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• Cover image
• Title page
• Table of Contents
• Copyright
• Dedication
• About the Authors
• Contributors
• Reviewers
• Preface
• Acknowledgments
• Unit I. Foundations of Critical Care Nursing
• 1. Critical Care Nursing Practice
• Overview
• History of Critical Care
• Critical Care Nursing
• Contemporary Critical Care
• Critical Care Nursing Roles
• Critical Care Professional Accountability
• Evidence-Based Nursing Practice
• Holistic Critical Care Nursing
• Complementary and Alternative Therapies
• Technology in Critical Care
• Interprofessional Collaborative Practice
• Interdisciplinary Care Management Models and Tools
• Quality, Safety, and Regulatory Issues in Critical Care
• Healthy Work Environment
• Summary
• 2. Ethical Issues
• Differences Between Morals and Ethics
• Ethical Principles
• Conflicting Principles, Paternalism, and Medical Futility
• Professional Nursing Ethics and the Nursing Code of Ethics
• Situational and Organizational Ethical Decision Making in Critical Care
• SFNO Model for Deliberation of Ethical Problems
• Strategies for Promotion of Ethical Decision Making
• Summary
• 3. Legal Issues
• Overview
• Administrative Law: Professional Regulation
• Tort Law: Negligence and Professional Malpractice, Intentional Torts
• Constitutional Law: Patient Decision Making
• Legal Issues Looking Forward
• Summary
• 4. Genetic Issues
• Genetics and Genomics
• Genetic and Genomic Structure and Function
• Genetic Inheritance
• Obtaining Information About Genetics and Genomics
• Genetics in Critical Care
• Genetics, Genomics, and Nursing
• Human Genetics Key Terms
• Summary
• 5. Patient and Family Education
• Challenges of Patient and Family Education
• Education
• Step 1: Assessment
• Step 2: Education Plan Development
• Step 3: Implementation
• Step 4: Evaluation
• Step 5: Documentation
• Factors that Affect the Teaching-Learning Process
• Informational Needs of Families in Critical Care
• Preparation of the Patient and Family for Transfer from Critical Care
• Summary
• 6. Psychosocial Alterations and Management
• Stress
• Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
• Anxiety
• Alterations in Self-Concept
• Risk for Compromised Human Dignity
• Spiritual Challenges in Critical Care
• Coping with Stress and Illness
• Useful Psychosocial Skills
• Patients with Psychiatric Disorders
• Nurse Self-Care
• Summary
• 7. Nutrition Alterations and Management
• Nutrient Metabolism
• Assessing Nutrition Status
• Implications of Undernutrition for Sick or Stressed Patients
• Nutrition Support
• Nutrition and Cardiovascular Alterations
• Nutrition and Pulmonary Alterations
• Nutrition and Neurologic Alterations
• Nutrition and Renal Alterations
• Nutrition and Gastrointestinal Alterations
• Nutrition and Endocrine Alterations
• Summary
• 8. Pain and Pain Management
• Importance of Pain Assessment
• Definition and Description of Pain
• Pain Assessment
• Pain Management
• Summary
• 9. Sedation, Agitation, Delirium Management
• Sedation
• Agitation
• Delirium
• Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome and Delirium Tremens
• Collaborative Management
• Summary
• 10. End-of-Life Care
• End-of-Life Experience in Critical Care
• Ethical and Legal Issues
• Comfort Care
• Decision Making
• Withdrawal or Withholding of Treatment
• Palliative Care
• Withdrawal of Mechanical Ventilation
• Professional Issues
• Organ Donation
• Family Care
• Collaborative Care
• Summary
• Unit II. Cardiovascular Alterations
• 11. Cardiovascular Anatomy and Physiology
• Anatomy
• Physiology
• Summary
• 12. Cardiovascular Clinical Assessment
• History
• Physical Examination
• Summary
• 13. Cardiovascular Diagnostic Procedures
• Hemodynamic Monitoring
• Electrocardiography
• Laboratory Tests
• Diagnostic Procedures
• Summary
• 14. Cardiovascular Disorders
• Coronary Artery Disease
• Myocardial Infarction
• Sudden Cardiac Death
• Heart Failure
• Cardiomyopathy
• Pulmonary Hypertension
• Endocarditis
• Valvular Heart Disease
• Atherosclerotic Diseases of the Aorta
• Peripheral Artery Disease
• Carotid Artery Disease
• Venous Thromboembolism
• Hypertensive Emergency
• Summary
• 15. Cardiovascular Therapeutic Management
• Pacemakers
• Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators
• Fibrinolytic Therapy
• Eligibility Criteria
• Catheter-Based Interventions for Coronary Artery Disease
• Cardiac Surgery
• Mechanical Circulatory Support
• Vascular Surgery
• Effects of Cardiovascular Medications
• Summary
• Unit III. Pulmonary Alterations
• 16. Pulmonary Anatomy and Physiology
• Thorax
• Conducting Airways
• Respiratory Airways
• Pulmonary Blood and Lymph Supply
• Ventilation
• Respiration
• Ventilation/Perfusion Relationships
• Gas Transport
• Summary
• 17. Pulmonary Clinical Assessment
• History
• Focused Clinical Assessment
• Assessment Findings of Common Disorders
• Summary
• 18. Pulmonary Diagnostic Procedures
• Laboratory Studies
• Diagnostic Procedures
• Bedside Monitoring
• Summary
• 19. Pulmonary Disorders
• Acute Lung Failure
• Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
• Pneumonia
• Aspiration Pneumonitis
• Acute Pulmonary Embolism
• Status Asthmaticus
• Air Leak Disorders
• Long-Term Mechanical Ventilator Dependence
• Summary
• 20. Pulmonary Therapeutic Management
• Oxygen Therapy
• Artificial Airways
• Invasive Mechanical Ventilation
• Noninvasive Ventilation
• Positioning Therapy
• Thoracic Surgery
• Pharmacology
• Summary
• Unit IV. Neurologic Alterations
• 21. Neurologic Anatomy and Physiology
• Divisions of the Nervous System
• Microstructure of the Nervous System
• Central Nervous System
• Summary
• 22. Neurologic Clinical Assessment and Diagnostic Procedures
• History
• Focused Clinical Assessment
• Diagnostic Procedures
• Laboratory Studies
• Multimodal Bedside Monitoring
• Summary
• 23. Neurologic Disorders and Therapeutic Management
• Stroke
• Coma
• Guillain-Barré Syndrome
• Craniotomy
• Intracranial Hypertension
• Pharmacologic Agents
• Summary
• Unit V. Kidney Alterations
• 24. Kidney Anatomy and Physiology
• Macroscopic Anatomy
• Vascular Anatomy
• Microscopic Structure and Function
• Nervous System Innervation
• Urine Formation
• Functions of the Kidneys
• Fluid Balance
• Electrolyte Balance
• Summary
• 25. Kidney Clinical Assessment and Diagnostic Procedures
• History
• Physical Examination
• Additional Assessments
• Laboratory Assessment
• Urine Toxicology Screen
• Imaging Studies
• Kidney Biopsy
• Summary
• 26. Kidney Disorders and Therapeutic Management
• Acute Kidney Injury
• Definitions of Acute Kidney Injury
• Assessment and Diagnosis
• At-Risk Disease States and Acute Kidney Injury
• Renal Replacement Therapy: Dialysis
• Summary
• Unit VI. Gastrointestinal Alterations
• 27. Gastrointestinal Anatomy and Physiology
• Mouth
• Esophagus
• Stomach
• Small Intestine
• Large Intestine
• Accessory Organs
• Summary
• 28. Gastrointestinal Clinical Assessment and Diagnostic Procedures
• History
• Focused Clinical Assessment
• Laboratory Studies
• Summary
• 29. Gastrointestinal Disorders and Therapeutic Management
• Acute Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage
• Acute Pancreatitis
• Acute Liver Failure
• Gastrointestinal Surgery
• Therapeutic Management
• Pharmacologic Agents
• Summary
• Unit VII. Endocrine Alterations
• 30. Endocrine Anatomy and Physiology
• Pancreas
• Pituitary Gland and Hypothalamus
• Thyroid Gland
• Adrenal Gland
• Summary
• 31. Endocrine Clinical Assessment and Diagnostic Procedures
• History
• Pancreas
• Pituitary Gland
• Thyroid Gland
• Adrenal Gland
• Summary
• 32. Endocrine Disorders and Therapeutic Management
• Neuroendocrinology of Stress And Critical Illness
• Diabetes Mellitus
• Diabetic Ketoacidosis
• Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar State
• Diabetes Insipidus
• Syndrome of Inappropriate Secretion of Antidiuretic Hormone
• Thyroid Storm
• Myxedema Coma
• Summary
• Unit VIII. Multisystem Alterations
• 33. Trauma
• Domestic Violence and Trauma
• Alcohol and Substance Abuse and Trauma
• Mechanism Of Injury
• Phases of Trauma Care
• Specific Trauma Injuries
• Complications of Trauma
• Special Considerations
• Summary
• 34. Shock, Sepsis, and Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome
• Shock Syndrome
• Hypovolemic Shock
• Cardiogenic Shock
• Anaphylactic Shock
• Neurogenic Shock
• Sepsis and Septic Shock
• Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome
• Summary
• 35. Burns
• Anatomy and Functions of the Skin
• Pathophysiology and Etiology of Burn Injury
• Classification of Burn Injury
• Initial Emergency Burn Management
• Special Management Considerations
• Burn Nursing Diagnoses and Management
• Stressors of Burn Nursing
• Summary
• 36. Organ Donation and Transplantation
• Organ Donation
• Immunology of Transplant Rejection
• Heart Transplantation
• Heart-Lung Transplantation
• Single-Lung and Double-Lung Transplantation
• Liver Transplantation
• Kidney Transplantation
• Pancreas Transplantation
• Summary
• 37. Hematologic and Oncologic Emergencies
• Overview of Coagulation and Fibrinolysis
• Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
• Thrombocytopenia
• Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia
• Sickle Cell Anemia
• Tumor Lysis Syndrome
• Anemia of Critical Illness
• Summary
• Unit IX. Special Populations
• 38. The Obstetric Patient
• Physiologic Alterations in Pregnancy
• Physiologic Changes During Labor and Delivery
• Cardiac Disorders in Pregnancy
• Hypertensive Disease
• Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
• Shock
• Pulmonary Dysfunction
• Trauma
• Postpartum Hemorrhage
• Risks to Fetal Development
• Summary
• 39. The Pediatric Patient
• Respiratory System
• Cardiovascular System
• Nervous System
• Gastrointestinal System, Fluids, And Nutrition
• Pain Management
• Psychosocial Issues of the Child and Family
• Summary
• 40. The Older Adult Patient
• Chronic Disease in Older Adults
• Heart Disease and Age-Related Changes of the Cardiovascular System
• Oncologic Issues in Critically Ill Older Adults
• Age-Related Changes of the Respiratory System and Pulmonary Disease
• Accidents and Trauma in Older Adults
• Renal System in Older Adults
• Gastrointestinal System in Older Adults
• Diabetes in Older Adults
• Immune System in Older Adults
• Integumentary and Musculoskeletal Systems in Older Adults
• Pharmacologic Therapy in Older Adults
• Long-Term Complications of Critical Care for Older Adults
• Conclusion
• 41. The Perianesthesia Patient
• Selection of Anesthesia
• General Anesthesia
• Anesthetic Agents
• Perianesthesia Assessment and Care
• Management of Postanesthesia Problems and Emergencies
• Summary
• Appendix A. Nursing Management Plans of Care
• Appendix B. Physiologic Formulas for Critical Care
• Index
• Special Features