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• Cover image
• Title page
• Table of Contents
• Evolve Student Resources
• Copyright
• Dedication
• About the Authors
• Contributors
• Preface
• Organization
• Diagnosis and Patient Care Management
• Included in this Edition
• New to this Edition
• Changes in Terminology
• Evolve Resources for Critical Care Nursing
• Acknowledgments
• Unit I: Foundations of Critical Care Nursing
• 1. Critical Care Nursing Practice
• Overview
• History of Critical Care
• Critical Care Nursing
• Contemporary Critical Care
• Critical Care Nursing Roles
• Critical Care Professional Accountability
• Evidence-Based Nursing Practice
• Holistic Critical Care Nursing
• Complementary and Alternative Therapies
• Technology in Critical Care
• Interprofessional Collaborative Practice
• Interdisciplinary Care Management Models and Tools
• Quality, Safety, and Regulatory Issues in Critical Care
• Healthy Work Environment
• Key Points
• References
• 2. Ethical Issues
• Morals Versus Ethics
• Ethical Principles
• Conflicting Principles, Paternalism, and Medical Futility
• Professional Nursing Ethics and the Nursing Code of Ethics
• Situational and Organizational Ethical Decision Making in Critical Care
• Sfno Model for Deliberation of Ethical Problems
• Strategies for the Promotion of Ethical Decision Making
• Key Points
• References
• 3. Legal Issues
• Overview
• Administrative Law: Professional Regulation
• Tort Law: Negligence and Professional Malpractice, Intentional Torts
• Constitutional Law: Patient Decision Making
• Legal Issues Looking Forward
• Key Points
• References
• 4. Genetic Issues
• Genetics and Genomics
• Genetic And Genomic Structure And Function
• Genetic Inheritance
• Obtaining Information about Genetics and Genomics
• Genetics in Critical Care
• Genetics, Genomics, and Nursing
• Human Genetics Key Terms
• Key Points
• References
• 5. Facilitating Care Transitions
• Care Transitions
• Core Components to Any Care Transition
• Special Considerations During Care Transitions
• Models or Programs for Care Transitions
• Additional Resources
• Key Points
• References
• 6. Psychosocial and Spiritual Considerations
• Stress
• Anxiety
• Alterations in Self-Concept
• Compromised Dignity
• Spiritual Responses
• Psychosocial Support
• Comorbid Psychiatric Disorders
• Post–Intensive Care Syndrome
• Self-Care for Nurses
• Key Points
• References
• 7. Nutrition Alterations and Management
• Nutrient Metabolism
• Focused Assessment of Nutrition Status
• Implications of Undernutrition for Sick or Stressed Patients
• Nutrition Support
• Nutrition and Cardiovascular Alterations
• Nutrition and Pulmonary Alterations
• Nutrition and Neurologic Alterations
• Nutrition and Kidney Alterations
• Nutrition and Gastrointestinal Alterations
• Nutrition and Surgery
• Nutrition and Endocrine Alterations
• Evolution of Nutrition Science
• Key Points
• References
• 8. Pain and Pain Management
• Pain Assessment
• Definition and Description of Pain
• Pain Assessment
• Pain Management
• Additional Resources
• Key Points
• References
• 9. Sedation, Agitation, and Delirium Management
• Sedation
• Agitation
• Delirium
• Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome and Delirium Tremens
• Collaborative Management
• Additional Resources
• Key Points
• References
• 10. Palliative and End-of-Life Care
• End-of-Life Experience in Critical Care
• Ethical and Legal Issues
• Comfort Care
• Decision Making
• Withdrawal or Withholding of Treatment
• Palliative Care
• Withdrawal of Mechanical Ventilation
• Professional Issues
• Organ Donation
• Family Care
• Collaborative Care
• Additional Resources
• Key Points
• References
• Unit II: Cardiovascular Alterations
• 11. Cardiovascular Anatomy and Physiology
• Anatomy
• Physiology
• Key Points
• References
• 12. Cardiovascular Clinical Assessment
• History
• Physical Examination
• Key Points
• References
• 13. Cardiovascular Diagnostic Procedures
• Hemodynamic Monitoring
• Electrocardiography
• LABORATORY TESTS
• Diagnostic Procedures
• Additional Resources
• Key Points
• References
• 14. Cardiovascular Disorders
• Coronary Artery Disease
• Myocardial Infarction
• Sudden Cardiac Death
• Heart Failure
• Cardiomyopathy
• Pulmonary Hypertension
• Endocarditis
• Valvular Heart Disease
• Atherosclerotic Diseases of the Aorta
• Peripheral Artery Disease
• Carotid Artery Disease
• Venous Thromboembolism
• Hypertensive Emergency
• Additional Resources
• Key Points
• References
• 15. Cardiovascular Therapeutic Management
• Pacemakers
• Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators
• Fibrinolytic Therapy
• Catheter-Based Interventions for Coronary Artery Disease
• Cardiac Surgery
• Mechanical Circulatory Support
• Vascular Surgery
• Cardiovascular Medications
• Additional Resources
• Key Points
• References
• Unit III: Pulmonary Alterations
• 16. Pulmonary Anatomy and Physiology
• Thorax
• Conducting Airways
• Respiratory Airways
• Pulmonary Blood and Lymph Supply
• Ventilation
• Respiration
• Ventilation/Perfusion Relationships
• Gas Transport
• Key Points
• References
• 17. Pulmonary Clinical Assessment
• History
• Focused Physical Assessment
• Assessment Findings of Common Disorders
• Key Points
• References
• 18. Pulmonary Diagnostic Procedures
• Laboratory Studies
• Diagnostic Procedures
• Bedside Monitoring
• Key Points
• References
• 19. Pulmonary Disorders
• Acute Lung Failure
• Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
• Pneumonia
• Aspiration Pneumonitis
• Acute Pulmonary Embolism
• Status Asthmaticus
• Air Leak Disorders
• Long-Term Mechanical Ventilator Dependence
• Additional Resources
• Key Points
• References
• 20. Pulmonary Therapeutic Management
• Oxygen Therapy
• Artificial Airways
• Invasive Mechanical Ventilation
• Noninvasive Ventilation
• Positioning Therapy
• Thoracic Surgery
• Pharmacology
• Additional Resources
• Key Points
• References
• Unit IV: Neurologic Alterations
• 21. Neurologic Anatomy and Physiology
• Divisions of the Nervous System
• Microstructure of the Nervous System
• Central Nervous System
• Peripheral Nervous System
• Autonomic Nervous System
• Key Points
• References
• 22. Neurologic Clinical Assessment and Diagnostic Procedures
• History
• Focused Physical Assessment
• Diagnostic Procedures
• Laboratory Studies
• Multimodal Bedside Monitoring
• Key Points
• References
• 23. Neurologic Disorders and Therapeutic Management
• Stroke
• Coma
• Guillain-Barré Syndrome
• Craniotomy
• Intracranial Hypertension
• Pharmacologic Agents
• Additional Resources
• Key points
• References
• Unit V: Kidney Alterations
• 24. Kidney Anatomy and Physiology
• Macroscopic Anatomy
• Vascular Anatomy
• Microscopic Structure and Function
• Nervous System Innervation
• Urine Formation
• Functions of the Kidneys
• Fluid Balance
• Electrolyte Balance
• Key Points
• References
• 25. Kidney Clinical Assessment and Diagnostic Procedures
• History
• Physical Examination
• Additional Assessments
• Laboratory Assessment
• Urine Toxicology Screen
• Imaging Studies
• Kidney Biopsy
• Key Points
• References
• 26. Kidney Disorders and Therapeutic Management
• Acute Kidney Injury
• Chronic Kidney Disease
• Renal Replacement Therapy: Dialysis
• Additional Resources
• Key Points
• References
• Unit VI: Gastrointestinal Alterations
• 27. Gastrointestinal Anatomy and Physiology
• Mouth
• Esophagus
• Stomach
• Small Intestine
• Large Intestine
• Accessory Organs
• Key Points
• References
• 28. Gastrointestinal Clinical Assessment and Diagnostic Procedures
• History
• Focused Physical Assessment
• Laboratory Studies
• Diagnostic Procedures
• Key Points
• References
• 29. Gastrointestinal Disorders and Therapeutic Management
• Acute Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage
• Acute Pancreatitis
• Acute Liver Failure
• Gastrointestinal Surgery
• Therapeutic Management
• Pharmacologic Agents
• Additional Resources
• Key Points
• References
• Unit VII: Endocrine Alterations
• 30. Endocrine Anatomy and Physiology
• Pancreas
• Pituitary Gland And Hypothalamus
• Thyroid Gland
• Adrenal Gland
• Key Points
• References
• 31. Endocrine Clinical Assessment and Diagnostic Procedures
• History
• Pancreas
• Pituitary Gland
• Thyroid Gland
• Adrenal Gland
• Key Points
• References
• 32. Endocrine Disorders and Therapeutic Management
• Acute Neuroendocrine Response To Critical Illness
• Hyperglycemia in Critical Illness
• Insulin Management In Critically Ill Patients
• Hypoglycemia Management
• Nursing Management
• Diabetes Mellitus
• Diabetes Mellitus Diagnosis
• Type 1 Diabetes
• Type 2 Diabetes
• Hyperglycemic Emergencies
• Pituitary Gland Disorders
• Diabetes Insipidus
• Syndrome of Inappropriate Secretion of Antidiuretic Hormone
• Thyroid Gland Disorders
• Thyroid Storm
• Myxedema Coma
• Adrenal Gland Disorders
• Oversecretion of Adrenal Hormones
• Undersecretion of Adrenal Hormones
• Additional resources
• Key Points
• References
• Unit VIII: Multisystem Alterations
• 33. Trauma
• Mechanism of Injury
• Phases Of Trauma Care
• Specific Trauma Injuries
• Complications of Trauma
• Special Considerations in Trauma
• Additional Resources
• Key Points
• References
• 34. Shock, Sepsis, and Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome
• Shock Syndrome
• Hypovolemic Shock
• Cardiogenic Shock
• Anaphylactic Shock
• Neurogenic Shock
• Sepsis and Septic Shock
• Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome
• Additional Resources
• Key Points
• References
• 35. Burns
• Anatomy and Functions of the Skin
• Pathophysiology and Etiology of Burn Injury
• Classification of Burn Injury
• Initial Emergency Burn Management
• Special Management Considerations
• Burn Nursing Management
• Additional Resources
• Key Points
• References
• 36. Organ Donation and Transplantation
• Organ Donation
• Immunology of Transplantation
• Immunosuppressive Medications
• Transplant Candidate Evaluation
• Heart Transplantation
• Heart-Lung Transplantation
• Single-Lung And Double-Lung Transplantation
• Liver Transplantation
• Kidney Transplantation
• Pancreas Transplantation
• Additional Resources
• Key Points
• References
• 37. Hematologic and Oncologic Emergencies
• Overview of Coagulation and Fibrinolysis
• Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
• Thrombocytopenia
• Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia
• Sickle Cell Anemia
• Tumor Lysis Syndrome
• Hospital-Acquired Anemia
• Additional Resources
• Key Points
• References
• Unit IX: Special Populations
• 38. The Obstetric Patient
• Physiologic Alterations in Pregnancy
• Physiologic Changes During Labor and Delivery
• Cardiac Disorders in Pregnancy
• Hypertensive Disease
• Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
• Shock
• Pulmonary Dysfunction
• Trauma
• Postpartum Hemorrhage
• Risks to Fetal Development
• Additional Resources
• Key Points
• References
• 39. The Pediatric Patient
• Respiratory System
• Cardiovascular System
• Nervous System
• Gastrointestinal System, Fluids, and Nutrition
• Pain Management
• Psychosocial Issues of the Child and Family
• Additional Resources
• Key Points
• References
• 40. The Older Adult Patient
• Overview
• Neurocognitive Age-Related Changes
• Age-Related Changes of the Respiratory System And Pulmonary Disease
• Age-Related Changes of the Cardiovascular System
• Age-Related Changes of The Kidney System
• Age-Related Changes Of The Liver
• Age-Related Changes Of The Gastrointestinal System And Nutrition
• Diabetes In Older Adults
• Age-Related Changes In The Immune System
• Age-Related Changes In The Skin And Integumentary System
• Age-Related Changes In The Musculoskeletal System
• Complications of Critical Care For Older Adults
• Palliative and End-Of-Life Care For Older Adults
• Additional Resources
• Key Points
• References
• Appendix A. Patient Care Management Plans
• Appendix B. Physiologic Formulas for Critical Care
• Hemodynamic Equations
• Pulmonary Formulas
• Neurologic Formulas
• Endocrine Formulas
• Kidney Formulas
• Nutritional Formulas
• Appendix C. Canadian Laboratory Values
• Index
• Special Features
• Case Studies
• Concept Maps
• Data Collection
• Diagnosis and Patient Care Management
• Patient and Family Education Plans
• Patient Care Management Plans
• Patient-Centered Critical Care
• Pharmacologic Management
• QSEN: Evidence-Based Practice
• QSEN: Informatics
• QSEN: Patient-Centered Care
• QSEN: Quality Improvement
• QSEN: Safety
• QSEN: Teamwork and Collaboration