Efnisyfirlit

• Contents
• Preface
• 1. Introduction
• 2. Research Reports: Journal Papers, Theses, and Internal Reports
• 2.1 Definition and Scope
• 2.2 Before Beginning to Write
• 2.2.1 Research question
• 2.2.2 Principal claims
• 2.2.3 Outline
• 2.2.4 Considering the reader
• 2.3 Overall Structure of the Research Paper
• 2.4 Introduction
• 2.4.1 Background: overall setting
• 2.4.2 Literature Review
• 2.4.2.1 Citation style
• 2.4.3 The Gap or the need for the present work
• 2.4.4 Statement of Purpose
• 2.4.5 Value Statement – justification of the present work (optional)
• 2.4.6 Preview (optional)
• 2.4.7 Compatibility of the Research Question, Gap Statement, Statement of Purpose and Conclusions
• 2.5 Methodology
• 2.5.1 How much detail is required?
• 2.5.2 Apparatus
• 2.5.2.1 Standard apparatus
• 2.5.2.2 Specially designed apparatus
• 2.5.3 Procedure
• 2.6 Results
• 2.6.1 Figures and tables
• 2.6.1.1 Numerical data – graph or table?
• 2.6.1.2 Tables
• 2.6.1.3 Graphs
• 2.6.1.4 Photographs and micrographs
• 2.6.1.5 Captions
• 2.6.2 Text
• 2.7 Theoretical Papers
• 2.7.1 Physical models
• 2.7.1.1 Model description
• 2.7.1.2 Equation derivation
• 2.7.1.3 Solution method
• 2.7.1.4 Results
• 2.7.2 Mathematical proofs
• 2.7.3 Nomenclature and symbols
• 2.8 Discussion
• 2.9 Conclusions
• 2.10 Abstract
• 2.11 Title
• 2.12 Authors
• 2.13 Abbreviated Research Reports
• 2.14 Review Papers
• For further reading
• 3. Submitting a Paper and the Review Process
• 3.1 Before Submitting a Paper: Ethical Issues
• 3.1.1 Scientific integrity
• 3.1.3 No copyright violations
• 3.1.4 No double publication
• 3.2 The Review and Publication Process
• 3.2.1 Submission
• 3.2.2 Reviewer selection
• 3.2.3 Editorial decision and the author’s response
• 3.2.3.1 Acceptance with revisions
• 3.2.3.2 Rejection
• 3.2.4 Editor’s response to the revised paper
• 3.2.5 Technical matters
• 3.3 Reviewing a Paper
• 3.3.1 Questionnaire
• 3.3.2 Free-form evaluation
• 3.3.3 Marked-up manuscript file
• 3.3.4 Cover letter
• 3.4 Evolution of Scientific Publication
• 4. Conference Presentations: Lectures and Posters
• 4.1 Definition and Scope
• 4.2 Lectures
• 4.2.1 The lecture scenario
• 4.2.2 Lecture preparation
• 4.2.2.1 Selecting and organizing the material
• 4.2.2.2 Graphics
• 4.2.2.3 Rehearsal
• 4.2.2.4 Fine-tuning
• 4.2.3 Lecture delivery
• 4.3 Posters
• 4.3.1 Poster preparation
• 4.3.2 Poster presentation
• 4.4 Conference Conduct
• 4.5 Organizing a Conference
• 4.5.1 Scientific team and program
• 4.5.2 Early planning and publicity
• 4.5.3 Briefing
• 4.5.4 Auditorium
• 4.5.5 Poster sessions
• 4.5.6 Food service
• 4.5.7 Encouraging informal information exchange
• For further reading
• 5. Research Proposals
• 5.1 Introduction
• 5.2 The Grantor
• 5.2.1 Is the research topic worthy of study?
• 5.2.2 What is the probability of success?
• 5.2.3 What resources are required?
• 5.3 Organization of the Research Proposal
• 5.3.1 Abstract
• 5.3.2 Subject Area
• 5.3.3 Scientific or Technological Background
• 5.3.4 Objective
• 5.3.5 Expected Results and their Significance
• 5.3.6 Methodology
• 5.3.7 Work Plan
• 5.3.8 Resources
• 5.3.9 References
• 5.3.10 Budget
• 5.3.11 CV’s of key personnel
• 5.3.12 Letters of cooperation
• 5.4 Evaluation of Research Proposals
• For further reading
• 6. Business Plans
• 6.1 Introduction
• 6.2 The Reader
• 6.3 Business Plan Structure
• 6.3.1 Executive Summary
• 6.3.2 Company Description
• 6.3.2.1 Overall Company Description
• 6.3.2.2 Key Personnel
• 6.3.2.3 Current Business Activities
• 6.3.2.4 Core Competencies
• 6.3.3 Products and Services
• 6.3.4 The Market
• 6.3.5 Marketing and Production Strategy
• 6.3.6 Operational Plan
• 6.3.7 Management and Organization
• 6.3.8 Financial Plan
• 6.3.9 Appendices
• 6.4 Common Problems
• 6.5 Summary
• For further reading
• 7. Patents
• 7.1 Introduction
• 7.1.1 What is a Patent and why apply for one?
• 7.1.2 Requirements for obtaining a patent
• 7.1.2.1 Invention
• 7.1.2.2 Reduced to practice
• 7.1.2.3 Novelty
• 7.1.2.4 Not obvious
• 7.1.2.5 Utility
• 7.1.2.6 Effectiveness
• 7.1.3 Types of Patents and Patent Applications
• 7.2 Structure of the Patent Application
• 7.2.1 Preliminary Information
• 7.2.2 Specification
• 7.2.2.1 Review of the Prior Art
• 7.2.2.2 Need for the Invention
• 7.2.2.3 Brief Description of the Invention
• 7.2.2.4 Brief Description of the Drawings
• 7.2.2.5 Detailed Description of the Invention
• 7.2.2.6 Embodiments
• 7.2.2.7 Mechanism of Action
• 7.2.2.8 Disclaimer
• 7.2.3 Claims
• 7.2.4 Drawings
• 7.3 Processing of a Patent Application
• 7.4 Summary
• For further reading
• 8. Reports in the Popular Media
• 8.1 Publicizing Science and Technology in the Popular Media
• 8.2 Types of Popular Media Reports
• 8.3 Suggestions for Communicating with the General Public
• 8.3.1 General guidelines
• 8.3.2 Articles in trade journals
• 8.3.3 Articles in popular scientific magazines
• 8.3.4 Newspaper articles and press releases
• 8.3.5 Interviews
• 8.3.6 Websites
• For further reading
• 9. Correspondence and Job-Hunting
• 9.1 Business Letters
• 9.1.1 Letterhead
• 9.1.2 Date
• 9.1.3 Reference numbers
• 9.1.4 Inside address
• 9.1.5 Subject
• 9.1.6 Salutation
• 9.1.7 Body
• 9.1.8 Signature
• 9.2 Electronic Correspondence: Fax and E-mail
• 9.3 Résumés, Curricula Vitae, and other Job Hunting Documents
• 9.3.1 Résumés — additional items
• 9.3.2 Curricula Vitae — additional items
• 9.3.3 Additional documents for tenure track academic positions
• 9.4 Some Suggestions for Job Hunting
• 9.4.1 Career planning
• 9.4.2 Goals, realistic expectations and viable alternatives
• 9.4.3 Research prospective employers
• 9.4.4 Use contacts
• 9.4.5 Tailor your pitch for the specific job
• 9.4.6 Interviewing well
• For further reading
• 10. Writing Well: Organization, Grammar and Style
• 10.1 Writing Discipline
• 10.1.1 Begin to write and then keep going
• 10.1.2 Organizing materials
• 10.1.2.1 Document naming and tracking
• 10.1.2.2 Backups
• 10.1.2.3 Versions and collaborators
• 10.1.2.4 Hard copy storage
• 10.1.3 Word-processor tools
• 10.2 Composition
• 10.2.1 Hierarchical structure
• 10.2.2 The paragraph
• 10.2.3 The Sentence
• 10.2.3.1 Use the natural English word order
• 10.2.3.2 Construct complete sentences
• 10.2.3.3 Use natural verb forms
• 10.2.3.4 Focus on the main thought
• 10.2.3.5 Use only necessary words
• 10.2.3.6 Be precise
• 10.2.3.7 Compact the text by using compound sentences
• 10.2.3.8 Use similar constructions to express similar situations
• 10.2.3.9 Use consistent terminology
• 10.2.3.10 Use sentence structure to improve paragraph flow
• 10.2.3.11 Habitually improve sentences
• 10.3 Choosing your Words
• 10.3.1 Verbs
• 10.3.1.1 Verb tenses
• 10.3.1.2 Verb voice
• 10.3.1.3 Number
• 10.3.1.4 Commonly used verbs in the physical sciences
• 10.3.2 Nouns and noun phrases
• 10.3.3 Pronouns and demonstratives
• 10.3.4 Articles — use of a, an and the
• 10.3.5 Adjectives
• 10.3.6 Adverbs
• 10.3.7 Conjunctions
• 10.3.8 Sentence connectors
• 10.3.9 Prepositions
• 10.3.9.1 Spatial Prepositions commonly used in scientific writing
• 10.3.9.2 Temporal Prepositions commonly used in scientific writing
• 10.3.9.3 Other Prepositions
• 10.3.10 Commonly confused words
• 10.3.11 Abbreviations & acronyms
• 10.3.12 Punctuation
• 10.3.13 Capitalization
• 10.3.14 Mathematical grammar
• 10.4 Especially (but not just) for non-native speakers
• 10.4.1 Learning by imitation
• 10.4.2 Dictionary use
• 10.4.3 Keeping it simple
• 10.4.4 Finding and working with a mentor
• For further reading
• Index