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• Title Page
• Copyright Page
• Contents at a Glance
• Table of Contents
• About the Author
• About the Technical Reviewers
• Acknowledgments
• Introduction
• CHAPTER 1 First Steps in Perl
• Programming Languages
• Our First Perl Program
• Program Structure
• Documenting Your Programs
• Keywords
• Statements and Statement Blocks
• Character Sets
• Escape Sequences
• Whitespace
• Number Systems
• The Perl Debugger
• Summary
• Exercises
• CHAPTER 2 Scalars
• Types of Data
• Numbers
• Binary, Hexadecimal, and Octal Numbers
• Strings
• Single- vs. Double-Quoted Strings
• q// and qq//
• Here-Documents
• Converting Between Numbers and Strings
• Operators
• Numeric Operators
• Arithmetic Operators
• Bitwise Operators
• Truth and Falsehood
• Boolean Operators
• String Operators
• String Comparison
• Operators to Be Covered Later
• Operator Precedence
• Variables
• Scoping
• Variable Names
• The Special Variable $_
• Variable Interpolation
• Currency Converter
• Introducing
• The chomp() and chop() Functions
• Two Miscellaneous Functions
• The exit() Function
• The die() Function
• Summary
• Exercises
• CHAPTER 3 Control Flow Constructs
• The if Statement
• Operators Revisited
• Comparing Numbers
• Comparing Strings
• Other Tests
• Logical Operators
• Multiple Choice: if . . . else
• Even More Choices: if . . . elsif . . . else
• The unless Statement
• Expression Modifiers
• Using Short-Circuited Evaluation
• Looping Constructs
• The while Loop
• while ()
• Infinite Loops
• Looping Until
• The for Loop
• The foreach Loop
• do .. while and do .. until
• Expression Modifying
• Loop Control Constructs
• Breaking Out
• Going On to the Next
• Reexecuting the Loop
• Loop Labels
• goto
• Summary
• Exercises
• CHAPTER 4 Lists and Arrays
• Lists
• Simple Lists
• More Complex Lists
• Creating Lists Easily with qw//
• Ranges
• Accessing List Values
• List Slices
• Combining Ranges and Slices
• Arrays
• Assigning Arrays
• Scalar vs. List Context
• Adding to an Array
• Accessing an Array
• Accessing Single Elements
• $#array
• Looping Through an Array with Indexes
• Accessing Multiple Elements
• Processing Arrays with the foreach Loop
• Choosing an Iterator
• Modifying the Value of an Iterator
• Expression Modifier for the foreach Loop
• Array Functions
• Summary
• Exercises
• CHAPTER 5 Hashes
• Creating a Hash
• Working with Hash Values
• Adding, Changing, and Removing Elements
• Hash in List Context
• Hash in Scalar Context
• Hash Functions
• The keys() Function
• The values() Function
• The each() Function
• The delete() Function
• The exists() Function
• Hash Examples
• Creating Readable Variables
• “Reversing” Information
• Counting Things
• Summary
• Exercises
• CHAPTER 6 Subroutines/Functions
• Understanding Subroutines
• Defining a Subroutine
• Invoking a Subroutine
• Order of Declaration and Invoking Functions
• Passing Arguments into Functions
• Return Values
• The return Statement
• Understanding Scope
• Global Variables
• Introduction to Packages
• Lexical Variables (aka Local Variables)
• Some Important Notes on Passing Arguments
• Function Arguments Passed by Reference
• Lists Are One-Dimensional
• Default Argument Values
• Named Parameters
• Summary
• Exercises
• CHAPTER 7 Regular Expressions
• What Are They?
• Patterns
• Interpolation
• Metacharacters and Escaping
• Anchors
• Shortcuts and Options
• Alternatives
• Repetition with Quantifiers
• Summary Table
• Memory and Backreferences
• How the Regular Expression Engine Works
• Working with Regexes
• Substitution
• Changing Delimiters
• Modifiers
• The split() Function
• The join() Function
• Common Blunders
• Backreferences (Again)
• Summary
• Exercises
• CHAPTER 8 Files and Data
• Filehandles
• The open() Function
• The close() Function
• Three Ways to Open a File
• Read Mode
• Write Mode
• Append Mode
• Reading in Scalar Context
• Reading with the Diamond
• @ARGV: The Command-Line Arguments
• @ARGV and <>
• $ARGV
• Reading in List Context
• Writing to Files
• Buffering
• Opening Pipes
• Receiving Piped Data from a Process
• Sending Piped Data to Another Process
• Bidirectional Pipes
• File Tests
• Summary
• Exercises
• CHAPTER 9 String Processing
• Character Position
• String Functions
• The length() Function
• The index() Function
• The rindex() Function
• The substr() Function
• Transliteration
• Summary
• Exercises
• CHAPTER 10 Interfacing to the Operating System
• The %ENV Hash
• Working with Files and Directories
• File Globbing with glob()
• Reading Directories
• Functions to Work with Files and Directories
• The chdir() Function
• The unlink() Function
• The rename() Function
• The link(), symlink(), and readlink() Functions
• The mkdir() and rmdir() Functions
• The chmod() Function
• An Example
• Executing External Programs
• The system() Function
• Backquotes
• There’s More
• Summary
• Exercises
• CHAPTER 11 References
• What Is a Reference?
• Anonymity
• The Life Cycle of a Reference
• Reference Creation
• Anonymous Arrays and Anonymous Hashes
• Using References
• Array Elements
• Reference Modification
• Hash References
• Notation Shorthand Using ->
• Reference Counting and Destruction
• Counting Anonymous References
• Using References for Complex Data Structures
• Matrices
• Autovivification
• Trees
• Summary
• Exercises
• CHAPTER 12 Modules
• Why Do We Need Them?
• Creating a Module
• Including Other Files with use
• do
• require
• use
• Changing @INC
• Package Hierarchies
• Exporters
• The Perl Standard Modules
• Online Documentation
• Data::Dumper
• File::Find
• Getopt::Std
• Getopt::Long
• File::Spec
• Benchmark
• Win32
• Win32::Sound
• Win32::TieRegistry
• CPAN
• Installing Modules with PPM
• Installing a Module Manually
• The CPAN Module
• Bundles
• Bundle::LWP
• Bundle::libnet
• Submitting Your Own Module to CPAN
• Summary
• CHAPTER 13 Object-Oriented Perl
• OO Buzzwords
• Objects
• Attributes
• Methods
• Classes
• Polymorphism
• Encapsulation
• Inheritance
• Constructors
• Destructors
• An Example
• Rolling Your Own Classes
• Bless You, My Reference
• Storing Attributes
• The Constructor
• Considering Inheritance
• Providing Attributes
• Creating Methods
• Get-Set Methods
• Class Attributes
• Privatizing Your Methods
• Utility Methods
• Death of an Object
• The Finished Class
• Do You Need OO?
• Are Your Subroutines Tasks?
• Do You Need Persistence?
• Do You Need Sessions?
• Do You Need Speed?
• Do You Want the User to Be Unaware of the Object?
• Are You Still Unsure?
• Summary
• Exercises
• CHAPTER 14 Introduction to CGI
• We Need a Web Server
• Creating a CGI Directory
• Writing CGI Programs
• “hello, world!” in CGI
• What to Do If Things Go WrongWhat if you don’t see the warm, friendly greeting
• The CGI Environment
• Generating HTML
• Introducing CGI.pm
• Conventional Style of Calling Methods
• CGI.pm Methods
• Methods That Generate Several Tags
• Named Parameters
• Methods That Generate One Tag
• Providing Attributes
• Processing Form Data
• The param() Method
• Dynamic CGI
• Let’s Play Chess!
• Improvements We Can Make
• What We Did Not Talk About
• Summary
• Exercises
• CHAPTER 15 Perl and DBI
• Introduction to Relational Databases
• We Need an SQL Server—MySQL
• Testing the MySQL Server
• Creating a Database
• The CREATE DATABASE Command
• The USE Command
• The CREATE TABLE Command
• The DESCRIBE Command
• Creating a Non-root User with the GRANT Command
• The INSERT Command
• The SELECT Command
• The WHERE Clause
• The ORDER BY Clause
• More Complicated SELECTs
• Table Joins
• Introduction to DBI
• Installing DBI and the DBD::mysql
• Connecting to the MySQL Database
• Executing an SQL Query with DBI
• A More Complex Example
• Use Placeholders
• DBI and Table Joins
• Perl, DBI, and CGI
• What We Didn’t Talk About
• Summary
• Exercises
• APPENDIX Exercise Solutions
• Chapter 1
• Chapter 2
• Chapter 3
• Chapter 4
• Chapter 5
• Chapter 6
• Chapter 7
• Chapter 8
• Chapter 9
• Chapter 10
• Chapter 11
• Chapter 13
• Chapter 14
• Chapter 15
• Index