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• Front Matter
• BPS Student Guides
• Brief Contents
• Contents
• Preface
• Acknowledgements
• 1 Getting Started on Critical Thinking
• WHAT IS CRITICAL THINKING?
• Defining critical thinking
• PSYCHOLOGY AND CRITICAL THINKING
• CHAPTER 1 – CRITICAL QUESTIONS
• 2 Logic and the Philosophy of Critical Thinking
• Non sequitur
• Slippery slope
• Tu quoque
• Post hoc ergo propter hoc
• Argument from ignorance
• Shifting the burden of proof
• Special pleading
• The straw person
• False binary opposition
• Ad hominem fallacy
• Begging the question
• Appeal to questionable authority
• SOCRATIC QUESTIONING: THE ANCIENT ART OF ‘BUT WHY?’
• Questions of clarification
• Questions to probe assumptions
• Questions about points of view
• Questions about evidence
• Questions about implications and consequences
• Questions about the question
• WHY PRIORITISE CRITICAL THINKING?
• CHAPTER 2 – CRITICAL QUESTIONS
• 3 Critical Thinking in the Wider World
• AM I BOVVERED?
• MORE ABOUT GRICE’S MAXIMS
• THE ARTS
• Offence in art
• Aesthetics in art
• Talent in art
• Comparative art
• Understanding art
• Final comments on art
• APPLYING CRITICAL THINKING TO THE LANGUAGE OF ADVERTISING
• AMBIGUITY
• LIBEL AND THE LAW
• WHEN IS A REVIEW NOT A REVIEW?
• The unqualified opinion
• The unfair review
• The wrong end of the stick
• Irrelevance and axe grinding
• OCCAM’S RAZOR
• THE GREAT EXAMINATION DEBATE
• UNIVERSITY LEAGUE TABLES
• REFLECTION AND CRITICAL THINKING
• CHAPTER 3 – CRITICAL QUESTIONS
• 4 Critical Thinking Inside Psychology
• SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS
• CRITICAL THINKING IN STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY
• THE TEXAS SHARPSHOOTER FALLACY
• THE GAMBLER’S FALLACY, THE CLUSTERING ILLUSION, APOPHENIA, PAREIDOLIA AND OTHER WONDERFUL THINGS
• PSEUDOSCIENCE AND THE ENEMIES OF PSYCHOLOGY
• Jargon
• Training
• Secrecy and mystery
• Stasis
• Psychology as a protoscience
• Three enemies of psychology
• Astrology
• Graphology
• Phrenology
• DISCOURSE ANALYSIS: A PRACTICAL APPLICATION OF CRITICAL THINKING
• CRITICAL THINKING IN RESEARCH METHODS AND STATISTICS
• Correlation and causation
• Control groups
• Blind and double-blind
• Observation and interpretation
• History repeating itself
• The wrong analysis
• ‘Bigging up’ weak results
• Borderline findings and margins of error
• Clinical significance versus statistical significance
• Crime statistics
• CRITICAL THINKING IN HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY
• Complementary and alternative medicine
• Time after time I have treated patients successfully
• A positive outcome in CAM isn’t the same as a positive outcome in a drug trial
• CAM treats the whole person, not just a symptom
• CAM treatments are not all the same
• CAM approaches are not harmful, so they do not need to be ‘tested’ or ‘prove’ themselves
• CRITICAL THINKING IN COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY
• CRITICAL THINKING IN SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY
• CRITICAL THINKING IN BIOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY
• CHAPTER 4 – CRITICAL QUESTIONS
• 5 Putting Critical Thinking to Use: Getting Good Grades
• Sample mini-essays: compare and contrast
• Failed essay
• Moderate essay
• Excellent essay
• UNDERSTANDING FEEDBACK
• Politeness
• Being too descriptive
• Academic style
• Choice of words
• Spelling, grammar and punctuation
• First person versus third person
• Answering the question
• Lacking depth
• Lacking structure or planning
• Citing your sources
• Learning for thinking
• CHAPTER 5 – CRITICAL QUESTIONS
• 6 Getting Fit for Critical Thinking
• FOSTERING A CRITICAL MINDSET
• A sense of externality
• Mindfulness
• CRITICAL READING
• SUMMARISING
• CHAPTER 6 – CRITICAL QUESTIONS
• Back Matter
• Concluding Remarks
• Exercises in Critical Thinking
• Checklist for Critical Thinking
• YOUR OWN CHECKLIST
• Glossary
• References
• Further Reading
• Index