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• Cover
• List of Figures
• Acknowledgments
• Preface: The Contradictions of Theory
• 1 Common Sense is Not Enough
• Definitions of Theory
• Understanding Theory
• 2 The “New Archaeology”
• Culture History
• Origins of the New Archaeology
• New Archaeology: Key Points
• Case Study: The Enigma of the Megaliths
• Conclusion
• 3 Archaeology as a Science
• Definitions of Science
• Positivism
• Examples
• Objections to “Science”
• Kuhn and Feyerabend
• Social Constructivism
• 4 Middle‐Range Theory, Ethnoarchaeology, and Material Culture Studies
• Binford and Middle‐Range Theory
• Interpreting the Mousterian
• Uniformitarian Assumptions
• Case Study: Bones at Olduvai
• Middle‐Range Theory: Problems
• Behavioral Archaeology
• Material Culture Studies
• 5 Culture and Process
• Culture History
• Cultural Systems: Summary
• The Idea of Process
• Example: Cultural Process around the North Sea
• Cultural Process: Strengths
• The Context of Cultural Systems
• Processual Thinking: Drawbacks
• Processual Thinking Modified
• Culture, Process, and the Individual
• 6 Thoughts and Ideologies
• Looking at Thoughts
• Structuralism
• Marxism
• Ideology
• Cognitive Archaeology
• Conclusion
• 7 Postprocessual and Interpretative Archaeologies
• Postprocessual Archaeology
• Case Studies: Rock Art and Medieval Houses
• 8 The Material Turn
• Things Are Important
• Things Are Complicated
• Phenomenology
• Objects and Mediation
• Objects and Agency
• Ecology, Environment, and the Anthropocene
• Objects and Entanglement
• Assemblages
• Actor Network Theory and Symmetrical Archaeology
• Criticisms of the Material Turn
• Conclusion
• 9 Archaeology, Gender, and Identity
• Gender
• Bias Correction
• Critique of Archaeological Practice
• Archaeologies of Gender
• Men, Women, and Knowledge
• Case Study: What This Awl Means
• Archaeologies of Identity
• Race and Ethnicity
• Queering Archaeology
• Archaeologies of Disability
• Performativity
• Conclusion
• 10 Archaeology and Cultural Evolution
• Darwin, Marx, and Spencer
• Cultural Evolution
• Criticisms of Cultural Evolution
• Multilinear Evolution
• Cultural Evolution and Marxism
• Origins of the State
• Case Study: Cahokia
• Cultural Evolution Strikes Back
• 11 Archaeology and Darwinian Evolution
• Darwin’s Dangerous Idea
• Cultural Ecology
• Human Behavioral Ecology
• Genes and Memes
• Co‐Evolutionary Theory
• Selectionist Archaeology
• Case Study: Art, Handaxes, Population, and Innovation in the Paleolithic
• Conclusion
• 12 Archaeology and History
• Traditional History
• The Annales School
• The Linguistic Turn
• The Material Turn in History
• Medieval and Historical Archaeology
• Historical Archaeology and the Text
• Case Study: Bodiam Castle
• Conclusion
• 13 Archaeology, Politics, and Culture
• Case Study: African Burial Ground
• Indigenous Archaeologies
• “Heritage” and Community Archaeology
• The Relativism Question
• 14 Conclusion
• Where We Are Now
• The Fall and Rise of Empiricism
• Processual and Postprocessual Archaeologies
• Political Economy, the Social, and the Material
• Theorizing the Field
• Digital Theory
• Theory, Truth, and Pragmatism
• Where Theory Is Going
• Progress and Impact
• Diversity and Pluralism
• Conclusion
• Selective Glossary
• Further Reading
• How to Read this Book
• General Points
• Introductory Texts
• Preface: The Contradictions of Theory
• Chapter 1 Common Sense is Not Enough
• Chapter 2 The “New Archaeology”
• Chapter 3 Archaeology as a Science
• Chapter 4 Middle‐Range Theory, Ethnoarchaeology, and Material Culture Studies
• Chapter 5 Culture and Process
• Chapter 6 Thoughts and Ideologies
• Chapter 7 Postprocessual and Interpretative Archaeologies
• Chapter 8 Materiality
• Chapter 9 Archaeology, Gender, and Identity
• Chapter 10 Archaeology and Cultural Evolution
• Chapter 11 Archaeology and Darwinian Evolution
• Chapter 12 Archaeology and History
• Chapter 13 Archaeology, Politics, and Culture
• Chapter 14 Conclusion: The Future of Theory
• Bibliography
• Index
• End User License Agreement