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• Cultural Competence in Health Education and Health Promotion
• Copyright
• Contents
• Foreword
• Preface
• The Editors
• The Contributors
• Acknowledgments
• Chapter 1: Implications of Changing US Demographics for Health Educators
• Demographic Shifts
• Demographic Characteristics
• Race and Ethnicity
• Foreign Born and Immigrant
• Language
• The Elderly
• Gender
• Sexual Orientation
• People with Disabilities
• Demographics of Racial and Ethnic Groups
• African Americans
• Hispanics
• Asians
• Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islanders
• American Indians and Alaska Natives
• White
• Ethnic and Racial Group Stereotypes and Health Education
• Healthy People 2020 and Health Education
• Conclusion
• Points to Remember
• Case Study
• Note
• References
• Chapter 2: Diversity and Health Education
• Defining Diversity, Race, Ethnicity, and Culture: Implications for Health Education
• Diversity
• Race
• Ethnicity
• Culture
• Cultural Practices and Their Impact on Health Education Strategies and Outcomes
• Cultural Universals
• Dominant Culture
• Immigrants and Migrants
• Stages of Adjustment to the New Country
• The Special Challenges of Undocumented Immigrants
• Health Problems That Migrants Experience
• Developing Standard Diagnostic Criteria
• Cultural Competence Principles and Practices in Diverse Settings
• Cultural Competence
• Cultural Competence in Diverse Settings
• Cultural Competence: Working across Cultures
• Cross-Cultural and Intercultural Competence
• Linguistic Competence
• Cultural Competence Continuum
• Cultural Resistance and Barriers
• Conclusion
• Points to Remember
• Case Study
• References
• Chapter 3: Health Disparities and Social Determinants of Health: Implications for Health Education
• Health Equality
• Morbidity Indicators for Selected US Population Groups
• Environmental Quality
• Mental Health
• Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity
• Oral Health
• Tobacco
• Race/Ethnicity, Gender, Age, and Disability
• Focus Areas of Disparities
• Gender
• Age
• Disability
• Social Determinants of Health
• Racism and Discrimination and Their Impact on Health Education
• Primary Prevention, Health Education, and Health Disparities
• Suggestions for Working with Diverse Groups
• Conclusion
• Points to Remember
• Case Study
• References
• Chapter 4: Complementary and Alternative Medicine in Culturally Competent Health Education
• Use of CAM
• Definitions of Concepts in Nontraditional Healing
• Modalities of CAM
• CAM in Racial and Ethnic Groups
• African Americans
• Latinos/Hispanics
• Whites
• Asians and Pacific Islanders
• American Indian and Alaska Natives
• Summary
• National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine
• CAM and Health Education
• Suggestions for Working with Diverse Groups
• Conclusion
• Points to Remember
• Case Study
• References
• Chapter 5: Spirituality and Cultural Diversity
• Religious and Spiritual Trends in the United States
• Worldview and Spiritual Beliefs
• Impact of Religiosity and Spirituality on Health and Well-Being
• Health Practices
• Mental Health
• Catastrophic Illnesses
• Spiritually Based Interventions
• Religiosity/Spirituality and Cultural Diversity
• Age
• Race and Ethnicity
• Gender
• Religious Belief Systems and Faith-Based Programs
• Conclusion
• Points to Remember
• Case Study
• References
• Chapter 6: Health Education Theoretical Models and Multicultural Populations
• Models for Assessing Cultural Competence
• Purnell Model for Cultural Competence
• A Culturally Competent Model of Care
• Inventory for Assessing the Process of Cultural Competence among Health Care Professionals
• Models for Developing Health Education Programs
• Cultural Assessment Framework
• The PEN-3 Model
• Suggestions for Working with Diverse Groups
• Conclusion
• Points to Remember
• Case Study
• Note
• References
• Chapter 7: Planning, Implementing, and Evaluating Culturally Appropriate Programs
• Concepts of Culture, Health, and Linguistics
• The Need for Cultural and Linguistic Competency
• Program Planning Models and Cultural Diversity
• Planning, Implementation, and Evaluation of Culturally Appropriate Programs
• Conducting Culturally Appropriate Needs Assessments
• Designing Culturally Appropriate Evaluations
• Education
• Language
• Cultural Protocols
• Reflections on Cultural Appropriateness in Working with Diverse Individuals and Groups
• Conclusion
• Points to Remember
• Case Study
• References
• Chapter 8: Culturally Appropriate Communication
• Communication Model
• The Importance of Verbal and Nonverbal Communication
• Standards for Cultural and Linguistic Competence in Health Education
• Strategies to Incorporate Cultural and Linguistic Competence in Health Education
• Communication and Culture
• Communication and Cultural Competence
• Historical Perspectives on Communication across Cultures
• Communicating across Cultures about Health and Disease
• Communication and Personal Health
• Communication and Community Health
• Communication and Marketing Techniques
• Communication Patterns and Language Barriers
• Conclusion
• Points to Remember
• Case Study
• References
• Chapter 9: Foundations for Health Literacy and Culturally Appropriate Health Education Programs
• Health Literacy
• Health Literacy Impact
• Health Literacy and Healthy People 2020
• Health Literacy and Health Status
• Health Literacy and Cultural Competence
• Improving Health Literacy
• Written Communication
• Presentations
• Bridging Health Literacy and Culture
• Health Literacy and the Electronic Frontier
• Conclusion
• Points to Remember
• Case Study
• References
• Chapter 10: The Aging US Population: An Increasing Diverse Population
• Demographic Characteristics of Older Americans
• Issues Facing Older Adults
• Building Culturally Appropriate Health Promotion Programs
• Health Literacy among Older Adults
• Cultural Competence with Older Adults
• Healthy Aging and Health Education
• Suggestions for Working with Diverse Groups among the Aging Population
• Conclusion
• Points to Remember
• Case Study
• References
• Chapter 11: Culture and Sexual Orientation
• The LGBT Culture
• Health Issues of the LGBT Community
• Health Issues of LGBT Youths
• Health Issues of Lesbian and Bisexual Women
• Health Issues of Gay and Bisexual Men
• Health Issues of Transgender Communities
• Health Issues of LGBT Racially and Ethnically Diverse Communities
• Increasing Cultural Sensitivity toward the LGBT Community
• Conclusion
• Points to Remember
• Case Study
• Resources
• References
• Chapter 12: Cultural Competency and Health Education: A Window of Opportunity
• The Need for Cultural and Linguistic Competence
• Cultural Competence
• Acquiring Linguistic Competence
• Cultural and Linguistic Competence in Health Education
• Strategies to Incorporate Cultural and Linguistic Competence into Health Education
• Standards for Cultural and Linguistic Competence in Health Education
• Conclusion
• Points to Remember
• Note
• References
• Appendix A: Selected List of Web Resources for Health Disparities
• Appendix B: Summary of Selected Health Disparities
• Sources
• Appendix C: Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services Standards
• Principal Standard
• Governance, Leadership and Workforce
• Communication and Language Assistance
• Engagement, Continuous Improvement, and Accountability
• Name Index
• Subject Index