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• Cover
• Title Page
• Contents
• Acknowledgements
• Introducing Critical Thinking Skills
• Do critical thinking skills matter?
• Building ‘critical muscle’
• Using the book
• Overview of the chapters
• Glossary
• About the Companion Site
• 1 What is critical thinking?
• Introduction
• What is critical thinking?
• Reasoning
• Critical thinking: Where does it come from?
• Benefits of critical thinking skills
• Underlying skills and attitudes
• Self-awareness for accurate judgement
• Personal strategies for critical thinking
• Critical thinking in academic contexts
• Barriers to critical thinking
• Critical thinking: Knowledge, skills and attitudes
• Priorities: Developing critical thinking abilities
• Summary: What is critical thinking?
• 2 How well do you think?
• Introduction
• Assess your thinking skills
• Scoring sheet
• Focusing attention
• Focusing attention: Identifying difference
• Focusing attention: Recognising sequence
• Categorising
• Activity: Categorising text
• Close reading
• Close reading and listening
• Summary: How well do you think?
• 3 What’s their point?
• Introduction
• The author’s position
• Activity: Capturing the author’s position
• Argument: Persuasion through reasons
• Identifying the argument
• Activity: Identifying simple arguments
• Activity: Reasons and conclusions
• Hunting out the conclusion
• Summary of features
• Summary: What’s their point?
• 4 Is it an argument?
• Introduction
• Argument and disagreement
• Activity: Argument and disagreement
• Non-arguments: Description
• Non-arguments: Explanations and summaries
• Activity: What type of message?
• Distinguishing argument from other material
• Activity: Selecting out the argument
• Recognising other non-arguments
• Summary: Is it an argument?
• 5 How well do they say it?
• Introduction
• How clear is the author’s position?
• Internal consistency
• Activity: Internal consistency
• Logical consistency
• Activity: Logical consistency
• Independent reasons and joint reasons
• Activity: Independent reasons and joint reasons
• Intermediate conclusions
• Intermediate conclusions used as reasons
• Activity: Intermediate conclusions
• Summative and logical conclusions
• Activity: Summative and logical conclusions
• Logical order
• Activity: Logical order
• Summary: How well do they say it?
• 6 Reading between the lines
• Introduction
• Assumptions
• Activity: Identify the underlying assumptions
• Identifying hidden assumptions
• Implicit assumptions used as reasons
• Activity: Implicit assumptions used as reasons
• Inference, assumption and syllogism
• False premises
• Activity: False premises
• Implicit arguments
• Activities: Implicit arguments
• Denoted and connoted meanings
• Activities: Associations and stereotypes
• Activity: Denoted and connoted meanings
• Summary: Reading between the lines
• 7 Does it add up?
• Introduction
• Assuming a causal link
• Correlations and false correlations
• Activity: Identify the nature of the link
• Not meeting the necessary conditions
• Not meeting sufficient conditions
• Activity: Necessary and sufficient conditions
• False analogies
• Activity: False analogies
• Deflection, complicity and exclusion
• Other types of flawed argument or fallacies
• Unwarranted leaps and castle of cards
• Emotive language; attacking the person
• More flaws
• Misrepresentation and trivialisation
• Tautology; two wrongs don’t make a right
• Other fallacies
• Summary: Does it add up?
• 8 Where’s the proof?
• Introduction
• Primary and secondary source materials
• Searching for evidence
• Literature searches
• Reputable sources
• Authenticity and validity
• Currency and reliability
• Selecting the best evidence
• Relevant and irrelevant evidence
• Activity: Relevant and irrelevant evidence
• Representative samples
• Activity: Representative samples
• Certainty and probability
• Sample sizes and statistical significance
• Over-generalisation
• Controlling for variables
• Facts and opinions
• Eye-witness testimony
• Triangulation
• Evaluating a body of evidence
• Summary: Where’s the proof?
• 9 Criticality when selecting, interpreting and noting from sources
• Introduction
• Gain an overview first
• Identify the theoretical perspective
• The relation of theory to argument
• Categorising and selecting
• Accurate interpretation when reading
• Making notes to support critical analysis
• Make structured, selective notes
• Concise critical notes: Analysing an argument
• Concise critical notes on sources: Articles and papers
• Critical selection when note-taking
• Comparing multiple sources
• Noting how multiple sources contribute to an argument
• Critical listening and viewing
• Critical awareness for audio-visual material
• Critical thinking when listening
• Critically active viewing
• Making notes: Audio-visual material
• Critical use of social media
• Real or fake news?
• Fake news: What can we do?
• Summary: Criticality when selecting, interpreting and noting from sources
• 10 Critical, analytical writing
• Introduction
• Characteristics of critical, analytical writing
• Developing a topic 1: Test and defend a ‘thesis’
• Developing a topic 2: Define your terms
• Developing a topic 3: Critical use of resources
• Developing a topic 4: Identify themes
• Developing a topic 5: Use the literature
• Shaping your thinking on a topic
• Writing it up: Set the scene for the reader
• Activity: Setting the scene for the reader
• Writing up the literature search
• Words used to introduce the line of reasoning
• Words used to reinforce the line of reasoning
• Signposting alternative points of view
• Words used to signpost conclusions
• Words and phrases used to structure the line of reasoning
• Drawing tentative conclusions
• Activity: Writing conclusions
• Critical analysis for essays: Essay titles
• Academic keywords used in titles
• Critical analytical essays: Introductions
• Structured argument: The body of the essay
• Essays: Bringing the argument together
• Citing and referencing your sources
• What do I include in a reference?
• Summary: Critical analytical writing
• 11 Mapping and evaluating argument
• Introduction
• Using argument maps
• Standard map configurations
• Mapping interim conclusions
• Argument maps for complex arguments
• Mapping extended arguments
• Mapping arguments with counterarguments
• Tabulating thesis/antithesis/synthesis arguments
• Defending a given position
• Weighing your options: Multiple theses
• Finding the structure of extended arguments
• Tabulating an argument
• Example: Mapping an extended argument
• Decisions to make when argument mapping
• Extended arguments: Applying criteria
• Critical analysis: Sample essays
• Critically evaluating your own work
• Evaluating your work for critical thinking
• Summary: Mapping and evaluating arguments
• 12 Critical reflection
• Introduction
• What is critical reflection?
• Why engage in critical reflection?
• Decide your approach and purpose
• Decide outcomes and outputs
• Approach: Method and audience
• Approach: Relating experience and theory
• Decide your approach: Summary checklist
• Reflection phases 1 and 2
• Examples of phase 1 reflection
• Examples of phase 2 reflection
• Models of reflection
• Deciding on your model for reflection
• The Core Model for critical reflection
• Applying reflection to professional practice
• Reflection and professional judgement
• Good and bad critical reflection
• Presenting your reflection to others
• Summary: Critical reflection
• 13 Applying critical thinking to career planning and employability
• Critical thinking for professional life
• Thinking critically about your life and career planning
• Self-evaluation: Thinking critically about your career path
• Thinking critically about your career: Taking action
• Applying critical thinking when looking for a job
• Critical consideration of the ‘best fit’ jobs for you
• Use the clues: Information provided by employers
• Where do job applicants go wrong?
• Where job applicants go wrong: Examples
• Employer demand for critical thinking skills
• How critical thinking skills are useful in work roles
• Demonstrating critical thinking to employers
• Checklist: Critical self-evaluation of job applications
• Summary: Applying critical thinking to career planning and employability
• Texts for activities in Chapters 8, 9 and 11
• Practice materials
• Practice 1
• Sample essay 1 (Student sleep/well-being)
• Sample essay 2 (Student sleep/well-being)
• Practice 2
• Sample essay 3 (Global warming)
• Sample essay 4 (Global warming)
• Appendix: Selected search engines and databases for online literature searches
• Answers to activities
• References and Bibliography
• Index
• eCopyright