Efnisyfirlit

• Half-title
• Title page
• Copyright information
• Contents
• Table of cases
• Table of statutes
• Acknowledgments
• Part I Introduction
• 1 Some basic questions
• 1.1 Overview
• 1.2 What is a contract?
• 1.3 The relevance of contracts in market societies
• 1.4 The functions of contract law
• 1.5 The origins, development, and sources of Australian contract law
• 1.6 International perspectives
• 1.7 Review
• 2 Themes and perspectives
• 2.1 Overview
• 2.2 Contract in practice: inequality of bargaining powers and the (ir)relevance of contract law
• 2.3 Post-classical and contemporary developments in (Australian) contract law
• 2.4 International perspectives
• 2.5 Review
• Tips for applying the law in practice
• Research question
• 3 Resolving contractual disputes
• 3.1 Overview
• 3.2 Self-help/agreement
• 3.3 Assisted dispute resolution
• 3.4 Taking disputes to court
• 3.5 Choice of law
• 3.6 International perspectives
• 3.7 Review
• Tips for applying the law in practice
• Research question
• Part II Making a contract
• 4 Preparing to make a contract
• 4.1 Overview
• 4.2 Preparing and settling the terms
• 4.3 Pre-contractual obligations to disclose information
• 4.4 Anticipated contracts that fail to materialise
• 4.5 International perspectives
• 4.6 Review
• Tips for applying the law in practice
• Problem questions
• Research questions
• 5 Formation
• 5.1 Overview
• 5.2 Intention to create legal relations
• 5.2.1 Determining intention
• 5.3 Establishing agreement
• 5.3.1 Offer
• 5.4 Acceptance
• 5.5 Conditional contracts
• 5.6 Consideration
• 5.7 Certainty and completeness
• 5.8 Capacity
• 5.8.1 Minors
• 5.8.2 Mental incapacity
• 5.9 Formalities
• 5.9.1 Contracts relating to land
• 5.9.2 Contracts of guarantee
• 5.9.3 Consumer contracts
• 5.10 International perspectives
• 5.11 Review
• Tips for applying the law in practice
• Problem questions
• Research question
• 6 Preliminary agreements
• 6.1 Overview
• 6.2 Intention and completeness of terms
• 6.3 Agreements to agree
• 6.4 Agreements to negotiate
• 6.5 International perspectives
• 6.6 Review
• Tips for applying the law in practice
• Problem question
• Research question
• 7 Protecting reliance: The doctrine of estoppel
• 7.1 Overview
• 7.2 Elements of equitable estoppel
• 7.3 Measure of relief
• 7.4 International perspectives
• 7.4.1 CISG
• 7.4.2 Unidroit Principles
• 7.5 Review
• Tips for applying the law in practice
• Problem questions
• Research questions
• 8 The parties to a contract
• 8.1 Overview
• 8.2 Identifying the parties
• 8.3 Benefits conferred on third parties
• 8.4 Avoiding privity through agency arrangements
• 8.5 Statutory reform of the privity rule
• 8.5.1 Australia
• 8.5.2 Overseas
• 8.6 International perspectives
• 8.6.1 Unidroit Principles
• 8.7 Review
• Tips for applying the law in practice
• Problem questions
• Research question
• Part III Contractual obligations
• 9 Terms and obligations
• 9.1 Overview
• 9.2 Incorporation of written terms
• 9.2.1 Types of incorporation
• 9.2.2 Signed acceptance
• 9.2.3 Is electronic acceptance a signature?
• 9.2.4 Reasonable notice
• 9.2.5 Onerous or unusual terms
• 9.2.6 Prior course of dealing
• 9.3 Treating pre-contractual statements as express terms
• 9.3.1 Determining the status of pre-contractual statements
• 9.3.2 Warranty or representation?
• 9.3.3 The parol evidence rule
• 9.3.4 Collateral contracts
• 9.4 Terms implied in fact
• 9.4.1 The tests for implication in fact
• 9.4.2 Establishing necessity
• 9.5 Terms implied by custom and practice
• 9.5.1 Establishing custom and practice
• 9.6 Terms implied by law
• 9.6.1 Implied terms as default rules
• 9.7 Statutory obligations for the supply of goods and services
• 9.7.1 Terms implied by statute
• 9.7.2 A different approach: consumer guarantees
• 9.8 International perspectives
• 9.8.1 Incorporation of terms: CISG and Unidroit Principles
• 9.8.2 Statutorily implied terms and the CISG
• 9.9 Review
• Tips for applying the law in practice
• Problem questions
• Research questions
• 10 Interpreting contracts
• 10.1 Overview
• 10.2 How courts ascertain meaning
• 10.2.1 The objective approach
• 10.3 Admissible evidence in interpretation disputes
• 10.3.1 The parol evidence rule and its effect on interpretation
• 10.3.2 Exceptions to the parol evidence rule
• 10.3.3 The rise of ‘commercial construction’
• 10.3.4 The relevance of surrounding circumstances
• 10.3.5 Codelfa and the ‘true rule’
• 10.3.6 Royal Botanic and the High Court’s puzzle
• 10.3.7 A ‘gateway’ requirement for surrounding circumstances evidence?
• 10.3.8 Post-contractual conduct
• 10.3.9 Admissible evidence: the position summarised
• 10.4 Principles of interpretation
• 10.4.1 The canons of construction
• 10.4.2 Considering the whole of the contract
• 10.4.3 Absurdity and unlikelihood
• 10.4.4 Resolving ambiguities
• 10.4.5 Other maxims
• 10.5 International perspectives
• 10.5.1 CISG-contractual interpretation
• 10.5.2 Unidroit Principles: contractual interpretation
• 10.6 Review
• Tips for applying the law in practice
• Problem question
• Research question
• 11 Limiting or extending liability
• 11.1 Overview
• 11.2 Exemption clauses
• 11.3 Interpreting and applying exemption clauses
• 11.3.1 Excluding liability for negligence
• 11.4 Statutory controls on exemption clauses
• 11.5 Guarantees
• 11.6 Indemnities
• 11.7 International perspectives
• 11.8 Review
• Tips for applying the law in practice
• Problem question
• Research question
• 12 Performance of contractual obligations
• 12.1 Overview
• 12.2 Time of performance
• 12.3 Order and completeness of performance
• 12.3.1 Entire contracts
• 12.3.2 Divisible contracts
• 12.3.3 Apportionment legislation
• 12.3.4 Partial performance
• 12.3.5 The doctrine of substantial performance
• 12.4 Co-operation and good faith
• 12.4.1 The duty of co-operation
• 12.4.2 The requirement of good faith
• 12.5 International perspectives
• 12.5.1 Concurrency of obligations, time for performance, cure and Nachfrist
• 12.5.2 Obligation to perform with remedies of damages and price reduction
• 12.5.3 The right to suspend performance
• 12.5.4 Good faith in performance
• 12.6 Review
• Tips for applying the law in practice
• Problem question
• Research question
• Part IV Adjusting a contract
• 13 Varying terms
• 13.1 Overview
• 13.2 How a contract can be varied
• 13.2.1 Methods of variation
• 13.3 The requirement for fresh consideration
• 13.3.1 Performance of an existing legal duty: a history
• 13.3.2 Contractual modification and the concept of practical benefit
• 13.3.3 Practical benefit in Australia
• 13.3.4 Part-payment of debts: the rule in Foakes v Beer
• 13.4 Statutory powers of variation
• 13.4.1 Key examples of statutory variation powers
• 13.5 International perspectives
• 13.6 Review
• Tips for applying the law in practice
• Problem questions
• Research questions
• 14 Transferring rights and obligations
• 14.1 Overview
• 14.2 Assignment of contractual rights
• 14.2.1 The use of assignments
• 14.2.2 How contractual rights can be assigned
• 14.2.3 Rights that cannot be assigned
• 14.2.4 Transferring responsibility for performance
• 14.3 International perspectives
• 14.4 Review
• Tips for applying the law in practice
• Problem question
• Research questions
• 15 Impossibility and change in circumstances
• 15.1 Overview
• 15.2 Frustration
• 15.2.1 The impact of post-contractual changes
• 15.2.2 Absolute obligations and the doctrine of frustration
• 15.2.3 The consequences of frustration
• 15.2.4 The role of contract planning
• 15.2.5 Contracts which are impossible to perform
• 15.2.6 Frustration of common purpose
• 15.3 The effects of frustration
• 15.3.1 The common law rules
• 15.4 International perspectives
• 15.4.1 CISG
• 15.4.2 Unidroit Principles
• 15.5 Review
• Tips for applying the law in practice
• Problem questions
• Research questions
• Part V Ending a contract
• 16 Termination of contracts
• 16.1 Overview
• 16.2 Essential terms
• 16.2.1 Termination for breach of an essential term (ie a condition)
• 16.2.2 Classification of terms as essential (conditions) by statute
• 16.3 Classification of terms as essential (conditions) by express statement of the parties and by th
• 16.3.1 Classification of terms as essential (conditions) by express statement of the parties
• 16.3.2 Classification of terms as essential (conditions) by the courts
• 16.4 Termination for breach of an intermediate term
• 16.5 Termination for repudiation
• 16.6 Termination for delay
• 16.7 Relief against forfeiture
• 16.8 International perspectives
• 16.9 Review
• Tips for applying the law in practice
• Problem questions
• Research questions
• 17 Consequences of termination
• 17.1 Overview
• 17.2 Accrued rights
• 17.2.1 Total failure of consideration
• 17.3 Deposits
• 17.4 Restitutionary claims for work done
• 17.5 International perspectives
• 17.5.1 Unidroit Principles
• 17.6 Review
• Tips for applying the law in practice
• Problem questions
• Research questions
• Part VI Vitiating factors and unfair conduct
• 18 Misinformation
• 18.1 Overview
• 18.2 Misrepresentation
• 18.2.1 Puffs
• 18.2.2 Statements of intention or opinion
• 18.2.3 Statements of law
• 18.2.4 Conduct and silence
• 18.2.5 The element of inducement
• 18.2.6 The remedy of rescission
• 18.2.7 Bars to rescission
• 18.3 Damages for misrepresentation
• 18.4 Statutory prohibitions on misleading or deceptive conduct
• 18.4.1 The requirement of conduct ‘in trade or commerce’
• 18.4.2 ‘Misleading or deceptive’
• 18.4.3 The victim(s) of the deception
• 18.4.4 Silence
• 18.4.5 Representations as to the future
• 18.4.6 Opinions
• 18.4.7 Promises
• 18.4.8 Relaying information
• 18.4.9 Damages
• 18.4.10 Causation and contribution
• 18.4.11 Exclusion of liability
• 18.5 Mistake
• 18.5.1 Mutual mistake
• 18.5.2 Unilateral mistake
• 18.5.3 Common mistake
• 18.5.4 Non est factum
• 18.6 Rectification
• 18.7 International perspectives
• 18.7.1 CISG
• 18.7.2 Unidroit Principles
• 18.8 Review
• Tips for applying the law in practice
• Problem questions
• Research questions
• 19 Undue pressure
• 19.1 Overview
• 19.2 Duress
• 19.2.1 Types of duress
• 19.2.2 Rationale of duress at common law
• 19.2.3 Illegitimate pressure
• 19.2.4 The scope of economic duress
• 19.2.5 Causation
• 19.2.6 Remedies
• 19.2.7 Statutory duress
• 19.3 Undue influence
• 19.3.1 Actual undue influence
• 19.3.2 Presumed undue influence: special classes of relationship
• 19.3.3 Presumed undue influence: relationships of influence established by evidence
• 19.3.4 Rebutting the presumption of undue influence
• 19.4 International perspectives
• 19.4.1 CISG
• 19.4.2 Unidroit Principles: Threat
• 19.4.3 Unidroit Principles: Gross disparity
• 19.5 Review
• Tips for applying the law in practice
• Problem question
• Research questions
• 20 Unconscionability and unfairness
• 20.1 Overview
• 20.2 Unconscionable bargains
• 20.3 The ‘special equity’ for married women
• 20.4 Statutory prohibitions on unconscionable conduct
• 20.5 International perspectives
• 20.6 Review
• Tips for applying the law in practice
• Problem question
• Research question
• 21 Illegality and public policy
• 21.1 Overview
• 21.2 Introduction
• 21.3 Statutory illegality
• 21.4 Public policy and the ex turpi causa principle
• 21.5 Restraint of trade
• 21.6 International perspectives
• 21.7 Review
• Tips for applying the law in practice
• Problem question
• Research question
• Part VII Remedies
• 22 Enforcing a contract
• 22.1 Overview
• 22.2 Specific performance
• 22.3 Injunctions
• 22.4 Recovery of debts
• 22.5 Liquidated damages and penalty clauses
• 22.6 International perspectives
• 22.7 Review
• Tips for applying the law in practice
• Problem questions
• Research question
• 23 Damages for breach of contract
• 23.1 Overview
• 23.2 Types of damages and compensable losses for breach of contract
• 23.3 Restrictions on recovery
• 23.3.1 Contributory negligence
• 23.4 International perspectives
• 23.4.1 CISG
• 23.4.2 Unidroit Principles
• 23.5 Review
• Tips for applying the law in practice
• Problem questions
• Research questions
• 24 Restitutionary remedies
• 24.1 Overview
• 24.2 Money claims
• 24.3 Claims for services rendered
• 24.4 Explaining restitution and its rise and fall
• 24.5 International perspectives
• 24.5.1 General
• 24.5.2 CISG
• 24.5.3 Unidroit Principles
• 24.6 Review
• Tips for applying the law in practice
• Problem question
• Research question
• Part VIII International aspects of contract law
• 25 Contract in the international context
• 25.1 Overview
• 25.2 Choices of law in international contracting
• 25.2.1 Choice of law in courts
• 25.2.2 Choice of law in arbitration
• 25.2.3 Party negotiation for choice of law and neutral laws
• 25.2.4 Choice of soft laws/rules
• 25.3 CISG and Unidroit Principles
• 25.4 Application and effect
• 25.4.1 Applicability of the CISG
• 25.4.1.1 Geographical applicability and application by choice
• 25.4.1.2 Types of contracts
• 25.4.1.3 Scope of legal issues
• 25.4.1.4 Exclusion by agreement
• 25.4.2 Effect of the CISG
• 25.4.3 Unidroit Principles: application and effect
• 25.5 Interpretation
• 25.5.1 Implementing legislation
• 25.5.2 Autonomous interpretation
• 25.5.2.1 CISG
• 25.5.2.2 Unidroit Principles
• 25.5.3 Approaches to internal and external gaps
• 25.5.4 Good faith
• 25.5.5 Interpretation of party intent, extrinsic evidence and the parol evidence rule
• 25.5.5.1 CISG
• 25.5.5.2 Unidroit Principles
• 25.5.6 Merger/entire agreement clauses to limit extrinsic evidence
• 25.5.7 Relevance of usages and practices
• 25.5.8 General interpretive principles
• 25.5.8.1 Plain meaning vs purposive
• 25.5.8.2 Negotiated vs standard terms
• 25.5.8.3 Whole contract
• 25.5.8.4 Contractual effect
• 25.5.8.5 Linguistic discrepancies
• 25.5.8.6 Specific vs general
• 25.5.8.7 Contra proferentem rule
• 25.6 Formalities
• 25.6.1 Freedom of form
• 25.6.2 Party agreement on form and no oral modification clauses
• 25.7 Formation
• 25.7.1 CISG-offers, withdrawal and revocation
• 25.7.2 CISG-acceptance and modified acceptance
• 25.7.3 CISG-standard terms and battle of the forms
• 25.7.4 CISG-consideration
• 25.7.5 CISG-exemption and limitation clauses
• 25.7.6 CISG-usages and practices
• 25.7.7 Unidroit Principles-offers, withdrawal and revocation
• 25.7.8 Unidroit Principles-acceptance and modified acceptance
• 25.7.9 Unidroit Principles-standard terms and battle of the forms
• 25.7.10 Unidroit Principles-consideration, mistake, gross disparity and validity
• 25.7.11 Unidroit Principles-exemption and limitation clauses
• 25.7.12 Unidroit Principles-usages, practices and supplemented terms
• 25.8 Rights and obligations
• 25.8.1 CISG-seller obligations: conformity, delivery, ownership and third-party rights
• 25.8.2 CISG-buyer obligations: inspection, notice of non-conformity, payment of price
• 25.8.3 CISG-public permissions and standards
• 25.8.4 Unidroit Principles-time for performance
• 25.8.5 Unidroit Principles-currency
• 25.8.6 Unidroit Principles-public permissions
• 25.8.7 Unidroit Principles-good faith obligations: negotiations, performance and enforcement
• 25.8.8 Unidroit Principles-confidentiality
• 25.9 Remedies
• 25.9.1 Cure
• 25.9.2 Additional period for performance
• 25.9.3 Performance
• 25.9.4 Termination
• 25.9.5 Anticipatory breach and suspension
• 25.9.6 Damages, price reduction, agreed sums and mitigation
• 25.9.7 Interest
• 25.9.8 Restitution
• 25.9.9 Excuse
• 25.9.10 Preclusion of reliance on breach and contributory harm
• Index