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• Cover Page
• Half Title page
• Series Page
• Title Page
• Copyright Page
• Contents
• Introduction
• Overview
• An 8-Year-Old Boy with Autism
• MR D, Austin’s Father: His View
• At the Crossroads: Questions to Dr Rapin
• Onset and Symptoms
• Prevalence and Etiologies
• Diagnosis and Evaluation
• Educational Interventions
• Medical and Other Interventions
• Social and Family Issues
• Future Research Directions
• Questions and Discussion
• References
• Description
• The Screening and Diagnosis of Autistic Spectrum Disorders1
• Introduction
• Description of the Analytical Process
• Selection of Consensus Panel
• Literature Review
• Historical Perspective
• Autism from 1943 to 1980
• The Broader Phenotype
• Presenting Signs and Symptoms of the Autistic Spectrum Disorders
• Autistic Disorder
• Asperger Disorder
• Childhood Disintegrative Disorder
• Atypical Autism/PDD Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS)
• Rett Syndrome
• Screening and Diagnosis of Autism: “Screen, Probe, Evaluate”
• Level 1: Routine Developmental Surveillance and Screening Specifically for Autism
• Level 1 Laboratory Investigations
• Specific Screening for Autism
• Referral to Early Intervention or Local School District
• Level 2: Diagnosis and Evaluation of Autism
• Expanded Medical and Neurological Evaluation
• Autism Diagnostic Tools
• Differential Diagnosis of Autistic Spectrum Disorders
• Specific Evaluations to Determine the Developmental Profile
• Level 2 Laboratory Investigation
• Referral to Early Intervention
• Recommendations
• Level 1: Routine Developmental Screening
• Level 2: Diagnosis and Evaluation of Autism
• Other Recommendations
• An Analysis of Differences Relative to Other Practice Parameters
• Recommendation for Parameter Review
• Recommendations for Future Research
• Appendix
• Acknowledgments
• References
• Epidemiology
• Epidemiology of Autism Prevalence, Associated Characteristics, and Implications for Research and Service Delivery
• Definition
• Prevalence
• Associated Psychosocial Characteristics
• Associated Physical Characteristics and Medical/Psychiatric Conditions
• Medical Conditions
• Psychiatric Conditions
• Outcome
• Summary
• Implications for Research and Service Delivery
• References
• The epidemiology of autism: a review
• Introduction
• Selection of Studies
• Results
• Survey Descriptions
• Study Designs
• Characteristics of Identified Samples
• Prevalence Estimations
• Associated medical conditions
• Rates of other pervasive developmental disorders
• Other correlates
• Discussion
• References
• Autistic and Dysphasic Children. II: Epilepsy
• Materials and Methods
• Results
• Seizures and Epilepsy
• Cumulative Risk of Developing Epilepsy
• Risk Factors for Epilepsy
• Gender
• Types of Seizures
• Electroencephalographic Data
• Regression of Language and Behavior and Epilepsy
• Language Subtypes, Regression, Epileptiform EEG, and Epilepsy
• Discussion
• Acknowledgments
• References
• Genetics
• Autism as a strongly genetic disorder: evidence from a British twin study
• Introduction
• Method
• Results
• The sample
• Follow-up of the original pairs
• Concordance rates
• Heritability
• Obstetric and developmental data
• Discussion
• Nature of the sample
• Genetic factors
• Obstetric and developmental factors
• Notes
• References
• Genetics of Autism: Characteristics of Affected and Unaffected Children from 37 Multiplex Families
• Introduction
• Materials and Methods
• Subject Recruitment
• Data Collection Procedures
• Testing for Fragile X
• Scoring the ADI and Diagnostic Classifications
• Reliability Estimates
• Data Analysis: Sibling Concordance for Autism Signs and Symptoms
• Results
• Reliability Measures
• Comparison of Referral and ADI Diagnoses
• Clinical Characteristics of Autism Multiplex Families
• Characteristics of Unaffected Siblings in Autism Multiplex Families
• Characteristics of Uncertain Siblings in Autism Multiplex Families
• Concordance of Autistic Behaviors in Multiplex Families
• Concordance for IQ Scores Among Autistic Siblings
• Discussion
• Referral vs. Research Diagnoses
• Definition of Affected Status
• Genetic Heterogeneity
• Acknowledgments
• References
• Rapid Publication: Evidence Supporting WNT2 as an Autism Susceptibility Gene
• Introduction
• Materials and Methods
• Patient and Ascertainment Sample
• Mutation Screening
• Linkage Disequilibrium
• Association of SNPs With Evidence for Linkage
• Northern Blot Analysis
• Results
• Mutation Screening
• Linkage Disequilibrium
• Association of 3′UTR SNP With Evidence for Linkage
• WNT2 Expression in Human Brain
• Discussion
• References
• Neurobiology of Disease
• The neuroanatomy of autism: a voxel-based whole brain analysis of structural scans
• Introduction
• Conclusion
• References
• Acknowledgements
• Abnormal Processing of Social Information from Faces in Autism
• Introduction
• Results
• Discussion
• Methods
• Subjects
• Experimental Tasks
• Note Added in Proof
• Acknowledgments
• References
• The human amygdala in social judgment
• References
• Acknowledgements
• A clinicopathological study of autism
• Introduction
• Methods
• Results
• Discussion
• Acknowledgements
• References
• Appendix
• Case histories
• Autism: Towards an Integration of Clinical, Genetic, Neuropsychological, and Neurobiological Perspectives
• Introduction
• Clinical Features
• Genetic Factors
• Neuropsychological Approaches
• Neurobiology
• Towards an Integration
• References
• Hypoplasia of Cerebellar Vermal Lobules VI and VII in Autism
• Methods
• Study Groups
• Protocol for Magnetic Resonance Scanning
• Quantification Procedures
• Results
• Discussion
• References
• ‘Theory of mind’ in the brain. Evidence from a PET scan study of Asperger syndrome
• Introduction
• Subjects and Methods
• Results
• Discussion
• Conclusion
• Acknowledgement:
• References
• Neuropathology of Infantile Autism
• Introduction
• Brain Size and Configuration
• Neocortex
• Allocortex and Subcortical Forebrain Areas
• Cerebellum and Brainstem
• Nature of the Pathological Changes
• Relationship to Clinical and Other Features of Infantile Autism
• Conclusions
• References
• Autism Spectrum Disorders Review
• Acknowledgments
• References
• Frontal Lobe Contributions to Theory of Mind
• Introduction
• Subjects
• Tasks
• Results
• False Belief
• Order Effects, Practice Effects
• Faux Pas Task
• Discussion
• Methods
• First-Order False Belief Tasks
• Physical Inference vs. Mentalistic Inference
• False Belief vs. True Belief
• Controlling for Memory Load
• Second-Order False Belief Tasks
• Recognition of Faux Pas Task
• Acknowledgments
• Notes
• References
• Treatment
• A Double-blind, Placebo-Controlled Study of Risperidone in Adults With Autistic Disorder and Other Pervasive Developmental Disorders
• Results
• Global Treatment Response
• Response of Repetitive Behavior
• Response of Aggressive Behavior
• Response on Ritvo-Freeman Real-Life Rating Scale
• Subscale I: Sensory Motor Behaviors
• Subscale II: Social Relationship to People
• Subscale III: Affectual Reactions
• Subscale IV: Sensory Responses
• Subscale V: Language
• Ritvo-Freeman Scale Overall Score
• Response on Clinician-Rated Visual Analog Scales
• Adverse Effects
• Comment
• References
• Archives Circulation
• Long-Term Outcome for Children With Autism Who Received Early Intensive Behavioral Treatment
• Method
• Subjects and Background
• Procedure
• Results
• Experimental Versus Control Group
• Best-Outcome Versus Nonclinical Comparison Group
• Discussion
• References
• Empirically Supported Comprehensive Treatments for Young Children With Autism
• Review of Published Outcome Studies
• The Work of Lovaas and Colleagues
• Other Treatment Programs Based on Applied Behavior Analysis
• Possible Variables Affecting Outcome of Comprehensive Treatment of Autism
• Age
• IQ and Language Abilities
• Intensity of Treatment Provided
• Other Treatment Approaches
• Summary
• References
• Acknowledgments