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• Cover
• Half Title
• Title
• Copyright
• Dedication
• Contents
• Preface
• Part 1 Foundations for Criminology
• Chapter 1 Crime and Criminology
• Learning Objectives
• Criminology as Science
• Ideology and Criminology
• Media and Criminology
• The “Crime” in Criminology
• Paradigms in Criminology
• Criminology and Public Policy
• Summary
• Key Terms and Concepts
• Key Criminologists
• Discussion Questions
• References
• Chapter 2 The Relativity of Law and Crime
• Learning Objectives
• The Concept of Law
• Conflict or Consensus?
• The Relativity of Crime
• Highlight 2.1 Relativity of Law Across Space: Islamic Versus Western Conceptions of Law
• Highlight 2.2 Right to Life and Right to Die: A Case in Relativity of Law
• Highlight 2.3 Myths, Moral Panic, and Marijuana
• Highlight 2.4 Tobacco Company Strategies for Hooking Kids
• Highlight 2.5 State v. Dominy: Spousal Rape Contingent on Dog
• The Criminal Justice System
• Summary
• Key Terms and Concepts
• Key Criminologists
• Cases
• Discussion Questions
• References
• Chapter 3 Crime Statistics and Distribution of Crime
• Learning Objectives
• History of Official Crime Statistics
• Highlight 3.1 Officer-Involved Shootings
• Highlight 3.2 International Crime Data
• Highlight 3.3 UCR Guidelines for the Recording of Robbery
• Highlight 3.4 Stop Snitching: Why Don’t Kids Report Crimes to the Police?
• A New Look to the UCR: National Incident-Based Reporting System
• Alternative Measures of Crime
• The National Youth Survey
• Highlight 3.5 Self-Reported Delinquency and Drug-Use Items as Employed in the National Youth Survey
• The National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS)
• Highlight 3.6 Future Directions of the NCVS
• Highlight 3.7 The International Crime Victimization Survey
• Comparison of UCR, SRD, and NCVS Data Sources
• Distribution of Crime
• Distribution of Crime by Gender
• Distribution of Crime by Age
• Highlight 3.8 Mass Incarceration
• Distribution of Crime by Race
• Distribution of Crime by Social Class
• Victims of Crime
• Summary
• Key Terms and Concepts
• Key Criminologists
• Discussion Questions
• References
• Part 2 Theories of Crime
• Chapter 4 Deterrence and Rational Choice Theories of Crime
• Learning Objectives
• Preclassical Views of Crime
• The Classical School of Criminology
• Cesare Beccaria—Father of Classical Criminology
• Jeremy Bentham—Utilitarianism and Classical Thought
• Impact of Classicism
• Criminal Law and Procedure
• Penology
• Policing
• Contemporary Deterrence and Rational Choice Theory
• Conceptualizing Deterrence
• General and Specific Deterrence
• Deterrence and Individual Traits
• Deterrence and Hot Spots
• Deterrence Across Deviance Categories
• A Rational Choice Perspective
• Routine Activities: Victims and Offenders
• How Rational Is Choice?
• Highlight 4.1 Rational Crimes or Stupid Crimes?
• Summary
• Key Terms and Concepts
• Key Criminologists
• Cases
• Discussion Questions
• References
• Chapter 5 Positivism and BioPsychoSocial Criminology
• Learning Objectives
• The History of Biological Positivism
• Highlight 5.1 Nude Posture Studies of Students Create Stir
• Criminal Heredity: The Bad Seed Theory
• Highlight 5.2 Bad Seed or Bad Science: Reflecting on the Jukes Family as Victims of Ideological Bias
• Highlight 5.3 North Carolina Victims of Forced Sterilization Project Seek Compensation
• Highlight 5.4 CRISPR and Genetic Editing
• Highlight 5.5 Aaron Hernandez, Brain Damage, and Violence
• Biology, Mental Disorders, and Crime
• Highlight 5.6 The Debate Over Policy Implications of Biosocial Criminological Research
• Summary
• Key Terms and Concepts
• Key Criminologists
• Case
• Discussion Questions
• References
• Chapter 6 Social Structure Theories of Crime
• Learning Objectives
• Strain Theories
• Highlight 6.1 Gangs and Social Structure in International Perspective
• Recent Developments in Strain Theory
• Highlight 6.2 Institutional Anomie Theory and the Current Crime Decline
• Policy Implications of Strain Theories
• Social Ecology
• Highlight 6.3 Social Disorganization Theory and Immigration: Some Unexpected Findings
• Highlight 6.4 The Future of Social Disorganization Theory
• Summary
• Key Terms and Concepts
• Key Criminologists
• Discussion Questions
• References
• Chapter 7 Social Process Theories of Crime
• Learning Objectives
• Learning Criminal Behavior
• Highlight 7.1 Principles of Differential Association
• Highlight 7.2 Mass Media and Violence
• Highlight 7.3 Can Subcultures be “Kynd?”
• Culture Conflict and Crime
• Social Control and Crime
• Summary
• Key Terms and Concepts
• Key Criminologists
• Discussion Questions
• References
• Chapter 8 Social Reaction Theories of Crime
• Learning Objectives
• Labeling Theory
• Highlight 8.1 Is a Loser’s Label Worth Killing Over?
• Overview of Labeling Perspective
• Research on Labeling Theory
• Highlight 8.2 Is a “Sex Offender” Label Worth Dying For?
• Highlight 8.3 Labeling Theory—Recent Research Findings
• Policy Relevance of Labeling Theory
• Highlight 8.4 The Effects of Arrest on Subsequent Behavior: A Cross-National Comparison
• Roots of Critical Criminology
• Highlight 8.5 An Example of the Creation of a Social Problem
• Research on Conflict Theory
• Policy Relevance of Conflict Theory
• Summary
• Key Terms and Concepts
• Key Criminologists
• Case
• Discussion Questions
• References
• Chapter 9 New Directions: Integration and a Life-Course Perspective
• Learning Objectives
• Integrated Theoretical Models
• Highlight 9.1 Sample Questions for a Survey to Test an Integrated Model
• The Criminal Career Debate
• Developmental and Life-Course Criminology
• Highlight 9.2 New Directions for Criminology
• Highlight 9.3 Prestigious Stockholm Prize Awarded to John Laub and Robert Sampson
• Summary
• Key Terms and Concepts
• Key Criminologists
• Discussion Questions
• References
• Part 3 Types of Crime
• Chapter 10 Violence
• Learning Objectives
• Highlight 10.1 Violence and the National Football League
• Homicide
• Patterns in Criminal Homicide
• Subculture of Violence: Jerry
• Serial Killings and Mass Murders
• Highlight 10.2 Colombian Serial Killer Murders 140 People
• Highlight 10.3 Another Update on Mass Shootings
• Highlight 10.4 Are Rape Allegations Ever Falsified?
• Highlight 10.5 Rape and Blue Jeans
• Highlight 10.6 A Case of Rape in China
• Highlight 10.7 Bill Cosby and Rape Allegations
• Explaining Rape
• Family Violence
• Highlight 10.8 Corporal Punishment as Child Abuse
• Violence Against the Elderly
• Corporate, Government, and Professional Violence
• Highlight 10.9 Money Laundering
• Summary
• Key Terms and Concepts
• Key Criminologists
• Discussion Questions
• References
• Chapter 11 Economic Crime
• Learning Objectives
• Acquisitiveness and Theft
• Highlight 11.1 Tombaroli
• Highlight 11.2 Cash and Crime
• Highlight 11.3 The Lego Thief
• Highlight 11.4 Street Swindling by Fast Talkers
• Highlight 11.5 Researching White-Collar Crime
• Summary
• Key Terms and Concepts
• Key Criminologists
• Discussion Questions
• References
• Chapter 12 Crimes Without Victims and Victims Without Crimes
• Learning Objectives
• Crimes Without Victims
• Pros and Cons of Victimless Crimes
• Highlight 12.1 Japan—Assisted Suicide Without Consent
• Prostitution—Sex Work
• Highlight 12.2 Germany—Prostitution Reform
• Highlight 12.3 The Netherlands—A Different Approach to Prostitution
• Drug Offenses
• Highlight 12.4 The Netherlands—A Free Drug Market
• Victims Without Crimes
• Summary
• Key Terms and Concepts
• Key Criminologists
• Cases
• Discussion Questions
• References
• Chapter 13 Youth Violence
• Learning Objectives
• Data Issues
• Youth Violence Trends
• Prevalence of Youth Violence
• School Violence
• Highlight 13.1 Defining Bullying and Its Consequences
• Highlight 13.2 Evaluation of the Gang Resistance Education and Training (G.R.E.A.T.) Program
• Youth Gangs
• Summary
• Key Terms and Concepts
• Key Criminologists
• Discussion Questions
• References
• Name Index
• Subject Index