Efnisyfirlit

• Cover
• Half Title
• Series
• Title
• Copyright
• Dedication
• Contents
• Preface
• About the 12th Edition of This Book
• Changes in the 12th Edition
• Digital Materials for Professors and Students: Test Questions, Practica, PowerPoint Slide Material, and Flashcards
• To the Student
• Acknowledgments
• Using This Book to Study for the Behavior Analysis Certification Board® Examinations
• Part I The Behavior Modification Approach
• Chapter 1 Introduction
• What Is Behavior?
• What Is Behavior Modification?
• What Is Behavioral Assessment?
• Historical Highlights of Behavior Modification
• Current Use of “Behavior Modification,” “Behavior Modifier,” and Related Terms
• Some Misconceptions About Behavior Modification
• The Approach of This Book
• Summary of Chapter 1
• Application Exercises
• Chapter 2 Areas of Application: An Overview
• Parenting and Child Management
• Education: From Preschool to University
• Developmental Disabilities
• Schizophrenia
• Psychological Problems Treated in Clinical Settings
• Self-Management of Personal Problems
• Medical and Health Care
• Gerontology
• Behavioral Community Psychology
• Business, Industry, and Government
• Behavioral Sport Psychology
• Behavior Modification With Diverse Populations
• Conclusion
• Summary of Chapter 2
• Application Exercises
• Chapter 3 Defining, Measuring, and Recording Target Behavior
• Minimal Phases of a Behavior Modification Program
• Indirect, Direct, and Experimental Behavioral Assessments
• Characteristics of Behavior for Direct Assessment
• Strategies for Recording Behavior
• Minimal Time Strategies for Measuring the Amount of Behavior
• Assessing the Accuracy of Observations
• Assessing the Accuracy of a Treatment
• Data! Data! Data! Why Bother?
• Summary of Chapter 3
• Application Exercises
• Chapter 4 Doing Behavior Modification Research
• The Reversal-Replication (ABAB) Design
• Multiple-Baseline Designs
• The Changing-Criterion Design
• Alternating-Treatments or Multielement Design
• Data Analysis and Interpretation
• Single-Subject versus Control-Group Designs
• Summary of Chapter 4
• Application Exercises
• Part II Basic Behavioral Principles and Procedures
• Chapter 5 Respondent (Classical, Pavlovian) Conditioning of Reflexive Behavior
• Behavioral Principles and Procedures
• Principle of Respondent Conditioning
• Higher-Order Conditioning
• Respondently Conditioned Responses
• Procedures for Eliminating a Conditioned Reflex
• Generalization and Discrimination of Respondent Behavior
• Applications of Respondent Conditioning and Extinction
• An Introduction to Operant Conditioning: Another Type of Learning
• Summary of Chapter 5
• Application Exercises
• Chapter 6 Increasing a Behavior With Positive Reinforcement
• Positive Reinforcement
• Factors Influencing the Effectiveness of Positive Reinforcement
• Pitfalls of Positive Reinforcement
• Guidelines for the Effective Application of Positive Reinforcement
• Summary of Chapter 6
• Application Exercises
• Chapter 7 Increasing Behavior With Conditioned Reinforcement
• Unconditioned and Conditioned Reinforcers
• Factors Influencing the Effectiveness of Conditioned Reinforcement
• Pitfalls of Conditioned Reinforcement
• Guidelines for the Effective Application of Conditioned Reinforcement
• Summary of Chapter 7
• Application Exercises
• Chapter 8 Decreasing a Behavior With Operant Extinction
• Operant Extinction
• Factors Influencing the Effectiveness of Operant Extinction
• Pitfalls of Operant Extinction
• Guidelines for the Effective Application of Operant Extinction
• Summary of Chapter 8
• Application Exercises
• Chapter 9 Getting a New Behavior to Occur With Shaping
• Shaping
• Factors Influencing the Effectiveness of Shaping
• Pitfalls of Shaping
• Guidelines for the Effective Application of Shaping
• Summary of Chapter 9
• Application Exercises
• Chapter 10 Developing Behavioral Persistence With Schedules of Reinforcement
• Some Definitions
• Ratio Schedules
• Simple Interval Schedules
• Schedules With a Limited Hold
• Duration Schedules
• Overview of Six Commonly Used Intermittent Reinforcement Schedules for Increasing and Maintaining Behavior
• Effects of Intermittent Reinforcement With Animals Versus Humans
• Concurrent Schedules of Reinforcement
• Pitfalls of Intermittent Reinforcement
• Guidelines for the Effective Application of Intermittent Reinforcement
• Summary of Chapter 10
• Application Exercises
• Chapter 11 Responding at the Right Time and Place: Operant Stimulus Discrimination and Stimulus Generalization
• Learning to Respond at the Right Time and Place
• Controlling Stimuli of Operant Behavior: SDs and S∆s
• Operant Stimulus Discrimination
• Operant Stimulus Generalization
• Factors Influencing the Effectiveness of Operant Stimulus Discrimination Training
• Pitfalls of Operant Stimulus Discrimination Training
• Guidelines for Effective Operant Stimulus Discrimination Training
• Summary of Chapter 11
• Application Exercises
• Chapter 12 Changing the Stimulus Control of a Behavior With Fading
• Fading
• Dimensions of Stimuli for Fading
• Factors Influencing the Effectiveness of Fading
• Fading Versus Shaping
• Pitfalls of Fading
• Guidelines for the Effective Application of Fading
• Summary of Chapter 12
• Application Exercises
• Chapter 13 Getting a New Sequence of Behaviors to Occur With Behavior Chaining
• Behavior Chaining
• Methods for Teaching a Behavioral Chain
• Chaining Compared With Fading and Shaping
• Factors Influencing the Effectiveness of Behavioral Chaining
• Pitfalls of Behavioral Chaining
• Guidelines for the Effective Application of Behavioral Chaining
• Summary of Chapter 13
• Application Exercises
• Chapter 14 Differential Reinforcement Procedures to Decrease Behavior
• Decreasing Operant Behavior
• Differential Reinforcement of Low Rates
• Differential Reinforcement of Zero Responding
• Differential Reinforcement of Incompatible Behavior
• Differential Reinforcement of Alternative Behavior
• Pitfalls of Differential Reinforcement Procedures for Decreasing Behavior
• Guidelines for the Effective Application of Differential Reinforcement to Decrease Behavior
• Summary of Chapter 14
• Application Exercises
• Chapter 15 Decreasing Behavior With Punishment
• The Principle of Punishment
• Types of Punisher
• Factors Influencing the Effectiveness of Punishment
• Some Examples of Therapeutic Punishment
• Potential Harmful Side Effects of Punishment
• Should Punishment Be Used?
• Pitfalls of Punishment
• Guidelines for the Effective Application of Punishment
• Summary of Chapter 15
• Application Exercises
• Chapter 16 Establishing Behavior by Escape and Avoidance Conditioning
• Escape Conditioning (Negative Reinforcement)
• Avoidance Conditioning
• Pitfalls of Escape and Avoidance Conditioning
• Guidelines for the Effective Application of Escape and Avoidance Conditioning
• Summary of Chapter 16
• Application Exercises
• Chapter 17 Respondent and Operant Conditioning Together
• Respondent and Operant Conditioning Compared
• Operant–Respondent Interactions
• Respondent and Operant Components of Emotions
• Respondent and Operant Components of Thinking
• Private Thoughts and Feelings: More Respondent-Operant Interactions
• Summary of Chapter 17
• Application Exercises
• Chapter 18 Transferring Behavior to New Settings and Making It Last: Programming of Generality of Behavior Change
• Generality
• Programming Generality of Operant Behavior
• Programming Generality of Respondent Behavior
• Pitfalls of Generality
• Guidelines for Programming Generality of Operant Behavior
• Summary of Chapter 18
• Application Exercises
• Part III Capitalizing on Operant Antecedent Control Procedures
• Chapter 19 Antecedent Control: Rules and Goals
• Antecedent Control of Operant Behavior
• Rules
• Goals
• Summary of Chapter 19
• Application Exercises
• Chapter 20 Antecedent Control: Modeling, Physical Guidance, and Situational Inducement
• Capitalizing on Existing Stimulus Control
• Modeling
• Physical Guidance
• Situational Inducement
• Summary of Chapter 20
• Application Exercises
• Chapter 21 Antecedent Control: Motivation
• A Traditional View of Motivation
• A Behavioral View of Motivation
• Some Applications of Motivating Operations
• Motivating Operations and Behavior Modification
• Summary of Chapter 21
• Application Exercises
• Part IV Putting It All Together to Develop Effective Behavioral Programs
• Chapter 22 Functional Assessment of Causes of Problem Behavior
• Functional Assessment Procedures
• Major Causes of Operant Problem Behaviors
• Respondent or Elicited Problem Behaviors
• Medical Causes of Problem Behaviors
• Guidelines for Conducting a Functional Assessment
• Summary of Chapter 22
• Application Exercises
• Chapter 23 Planning, Applying, and Evaluating a Behavioral Program
• Deciding Whether to Design a Program Following a Referral
• Selection and Implementation of a Pre-Program Assessment Procedure
• Strategies of Program Design
• Preliminary Implementation Considerations
• Implement the Program
• Program Maintenance and Evaluation
• Summary of Chapter 23
• Application Exercises
• Chapter 24 Token Economies
• A Token Economy
• Steps for Setting Up and Managing a Token Economy
• Generality Programming to the Natural Environment
• Contingency Management
• Ethical Considerations
• A Summary of Considerations Necessary in Designing a Token Economy
• Research on Token Economies
• Summary of Chapter 24
• Application Exercises
• Chapter 25 Helping an Individual to Develop Self-Control
• Causes of Self-Control Problems
• A Behavioral Model for Self-Control
• Steps in a Self-Control Program
• Circumvention of the Therapist
• Summary of Chapter 25
• Application Exercises
• Part V Behavior Therapy for Psychological Disorders
• Chapter 26 Behavioral Approaches to Psychotherapy: Cognitive Restructuring, Self-Directed Coping Methods, and Mindfulness and Acceptance Procedures
• Introduction to Behavioral Approaches to Psychotherapy
• A Behavioral Interpretation of Aspects of the Therapies in This Chapter
• Concluding Comments
• Summary of Chapter 26
• Application Exercises
• Chapter 27 Psychological Disorders Treated by Behavioral and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapies
• Specific Phobias
• Other Anxiety Disorders
• Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
• Depression
• Alcohol and Other Addictive Substance Use Disorders
• Eating Disorders
• Insomnia
• Couple Distress
• Sexual Dysfunction
• Habit Disorders
• Summary of Chapter 27
• Part VI A Historical Perspective and Ethical Issues
• Chapter 28 Giving It All Some Perspective: A Brief History
• The Pavlovian-Wolpean Orientation
• The Operant Conditioning Orientation: Applied Behavior Analysis
• Social Learning Theory
• Cognitive Behavior Therapy
• The Terms Behavior Modification, Behavior Therapy, Cognitive Behavior Modification, Cognitive Behavior Therapy, and Applied Behavior Analysis
• The Development of Behavior Modification Around the World
• The Future of Behavior Modification
• Summary of Chapter 28
• Chapter 29 Ethical Issues
• A Behavioral View of Ethics
• Arguments Against Deliberately Controlling Behavior
• Ethical Guidelines
• Summary of Chapter 29 and Conclusion
• Glossary
• References
• Author Index
• Subject Index