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• Cover
• Half-title
• Series-title
• Title
• Copyright
• Dedication
• Contents
• Contributors
• Preface and Acknowledgments
• 1 Paradigms and Pragmatism: Comparative Politics during the Past Decade
• Introduction
• The chapters
• The Messy Center: Big-Picture Pragmatism
• Pushing against the Mainstream: Culture and Constructivism
• Fortifying the Center: Research Paradigms and Causal Analysis
• Fortifying the Center: Linking Structure and Action and Exploring Causal Patterns
• The Future of the Center: Constructivism and Causality
• Final words
• 2 Thinking and Working in the Midst of Things: Discovery, Explanation, and Evidence in Comparative P
• Introduction
• Claim: Comparative Politics as Chemistry and Physics
• Counterclaim: Comparative Politics as Literature and Art
• Origins of the present crisis of understanding
• The First Attempt to Creatively Deepen Variable Analysis Was the Search for Paradigms
• Discover a difficulty
• Discovery = Big Problems
• Discovery = Thorny Puzzles
• Discovery = Core Difficulty
• Suggest an explanation
• Explanation = Big Concepts
• Explanation = Mechanisms
• Explanation = Institutions
• Explanation = Middle-Range Causal Arguments
• Provide some evidence
• Evidence = Stylized Facts
• Evidence = Designs for Establishing Causality
• Evidence = Analytic Narratives
• Multiple Paradigms: Deadening Metaphysics or Vitalizing Frictions?
• Deadening Metaphysics
• Vitalizing Frictions
• Comparative comparativists: paradigmatic and pragmatic
• 3 Advancing Explanation in Comparative Politics: Social Mechanisms, Endogenous Processes, and Empiri
• Explanations in comparative politics
• Explanations with social mechanisms
• From optimization and selfishness to bounded rationality, heuristics, and social learning
• From exogenous to endogenous preferences and identities
• Social learning as an instrumental choice and as a social process
• Social mechanisms in recent research in comparative politics: partisanship and voting
• Social mechanisms in recent research in comparative politics: political violence
• Applying social mechanisms in empirical analysis
• An application to partisanship
• An application to political violence
• Social mechanisms and rigorous empirical analysis in alternative modes of explanation in comparative
• Conclusions and implications
• 4 Strong Theory, Complex History: Structure and Configuration in Comparative Politics Revisited
• I
• II
• III
• IV
• 5 Reconsiderations of Rational Choice in Comparative and Historical Analysis
• A methodologial shift
• The model of rational choice: Neither neoclassical economics nor public choice
• Influences
• Comparative and Historical Rational Choice
• The limits and possibilities of comparative rational choice
• Reconsidering the Behavioral Assumption
• Power
• Conclusion
• 6 Culture in Comparative Political Analysis
• Introduction
• Culture and cultural analyses of politics
• The centrality of psychocultural narratives and interpretations in cultural analyses of politics
• Psychocultural Narratives and Interpretations
• Cultural Expressions and Enactments
• Interpretations and Narratives as Methodological Tools
• Two Examples
• Critique of cultural analyses of politics
• Unit-of-Analysis Issues
• Within-Culture Variation Can Be Substantial
• Distinguishing Culture from Other Concepts
• Culture and Change
• Mechanisms Underlying Cultural Explanations
• Cultural Explanations Are “Just-So” Stories and Not Causal Accounts
• Conclusion: Linking culture to choice and institutions
• 7 Researching the State
• Introduction
• The difficulty in comparing states
• Image and practices: the tension of a singular template and multiple dynamics
• The Image of the State: The Two Faces of Domination and Allegiance
• The Practices of the State: The Growing Diversity of States in the Twentieth Century
• New approaches to the comparative study of states
• Political Trajectories
• Integrated Comparative Analysis
• Toward a multilayered, multiparadigm analysis of states
• 8 An Approach to Comparative Analysis or a Subfield within a Subfield?: Political Economy
• Introduction – and a few caveats
• Political economy: what it was and how it (unexpectedly) came about
• The (Unexpected) Rebirth of Political Economy
• Interests, institutions, and ideas as explanatory alternatives
• Concepts and Questions
• Interest-Based Political Economy: Origins
• Institutional Political Economy: Origins
• Constructivist Political Economy: Origins
• Extensions of interest-based political economy
• Trade, Mobility, and Politics
• Assets, Skills, and Compensation
• Interest-Based Theories: Strengths and Weaknesses
• Developments in institutional political economy
• Chosen Structures That Structure Choices?
• Non-Game-Theoretic Extensions: The Developmental State Literature
• Institutionalist political economy: strengths and weaknesses
• Beyond coalitions and institutions: ideational political economy
• Ideas as Resources and Conventions
• Ideas as Governance Technologies
• Ideational Political Economy: Strengths and Weaknesses
• The Link Not Made? Rational Choice Theory and Political Economy
• Conclusions: comparing approaches and the question of boundaries
• 9 The Global Context of Comparative Politics
• Structure, rationality, and culture in domestic-international linkages
• Structure
• Rationality
• Culture
• Hybrids (“Paradigm Busters”)
• Domestic-international linkages and the comparative politics of east asia and the middle east
• The Sources of Competing Models of Political Survival
• Structural Sources
• Rational Sources
• Culture
• The Consequences of Models of Political Survival
• Structural Consequences
• Rationality
• Culture
• Conclusions
• 10 Comparative Perspectives on Contentious Politics
• Common properties of contentious politics
• Interactions, Claims, and Governments
• Proximate Effects
• Political Opportunity Structures
• Formation of Collective Actors
• Performances and Repertoires
• The evolution of the field
• The Political Process Approach
• Skocpol on Revolutions
• Rational Choice and Resource Mobilization
• McCarthy and Zald Focus on Social Movement Organizations
• The Construction of Contention
• Scott Takes Constructivism South
• Searches for Synthesis
• Mechanisms and processes of contention
• Mobilization: A Cluster of Mechanisms
• Demobilization: A Different Cluster of Mechanisms
• Two distinctive forms of contentious politics
• Social Movements
• Capacity and Contention
• From Nondemocracy to Democracy
• Special-Purpose Associations
• Lethal Conflicts and Civil Wars
• Contentious politics and comparative politics
• Extending Scope Conditions in China
• Transitions between Forms of Contention
• Transnational Contention and Global Social Movements
• Open questions in the study of contentious politics
• Episodes versus Discrete Forms of Conflict
• The Methodological Conundrum
• Ethnographic Fieldwork
• Naturalistic Experiments
• Nonmainstream Quantitative Analysis
• Where next?
• 11 Citizenship in Democratic Politics: Density Dependence and the Micro-Macro Divide
• Introduction and overview
• Patterns of interdependence in the study of comparative politics
• Levels of meaning in the study of democratic politics
• Ecological fallacies, individualistic fallacies, and the problem of interdependence
• Comparative politics as a general case of multilevel analysis
• Data problems and exemplary efforts
• Social networks as the connecting tissue between individuals and aggregates
• Implications for comparative analysis
• The micro-macro divide in political capacity
• Implications for alternative visions of politics
• Cultural Theories
• Structural Theories
• Rational Actor Theories
• A comparative vision of democratic politics and the vote: a reprise
• Conclusion: the importance of specific patterns of social relations
• 12 Nested Citizens: Macropolitics and Microbehavior in Comparative Politics
• Mixed ancestry: origins of research on comparative mass politics
• The pieces of the puzzle: multilevel models in comparative research on mass politics
• Some examples: representational structures and voter behavior
• The ties that could bind: nested citizens and structuralists, rationalists, and culturalists
• Some last words: looking for a grand theory of multilevel politics?
• 13 Back to the Future: Endogenous Institutions and Comparative Politics
• Starting with a stylized fact: electoral rules and the welfare state
• Causal mechanisms
• Empirical attempts to illuminate mechanisms
• The endogeneity problem
• Empirical strategies to confront endogeneity
• Econometric Analysis
• Analytical History
• Natural Experiments
• Field Experiments
• Conclusions
• 14 The Comparative Political Economy of the Welfare State
• The structural determinants of social spending: the role of economic development
• Openness
• The Systematic Clustering of Policies: Accounting for Cross-National Differences among Welfare State
• Welfare Regimes in Developing Countries
• Stability and change in social policies
• Conclusion
• 15 Making Causal Claims about the Effect of “Ethnicity”
• The properties of ethnic identity assumed by causal claims about ethnic identity
• Why making reasonable causal claims about the effect of ethnic identity requires a definition
• What is an ethnic identity?
• Justification
• Comparison with other definitions
• Properties of ethnic identity categories
• Constrained Change
• Visibility
• The weak presumption that ethnicity matters in our causal claims
• How to construct causal claims with stronger priors
• Disaggregating Ethnicity
• Making Claims Based on Intrinsic Properties
• Making Claims about Distributions, Not Dichotomies
• References
• Author Index
• Subject Index