Tissue Perfusion: Vascular Disorders
• Arterial Disorders
• Arterial and Venous Disorders
• Venous Disorders
• Lymphedema
• Conditions Resulting in Decreased Cardiac Output and Altered Perfusion
• Hypertension
• Shock
• Chapter Summary
• References and Resources
• CHAPTER 5 Pulmonary Function
• Anatomy and Physiology
• Ventilation
• Respiration
• Neural Regulation, Lung Volume, and Lung Capacity
• Understanding Conditions That Affect the Pulmonary System
• Infectious Disorders
• Upper Respiratory Tract Infections
• Lower Respiratory Tract Infections
• Alterations in Ventilation
• Asthma—Obstructive
• Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
• Sleep Apnea—Obstructive
• Cystic Fibrosis—Obstructive
• Lung Cancer
• Pleural Effusion
• Effusions
• Pneumothorax
• Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome—Restrictive
• Alterations in Ventilation and Perfusion
• Atelectasis—Restrictive
• Acute Respiratory Failure
• Chapter Summary
• References and Resources
• CHAPTER 6 Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid–Base Homeostasis
• Fluid and Electrolyte Balance
• Distribution
• Fluid Movement
• Fluid Regulation
• Electrolytes
• Fluid and Electrolyte Imbalances
• Sodium and Water
• Fluid Excess
• Fluid Deficit
• Hypernatremia
• Hyponatremia
• Chloride
• Potassium
• Calcium
• Phosphorus
• Magnesium
• Acid–Base Balance
• pH Regulation
• Buffers
• Respiratory Regulation
• Renal Regulation
• Compensation
• Metabolic Acidosis
• Metabolic Alkalosis
• Respiratory Acidosis
• Respiratory Alkalosis
• Mixed Disorders
• Arterial Blood Gas Interpretation
• Practice Arterial Blood Gas Interpretation
• Chapter Summary
• References and Resources
• CHAPTER 7 Urinary Function
• Anatomy and Physiology
• Structure
• Urine Formation
• Urine Elimination
• Understanding Conditions That Affect the Urinary System
• Conditions Resulting in Altered Urinary Elimination
• Incontinence
• Neurogenic Bladder
• Bladder Pain Syndrome/Interstitial Cystitis
• Congenital Disorders
• Urinary Tract Infections
• Urinary Tract Obstructions
• Tumors and Cysts
• Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
• Prostate Cancer
• Conditions Resulting in Impaired Renal Function
• Polycystic Kidney Disease
• Glomerular Disorders
• Kidney Injury and Disease
• Chapter Summary
• References and Resources
• CHAPTER 8 Reproductive Function
• Anatomy and Physiology
• Normal Male Reproductive System
• Normal Female Reproductive System
• Understanding Conditions That Affect the Reproductive System
• Congenital Disorders
• Epispadias
• Hypospadias
• Cryptorchidism
• Infertility Issues
• Disorders of the Penis
• Erectile Dysfunction
• Phimosis and Paraphimosis
• Priapism
• Disorders of the Testes and Scrotum
• Hydrocele
• Spermatocele
• Varicocele
• Testicular Torsion
• Disorders of Pelvic Support
• Menstrual Disorders
• Abnormal Uterine Bleeding
• Amenorrhea
• Heavy and Intermenstrual Bleeding
• Dysmenorrhea
• Premenstrual Syndrome
• Disorders of the Uterus
• Endometriosis
• Leiomyomas
• Disorders of the Ovaries
• Ovarian Cysts
• Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
• Disorders of the Breasts
• Benign Breast Masses
• Mastitis
• Reproductive Tract Infections
• Prostatitis
• Epididymitis
• Candidiasis
• Sexually Transmitted Infections
• Bacterial STIs
• Viral STIs
• Protozoan STIs
• Cancers
• Penile Cancer
• Testicular Cancer
• Breast Cancer
• Cervical Cancer
• Endometrial Cancer and Uterine Sarcoma
• Ovarian Cancer
• Chapter Summary
• References and Resources
• CHAPTER 9 Gastrointestinal Function
• Anatomy and Physiology
• Upper Gastrointestinal Tract
• Lower Gastrointestinal Tract
• Liver
• Pancreas
• Gastrointestinal Changes Associated with Aging
• Understanding Conditions That Affect the Gastrointestinal System
• Disorders of the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract and Accessory Organs
• Congenital Defects
• Cleft Lip and Cleft Palate
• Esophageal Atresia
• Pyloric Stenosis
• Dysphagia
• Vomiting
• Hiatal Hernia
• Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
• Gastritis
• Peptic Ulcers
• Cholelithiasis
• Disorders of the Liver
• Hepatitis
• Cirrhosis
• Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
• Disorders of the Pancreas
• Pancreatitis
• Disorders of the Lower Gastrointestinal Tract
• Diarrhea
• Constipation
• Intestinal Obstruction
• Appendicitis
• Peritonitis
• Celiac Disease
• Inflammatory Bowel Disease
• Irritable Bowel Syndrome
• Diverticular Disease
• Cancers
• Oral Cancer
• Esophageal Cancer
• Gastric Cancer
• Liver Cancer
• Pancreatic Cancer
• Colorectal Cancer
• Chapter Summary
• References and Resources
• CHAPTER 10 Endocrine Function
• Anatomy and Physiology
• Hormonal Regulation
• Pituitary Gland and Hypothalamus
• Pancreas
• Thyroid Gland
• Parathyroid Glands
• Adrenal Glands
• Understanding Conditions That Affect the Endocrine System 512
• Disorders of the Pituitary Gland
• Hypopituitarism
• Hyperpituitarism
• Prolactin Disorders: Prolactinemia
• Growth Hormone Disorders
• Antidiuretic Hormone (Vasopressin) Disorders
• Diabetes Mellitus
• Type 1 Diabetes
• Monogenic Diabetes
• Type 2 Diabetes
• Gestational Diabetes
• Metabolic Syndrome
• Obesity
• Disorders of the Thyroid Gland
• Goiter and Thyroid Nodules
• Hypothyroidism
• Hyperthyroidism
• Disorders of the Parathyroid Glands
• Hypoparathyroidism
• Hyperparathyroidism
• Disorders of the Adrenal Glands
• Pheochromocytoma
• Cushing Syndrome
• Adrenal Insufficiency
• Chapter Summary
• References and Resources
• CHAPTER 11 Neural Function
• Anatomy and Physiology
• Central Nervous System
• Peripheral Nervous System
• Autonomic Nervous System
• Blood Supply to the CNS
• Understanding Conditions That Affect the Nervous System 563
• Congenital Neurologic Disorders
• Hydrocephalus
• Spina Bifida
• Cerebral Palsy
• Infectious Neurologic Disorders
• Meningitis
• Encephalitis
• Zika Virus Disease
• Traumatic Neurologic Disorders
• Traumatic Brain Injuries
• Increased Intracranial Pressure
• Hematomas
• Spinal Cord Injuries
• Vascular Neurologic Disorders
• Cerebrovascular Accident
• Cerebral Aneurysm
• Arteriovenous Malformations
• Headache Disorders
• Migraine Headaches
• Tension-Type Headaches
• Cluster Headaches
• Seizure Disorders
• Chronic Degenerative Disorders
• Multiple Sclerosis
• Parkinson Disease
• Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
• Myasthenia Gravis
• Huntington Disease
• Dementia
• Alzheimer Disease
• Vascular Dementia
• Dementia With Lewy Bodies
• Frontotemporal Dementia
• Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease
• AIDS Dementia Complex
• Cancers of the Nervous System
• Brain Tumors
• Mental Health Disorders
• Neurodevelopmental Disorders
• Personality Disorders
• Substance Use Disorders
• Feeding and Eating Disorders
• Unipolar Depressive Disorders
• Bipolar Disorders
• Schizophrenia
• Anxiety Disorders
• Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders
• Chapter Summary
• References and Resources
• CHAPTER 12 Musculoskeletal Function
• Anatomy and Physiology
• Bones
• Bone Remodeling
• Joints
• Muscles
• Musculoskeletal Changes Associated with Aging
• Understanding Conditions That Affect the Musculoskeletal System
• Congenital and Developmental Musculoskeletal Disorders
• Developmental Hip Dysplasia
• Osteogenesis Imperfecta
• Spinal Deviations
• Traumatic Musculoskeletal Disorders
• Fractures
• Dislocations
• Sprains
• Strains
• Bursitis
• Anatomic-Specific Injuries
• Low Back Pain
• Metabolic Bone Disorders
• Osteoporosis
• Rickets and Osteomalacia
• Paget Disease
• Inflammatory Joint Disorders
• Osteoarthritis
• Rheumatoid Arthritis
• Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
• Gout
• Ankylosing Spondylitis
• Chronic Muscle Disorders
• Muscular Dystrophy
• Fibromyalgia
• Bone and Muscle Neoplasms
• Chapter Summary
• References and Resources
• CHAPTER 13 Integumentary Function
• Anatomy and Physiology
• Epidermis
• Dermis and Appendages
• Subcutaneous Tissue
• Nails
• Understanding Conditions That Affect the Integumentary System 694
• Congenital Integumentary Disorders
• Birthmarks
• Disorders of Melanin
• Integumentary Changes Associated with Aging
• Inflammatory Integumentary Disorders
• Contact Dermatitis
• Atopic Dermatitis
• Urticaria
• Psoriasis
• Infectious Integumentary Disorders
• Bacterial Infections
• Viral Infections
• Parasitic Infections
• Traumatic Integumentary Disorders
• Burns
• Pressure Injuries
• Chronic Integumentary Disorders
• Acne Vulgaris
• Rosacea
• Integumentary Cancers
• Hair Disorders
• Nail Disorders
• Chapter Summary
• References and Resources
• CHAPTER 14 Sensory Function
• Anatomy and Physiology
• Eyes
• Ears
• Understanding Conditions That Affect the Senses
• Pain
• Pain Mechanisms
• Pain Transmission
• Types of Pain
• Congenital Sensory Disorders
• Eyes
• Ears
• Sensory Conditions Associated with Aging
• Eyes
• Ears
• Infectious and Inflammatory Sensory Disorders
• Eyes
• Ears
• Traumatic Sensory Disorders
• Eyes
• Ears
• Chronic Sensory Disorders
• Eyes
• Ears
• Sensory Organ Cancers
• Eyes
• Miscellaneous Sensory Organ Conditions
• Eyes
• Ears
• Chapter Summary
• References and Resources
• Glossary
• Index