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• List of Figures and Tables
• Preface
• About the Authors
• Chapter 1 Introduction
• Key Concepts
• What Is Sociological Theory?
• Why Read Original Works?
• Navigating Sociological Theory: The Questions of “Order” and “Action”
• The Questions of Order and Action and the Opioid Epidemic
• The European Enlightenment
• The Industrial Revolution
• ▶ Significant Others—Auguste Comte (1798–1857): The Father of “Social Physics”
• Political and Religious Transformations
• The French Revolution
• Enlightenment Thinkers and the Questions of Order and Action
• The Limits of Enlightenment
• The Ins and Outs of the Sociological Theory “Canon”
• Contemporary Sociological Theory
• Discussion Questions
• Part I Foundations of Classical Sociological Theory
• Chapter 2 Karl Marx (1818–1883)
• Key Concepts
• A Biographical Sketch
• Intellectual Influences and Core Ideas
• ▶ Significant Others—Thorstein Veblen (1857–1929): The Leisure Class and Conspicuous Consumption
• Marx’s Theoretical Orientation
• ▶ Significant Others—Antonio Gramsci (1891–1937): Hegemony and the Ruling Ideas
• ▶ Readings
• Introduction to The German Ideology
• From The German Ideology (1845–1846)
• Introduction to Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844
• From Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844
• Introduction to The Communist Manifesto
• From The Communist Manifesto (1848)
• Introduction to Capital
• From Capital (1867)
• Discussion Questions
• Chapter 3 Émile Durkheim (1858–1917)
• Key Concepts
• A Biographical Sketch
• Intellectual Influences and Core Ideas
• ▶ Significant Others—Herbert Spencer (1820–1903): Survival of the Fittest
• Durkheim’s Theoretical Orientation
• ▶ Readings
• Introduction to The Division of Labor in Society
• From The Division of Labor in Society (1893)
• Introduction to The Rules of Sociological Method
• From The Rules of Sociological Method (1895)
• Introduction to Suicide: A Study in Sociology
• From Suicide: A Study in Sociology (1897)
• Introduction to The Elementary Forms of Religious Life
• From The Elementary Forms of Religious Life (1912)
• Discussion Questions
• Chapter 4 Max Weber (1864–1920)
• Key Concepts
• A Biographical Sketch
• Intellectual Influences and Core Ideas
• Sociology
• Of Nietzsche and Marx
• ▶ Significant Others—Friedrich Nietzsche (1844–1900): Is God Dead?
• ▶ Significant Others—Robert Michels (1876–1936): The Iron Law of Oligarchy
• Weber’s Theoretical Orientation
• ▶ Readings
• Introduction to The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism
• From The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism (1904)
• Introduction to “The Distribution of Power within the Political Community: Class, Status, Party”
• From “The Distribution of Power within the Political Community: Class, Status, Party” (1925)
• Introduction to “The Types of Legitimate Domination”
• From “The Types of Legitimate Domination” (1925)
• Introduction to “Bureaucracy”
• From “Bureaucracy” (1925)
• Discussion Questions
• Part II Classical Sociological Theory: Expanding the Foundation
• Chapter 5 Charlotte Perkins Gilman (1860–1935)
• Key Concepts
• A Biographical Sketch
• ▶ Significant Others—Harriet Martineau (1802–1876): The First Woman Sociologist
• Intellectual Influences and Core Ideas
• Gilman’s Theoretical Orientation
• ▶ Reading
• Introduction to Women and Economics
• From Women and Economics (1898)
• Discussion Questions
• Chapter 6 Georg Simmel (1858–1918)
• Key Concepts
• A Biographical Sketch
• Intellectual Influences and Core Ideas
• Society
• Sociology
• The Individual in Modern Society
• The Individual and Money
• ▶ Significant Others—Ferdinand Tönnies (1855–1936): Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft
• Simmel’s Theoretical Orientation
• ▶ Readings
• Introduction to “Exchange”
• From “Exchange” (1907)
• Introduction to “The Stranger”
• “The Stranger” (1908)
• Introduction to “The Metropolis and Mental Life”
• “The Metropolis and Mental Life” (1903)
• Discussion Questions
• Chapter 7 W. E. B. Du Bois (1868–1963)
• Key Concepts
• ▶ Significant Others—Anna Julia Cooper (1858–1964): A Voice from the South
• A Biographical Sketch
• Intellectual Influences and Core Ideas
• Du Bois’s Theoretical Orientation
• ▶ Readings
• Introduction to The Souls of Black Folk
• From The Souls of Black Folk (1903)
• Introduction to “The Souls of White Folk”
• From “The Souls of White Folk” (1920)
• Discussion Questions
• Chapter 8 George Herbert Mead (1863–1931)
• Key Concepts
• A Biographical Sketch
• Intellectual Influences and Core Ideas
• Pragmatism
• Behaviorism
• ▶ Significant Others—Charles Horton Cooley (1864–1929): The “Looking-Glass Self”
• Evolutionism
• ▶ Significant Others—William James (1842–1910): Consciousness and the Self
• Mead’s Theoretical Orientation
• ▶ Readings
• Introduction to “Mind”
• From “Mind” (1934)
• Introduction to “Self”
• From “Self” (1934)
• Discussion Questions
• Part III Twentieth-Century Sociological Traditions
• Chapter 9 Structural Functionalism
• Key Concepts
• Talcott C. Parsons (1902–1979): A Biographical Sketch
• ▶ Significant Others—C. Wright Mills (1916–1962): An American Critic
• Parsons’s Intellectual Influences and Core Ideas
• Action Systems and Social Systems
• The Pattern Variables
• AGIL
• Parsons’s Theoretical Orientation
• ▶ Readings
• Introduction to “Categories of the Orientation and Organization of Action”
• From “Categories of the Orientation and Organization of Action” (1951)
• Introduction to “An Outline of the Social System”
• From “An Outline of the Social System” (1961)
• Robert K. Merton (1910–2003): A Biographical Sketch
• Merton’s Intellectual Influences and Core Ideas
• Merton’s Theoretical Orientation
• ▶ Readings
• Introduction to “Manifest and Latent Functions”
• From “Manifest and Latent Functions” (1949)
• Introduction to “Social Structure and Anomie”
• From “Social Structure and Anomie” (1968)
• Discussion Questions
• Chapter 10 Critical Theory
• Key Concepts
• Theodor Adorno and Herbert Marcuse: Biographical Sketches
• Theodor Adorno (1903–1969)
• Herbert Marcuse (1898–1979)
• The Institute for Social Research
• Adorno’s and Marcuse’s Intellectual Influences and Core Ideas
• Marx, Weber, and the Revolution That Wasn’t
• ▶ Significant Others—Walter Benjamin (1892–1940): Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction
• Freud and the “Unhappy Consciousness”
• Adorno’s and Marcuse’s Theoretical Orientations
• ▶ Readings
• Introduction to Theodor Adorno’s “The Culture Industry Reconsidered”
• From “The Culture Industry Reconsidered” (1975)
• Introduction to Herbert Marcuse’s One-Dimensional Man
• From One-Dimensional Man (1964)
• Jürgen Habermas (1929– ): A Biographical Sketch
• Habermas’s Intellectual Influences and Core Ideas
• Lifeworld and System
• Habermas and Rational Action
• Faith in Reason: The Public Sphere and “New” Social Movements
• Habermas’s Theoretical Orientation
• ▶ Readings
• Introduction to “Civil Society, Public Opinion, and Communicative Power”
• From “Civil Society, Public Opinion, and Communicative Power” (1996)
• Introduction to “The Tasks of a Critical Theory of Society”
• From “The Tasks of a Critical Theory of Society” (1987)
• Patricia Hill Collins (1948– ): A Biographical Sketch
• Collins’s Intellectual Influences and Core Ideas
• Collins’s Theoretical Orientation
• ▶ Reading
• Introduction to Black Feminist Thought
• From Black Feminist Thought (1990)
• Discussion Questions
• Chapter 11 Exchange and Rational Choice Theories
• Key Concepts
• George C. Homans (1910–1989): A Biographical Sketch
• Homans’s Intellectual Influences and Core Ideas
• B. F. Skinner and Behavioral Psychology
• Classical Economics
• Homans’s Theoretical Orientation
• ▶ Reading
• Introduction to “Social Behavior as Exchange”
• From “Social Behavior as Exchange” (1958)
• Peter M. Blau (1918–2002): A Biographical Sketch
• Blau’s Intellectual Influences and Core Ideas
• Blau’s Theoretical Orientation
• ▶ Reading
• Introduction to Exchange and Power in Social Life
• From Exchange and Power in Social Life (1964)
• James S. Coleman (1926–1995): A Biographical Sketch
• Coleman’s Intellectual Influences and Core Ideas
• Trust and Norms
• The Free Rider
• ▶ Significant Others—Michael Hechter (1943– ): Rational Choice and Group Solidarity
• Coleman’s Theoretical Orientation
• ▶ Reading
• Introduction to “Social Capital in the Creation of Human Capital”
• From “Social Capital in the Creation of Human Capital” (1988)
• Discussion Questions
• Chapter 12 Symbolic Interactionism and Dramaturgy
• Key Concepts
• Symbolic Interactionism: An Overview
• ▶ Significant Others—Sheldon Stryker (1924– ) and Identity Theory
• Erving Goffman (1922–1982): A Biographical Sketch
• Goffman’s Intellectual Influences and Core Ideas
• Symbolic Interactionism: George Herbert Mead and William I. Thomas
• Social Anthropology: Émile Durkheim, A. R. Radcliffe-Brown, and W. Lloyd Warner
• Dramaturgy: A Synthesis
• Goffman’s Theoretical Orientation
• ▶ Readings
• Introduction to The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life
• From The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life (1959)
• Introduction to Asylums
• From Asylums (1961)
• Arlie Russell Hochschild (1940– ): A Biographical Sketch
• Hochschild’s Intellectual Influences and Core Ideas
• The Organismic Model
• The Interactional Model
• Goffman and Impression Management
• Hochschild’s Emotion-Management Model
• Hochschild’s Theoretical Orientation
• ▶ Reading
• Introduction to The Managed Heart
• From The Managed Heart (1983)
• Discussion Questions
• Chapter 13 Phenomenology
• Key Concepts
• Alfred Schutz (1899–1959): A Biographical Sketch
• Schutz’s Intellectual Influences and Core Ideas
• Schutz’s Theoretical Orientation
• ▶ Reading
• Introduction to The Phenomenology of the Social World
• From The Phenomenology of the Social World (1967)
• Peter L. Berger and Thomas Luckmann: Biographical Sketches
• Peter L. Berger (1929–2017)
• Thomas Luckmann (1927–2016)
• Berger and Luckmann’s Intellectual Influences and Core Ideas
• Berger and Luckmann’s Theoretical Orientation
• ▶ Reading
• Introduction to The Social Construction of Reality
• From The Social Construction of Reality (1966)
• Ethnomethodology: An Overview
• ▶ Significant Others—Harold Garfinkel (1917–2011): The Father of Ethnomethodology
• Dorothy E. Smith (1926– ): A Biographical Sketch
• Smith’s Intellectual Influences and Core Ideas
• Smith’s Theoretical Orientation
• ▶ Readings
• Introduction to Institutional Ethnography
• From Institutional Ethnography (2005)
• Introduction to The Everyday World as Problematic
• From The Everyday World as Problematic (1987)
• Discussion Questions
• Chapter 14 Poststructuralism
• Key Concepts
• Defining Poststructuralism
• Michel Foucault (1926–1984): A Biographical Sketch
• Foucault’s Intellectual Influences and Core Ideas
• Foucault’s Theoretical Orientation
• ▶ Reading
• Introduction to Discipline and Punish
• From Discipline and Punish (1977)
• Pierre Bourdieu (1930–2002): A Biographical Sketch
• Bourdieu’s Intellectual Influences and Core Ideas
• Habitus
• Social Reproduction
• Symbolic Struggles
• Bourdieu’s Theoretical Orientation
• ▶ Readings
• Introduction to “Social Space and the Genesis of Groups”
• From “Social Space and the Genesis of Groups” (1982)
• Introduction to “Outline of a Sociological Theory of Art Perception”
• From “Outline of a Sociological Theory of Art Perception” (1968)
• Edward Said (1935–2003): A Biographical Sketch
• Said’s Intellectual Influences and Core Ideas
• ▶ Significant Others—Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak (1942– ): Can the Subaltern Speak?
• ▶ Significant Others—Frantz Fanon (1925–1961): The Father of Postcolonial Studies
• Said’s Theoretical Orientation
• ▶ Reading
• Introduction to Orientalism
• From Orientalism (1978)
• Discussion Questions
• Chapter 15 Postmodernism
• Key Concepts
• Defining Postmodernism
• ▶ Significant Others—Jean-François Lyotard (1924–1998): The Postmodern Condition
• Jean Baudrillard (1929–2007): A Biographical Sketch
• Baudrillard’s Intellectual Influences and Core Ideas
• Baudrillard’s Theoretical Orientation
• ▶ Reading
• Introduction to Simulacra and Simulations
• From Simulacra and Simulations (1981)
• Judith Butler (1956– ): A Biographical Sketch
• Butler’s Intellectual Influences and Core Ideas
• Butler’s Theoretical Orientation
• ▶ Reading
• Introduction to Gender Trouble
• From Gender Trouble (1990)
• Discussion Questions
• Chapter 16 The Global Society
• Key Concepts
• Defining Globalization
• When, What, and Where?
• Immanuel Wallerstein (1930–2019): A Biographical Sketch
• Wallerstein’s Intellectual Influences and Core Ideas
• Wallerstein’s Theoretical Orientation
• ▶ Reading
• Introduction to “The Modern World-System as a Capitalist World-Economy: Production, Surplus Value, and Polarization”
• From “The Modern World-System as a Capitalist World-Economy: Production, Surplus Value, and Polarization” (2004)
• Anthony Giddens (1938– ): A Biographical Sketch
• Giddens’s Intellectual Influences and Core Ideas
• Structuration
• Modernity and Globalization
• Giddens’s Theoretical Orientation
• ▶ Reading
• Introduction to The Consequences of Modernity
• From The Consequences of Modernity (1990)
• Ulrich Beck (1944–2015): A Biographical Sketch
• Beck’s Intellectual Influences and Core Ideas
• Reflexive Modernization and the Risk Society
• A Path Forward
• Beck’s Theoretical Orientation
• ▶ Reading
• Introduction to “Climate for Change, or How to Create a Green Modernity?”
• “Climate for Change, or How to Create a Green Modernity?”
• George Ritzer (1940– ): A Biographical Sketch
• Ritzer’s Intellectual Influences and Core Ideas
• Ritzer’s Theoretical Orientation
• ▶ Reading
• Introduction to “Rethinking Globalization: Glocalization/Grobalization and Something/Nothing”
• From “Rethinking Globalization: Glocalization/Grobalization and Something/Nothing” (2003)
• Discussion Questions
• Glossary and Terminology
• References
• Index