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• Cover image
• Title page
• Table of Contents
• Copyright
• Dedication
• Contributors
• Reviewers
• Foreword
• Preface to the Fourth Edition
• Acknowledgments
• 1. Computed Tomography: An Overview
• Meaning
• Process
• How CT Scanners Work
• Historical Perspectives
• Applications of Volume Scanning
• Major Technology Trends
• CT Scanner Product Data: Characteristic Features
• Digital Image Processing
• 2. Digital Image Processing
• Limitations of Film-Based Imaging
• Generic Digital Imaging System
• Historical Perspectives
• Image Formation and Representation
• What is Digital Image Processing?
• Characteristics of the Digital Image
• Image Digitization
• Image Compression Overview
• Image Synthesis Overview
• Image-Processing Hardware
• CT as a Digital Image-Processing System
• Image Processing: An Essential Tool for CT
• 3. Physical Principles of Computed Tomography
• Limitations of Radiography and Tomography
• Physical Principles
• Technological Considerations
• Advantages and Limitations of CT
• 4. Data Acquisition Concepts
• Basic Scheme for Data Acquisition
• Data Acquisition Geometries
• Slip-Ring Technology
• X-Ray System
• CT Detector Technology
• Detector Electronics
• Data Acquisition and Sampling
• 5. Image Reconstruction
• Basic Principles
• Image Reconstruction from Projections
• Reconstruction Algorithms
• Types of Data
• Image Reconstruction in Single-Slice Spiral/Helical CT
• Image Reconstruction in Multislice Spiral/Helical CT
• Cone-Beam Algorithms for Multislice CT Scanners
• An Overview of Three-Dimensional Reconstruction Techniques
• 6. Iterative Reconstruction Basics
• Assumptions Made to Derive the FBP Algorithm
• Noise Reduction Techniques
• IR Algorithms without Modeling: Fundamental Concepts
• Modeling Approaches in IR Algorithms: An Overview
• Examples of IR Algorithms
• Performance Evaluation Studies of IR Algorithms
• Conclusion: A Noteworthy Perspective
• 7. Basic Instrumentation
• Computer Systems
• Software Concepts
• Computer Architectures and Processing Operations
• CT Scanner—Basic Equipment Configuration
• Imaging System
• CT Computer and Image-Processing System
• Image Display, Storage, Recording, and Communications
• CT and Picture Archiving and Communications Systems
• CT Control Console
• Options and Accessories for CT Systems
• Other Considerations
• 8. Image Postprocessing and Visualization Tools
• Image Postprocessing
• Windowing
• Two-Dimensional Image Processing: CT Image Reformatting Techniques
• Three-Dimensional Image Processing
• Visualization Tools
• Advanced Visualization and Analysis Workstations
• 9. Image Quality
• Spatial Resolution
• Low-Contrast Resolution
• Temporal Resolution
• CT Number Accuracy and Uniformity
• Noise
• Image Artifact
• Quality Control
• 10. Radiation Dose in Computed Tomography
• CT Use and Dose Trends
• Radiation Quantities and their Units
• Radiation Bioeffects
• Patient Exposure Patterns in Radiography and CT
• CT Scanner X-Ray Beam Geometry
• CT Dosimetry Concepts
• Factors Affecting Dose in CT
• Automatic Tube Current Modulation
• Iterative Reconstruction Algorithms
• Image Quality and Dose: Operator Considerations
• CT Dose Optimization
• Radiation Protection Considerations
• CT Dose Index Registry
• Image Wisely and Image Gently
• 11. Multislice Computed Tomography: Physical Principles and Instrumentation
• SSCT: Historical Background
• Conventional Slice-by-Slice CT Scanning
• Principles of SSCT Scanners
• Instrumentation
• Basic Scan Parameters
• Limitations of SSCT Scanners
• Evolution of Multislice CT Scanners
• Physical Principles
• Instrumentation
• Isotropic Imaging
• Image Quality Considerations
• Beyond 64-Slice MSCT Scanners: Four-Dimensional Imaging
• Beyond Single-Source Multislice CT Scanners: Dual-Source CT Scanner
• Advantages of MSCT
• Technical Applications
• Clinical Applications
• 12. Other Technical Applications of Computed Tomography Imaging: Basic Principles
• Cardiac CT Imaging
• CT Angiography: A Technical Overview
• CT Fluoroscopy
• Applications in Radiation Therapy: CT Simulation
• Medical Image Fusion Overview
• Flat-Detector CT
• Breast CT Imaging
• CT Screening
• Quantitative CT
• Portable Multislice CT Imaging
• 13. Three-Dimensional Computed Tomography: Basic Concepts
• Rationale
• History
• Fundamental Three-Dimensional Concepts
• Classification of Three-Dimensional Imaging Approaches
• Generic Three-Dimensional Imaging System
• Technical Aspects of Three-Dimensional Imaging in Radiology
• Rendering Techniques
• Editing the Volume Dataset
• Equipment
• Clinical Applications of Three-Dimensional Imaging
• Future of Three-Dimensional Imaging
• Virtual Reality Imaging: Technical Considerations
• Applications of Virtual Endoscopy
• Advantages and Limitations
• Software for Interactive Image Assessment
• Flight Path Planning
• Future of CT Virtual Endoscopy
• Role of the Radiologic Technologist
• 14. Positron Emission Tomography/CT (PET/CT) and Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography/CT (SPECT/CT) Hybrid Scanners
• Principles of Pet Imaging
• Principles of Spect Imaging
• Summary
• 15. Computed Tomography of the Head, Cerebral Vessels, Neck, and Spine
• Indications
• Role of CT Compared with Other Imaging Modalities
• Sectional Anatomy: A Review
• Patient Preparation
• Positioning
• Scanning Protocols
• Radiographic Technique
• Contrast Media Usage
• 16. Computed Tomography of the Body
• Clinical Indications
• Examination Preparation
• Scanning Protocols
• 17. Pediatric Computed Tomography
• Multidetector CT
• Role of the CT Technologist
• CT of the Head, Neck, and Spine
• CT of the Chest and Abdomen
• Musculoskeletal CT
• CT Angiography
• 18. Quality Control for Computed Tomography Scanners
• What is Quality Control?
• Why Quality Control?
• Three Tenets of Quality Control
• Quality Control Tests for CT Scanners
• Appendix A. Spiral Versus Helical Spiral or helical CT: right or wrong?
• Appendix B. Cardiac Computed Tomography: Essential Technical Considerations
• Answers to Review Questions
• Glossary
• Index