Efnisyfirlit

• Half-title
• Title
• Copyright
• Contents
• Figures
• Tables
• Preface
• 1 Introduction: what is cognitive linguistics?
• PART I A conceptual approach to linguistic analysis
• 2 Frames, domains, spaces: the organization of conceptual structure
• 2.1 Arguments for frame semantics
• 2.2 Concepts: profile-frame organization
• 2.3 Some consequences of the profile-frame/domain distinction
• 2.4 Extensions of the basic profile-frame/domain distinction
• 2.4.1 Locational and configurational profiles
• 2.4.2 Scope of predication
• 2.4.3 Relationships between domains
• 2.5 Domains and idealized cognitive models
• 2.6 Mental spaces
• 3 Conceptualization and construal operations
• 3.1 Introduction
• 3.2 Attention/salience
• 3.2.1 Selection
• 3.2.2 Scope of attention (dominion)
• 3.2.3 Scalar adjustment
• 3.2.4 Dynamic attention
• 3.3 Judgement/comparison
• 3.3.1 Categorization
• 3.3.2 Metaphor
• 3.3.3 Figure-ground alignment
• 3.4 Perspective/situatedness
• 3.4.1 Viewpoint
• 3.4.2 Deixis
• 3.4.3 Subjectivity
• 3.5 Constitution/Gestalt
• 3.5.1 Structural schematization
• 3.5.2 Force dynamics
• 3.5.3 Relationality (entity/interconnection)
• 3.6 Conclusion
• 4 Categories, concepts and meanings
• 4.1 Introduction
• 4.2 The classical model of category structure
• 4.3 The prototype model of category structure
• 4.3.1 Graded centrality
• 4.3.2 The representation of conceptual categories
• 4.3.3 Levels of categorization
• 4.3.3.1 Basic level categories
• 4.3.3.2 Superordinate level categories
• 4.3.3.3 Subordinate level categories
• 4.3.4 Shortcomings of prototype theory
• 4.3.4.1 Simplistic nature of feature list
• 4.3.4.2 The ‘odd number paradox’
• 4.3.4.3 Problems with features
• 4.3.4.4 Contrasting categories
• 4.3.4.5 Boundaries in prototype theory
• 4.3.5 The frame-based account of prototype effects
• 4.4 A dynamic construal approach to conceptual categories
• 4.4.1 Category boundaries
• 4.4.2 Frames
• 4.4.3 Levels of categorization
• 4.5 The dynamic construal of meaning
• 4.5.1 Contextualized interpretation
• 4.5.2 Purport
• 4.5.3 Constraints
• 4.5.3.1 Human cognitive capacities
• 4.5.3.2 Nature of reality
• 4.5.3.3 Convention
• 4.5.3.4 Context
• 4.5.4 Construal
• 4.5.4.1 Chains of construal and pre-meanings
• 4.5.4.2 Default construals
• 4.6 Structural and logical aspects of meaning
• 4.7 Part I: Concluding remarks
• PART II Cognitive approaches to lexical semantics
• 5 Polysemy: the construal of sense boundaries
• 5.1 Introduction
• 5.2 Full sense boundaries
• 5.2.1 Homonymy and polysemy
• 5.2.2 Entrenchment
• 5.2.3 Boundary effects
• 5.2.3.1 Antagonism: attentional autonomy
• 5.2.3.2 Relational autonomy
• 5.2.3.3 Compositional autonomy
• 5.2.4 The nature of full sense units
• 5.3 Sub-sense units with near-sense properties
• 5.3.1 Facets
• 5.3.1.1 Introduction
• 5.3.1.2 Autonomy in facets
• 5.3.1.3 Unifying facets
• 5.3.1.4 Why are facets not full senses?
• 5.3.1.5 The novel problem
• 5.3.1.6 Near neighbors of facets
• 5.3.2 Microsenses
• 5.3.2.1 Why microsenses are not contextual modulations
• 5.3.2.2 Why microsenses are not full senses or facets
• 5.3.2.3 Microsenses and facets compared
• 5.3.2.4 A Langackerian explanation for microsense behavior
• 5.3.2.5 A ‘latency’ approach
• 5.3.3 Ways-of-seeing
• 5.3.4 Semantic components and low-autonomy active zones
• 5.3.5 Contextual modulation
• 5.4 Autonomy: summary
• 6 A dynamic construal approach to sense relations I: hyponymy and meronymy
• 6.1 Hyponymy
• 6.1.1 Introductory
• 6.1.2 Hyponymy and context
• 6.1.3 Relations between lexical items
• 6.1.4 Taxonymy
• 6.2 Lexical aspects of the part-whole relation
• 6.2.1 The part-whole relation
• 6.2.1.1 The portion-whole relation
• 6.2.1.2 Parts and pieces
• 6.2.1.3 Factors affecting the GOE of parts
• 6.2.1.4 Part-whole chains
• 6.2.1.5 Ultimate parts and ultimate wholes
• 6.2.1.6 Core parts
• 6.2.1.7 Variable construal and the transitivity of the part-whole relation
• 6.2.2 Meronymy
• 7 A dynamic construal approach to sense relations II: antonymy and complementarity
• 7.1 Oppositeness
• 7.1.1 Aspects of the construal of oppositeness
• 7.1.2 Main varieties of opposite
• 7.1.3 Goodness-of-exemplar in opposites
• 7.2 Complementarity
• 7.2.1 Gradable vs. non-gradable construal of properties
• 7.2.2 Profiling against domains
• 7.3 Antonymy
• 7.3.1 A survey of antonym types
• 7.3.1.1 Monoscalar and biscalar systems
• 7.3.1.2 Mapping of systems onto content domains
• 7.3.2 Monoscalar systems: polar antonyms
• 7.3.2.1 Subs, supras and the relative scale
• 7.3.2.2 The representation of subs and supras
• 7.3.2.3 The iconicity problem
• 7.3.2.4 Impartiality and committedness
• 7.3.2.5 The ‘Exposure’ Principle
• 7.3.3 Bi-scalar systems
• 7.3.3.1 Equipollent antonyms
• 7.3.3.2 Overlapping antonyms
• 7.4 Variable construal of antonyms and complementaries
• 7.4.1 Absolute vs. relative construal
• 7.4.2 Scale features
• 7.4.2.1 Direction of scale and number of scales
• 7.4.2.2 Effects of calibration
• 7.5 Conclusion
• 8 Metaphor
• 8.1 Figurative language
• 8.2 The conceptual theory of metaphor
• 8.2.1 Introduction
• 8.2.2 Issues in the conceptual theory of metaphor
• 8.3 Novel metaphor
• 8.3.1 The life history of a metaphor
• 8.3.2 How do we recognize metaphors?
• 8.3.3 Blending Theory and novel metaphors
• 8.3.4 Context sensitivity
• 8.3.5 Asymmetry of vehicle and target
• 8.4 Metaphor and simile
• 8.4.1 Two types of simile
• 8.4.2 Theories of the relation between simile and metaphor
• 8.4.2.1 Metaphors are implicit similes
• 8.4.2.2 Similes are implicit metaphors
• 8.4.2.3 Similes and metaphors are distinct
• 8.4.3 Metaphor-simile combinations
• 8.5 Metaphor and metonymy
• 8.5.1 Characterizing metonymy
• 8.5.2 Metaphor–metonymy relations
• 8.5.3 Types of indeterminacy
• 8.6 Conclusion
• PART III Cognitive approaches to grammatical form
• 9 From idioms to construction grammar
• 9.1 Introduction
• 9.2 The problem of idioms
• 9.3 Idioms as constructions
• 9.4 From constructions to construction grammar
• 10 An overview of construction grammars
• 10.1 Essentials of construction grammar theories
• 10.1.1 Grammatical representation: the anatomy of a construction
• 10.1.2 The organization of constructional knowledge
• 10.2 Some current theories of construction grammar
• 10.2.1 Construction Grammar (Fillmore, Kay et al.)
• 10.2.2 Lakoff (1987) and Goldberg (1995)
• 10.2.3 Cognitive Grammar as a construction grammar
• 10.2.4 Radical Construction Grammar
• 10.3 Conclusion
• 11 The usage-based model
• 11.1 Grammatical representation and process
• 11.2 The usage-based model in morphology
• 11.2.1 Entrenchment and representation of word forms
• 11.2.2 Regularity, productivity and default status
• 11.2.3 Product-oriented schemas
• 11.2.4 Network organization of word forms
• 11.2.5 Conclusion
• 11.3 The usage-based model in syntax
• 11.3.1 Type/token frequency, productivity and entrenchment
• 11.3.2 Product-oriented syntactic schemas
• 11.3.3 Relevance and the organization of construction networks
• 11.3.4 The acquisition of syntax and syntactic change
• 11.4 Conclusion
• 12 Conclusion: cognitive linguistics and beyond
• References
• Author index
• Subject index