Efnisyfirlit

• Access for Companion Website
• Database Systems
• Copyright
• Dedication
• Brief Contents
• Contents
• Preface
• Part 1: Background
• Chapter 1: Introduction to Databases
• 1.1 Introduction
• 1.2 Traditional File-Based Systems
• 1.2.1 File-Based Approach
• 1.2.2 Limitations of the File-Based Approach
• 1.3 Database Approach
• 1.3.1 The Database
• 1.3.2 The Database Management System (DBMS)
• 1.3.3 (Database) Application Programs
• 1.3.4 Components of the DBMS Environment
• 1.3.5 Database Design: The Paradigm Shift
• 1.4 Roles in the Database Environment
• 1.4.1 Data and Database Administrators
• 1.4.2 Database Designers
• 1.4.3 Application Developers
• 1.4.4 End-Users
• 1.5 History of Database Management Systems
• 1.6 Advantages and Disadvantages of DBMSs
• Chapter Summary
• Review Questions
• Exercises
• Chapter 2: Database Environment
• 2.1 The Three-Level ANSI-SPARC Architecture
• 2.1.1 External Level
• 2.1.2 Conceptual Level
• 2.1.3 Internal Level
• 2.1.4 Schemas, Mappings, and Instances
• 2.1.5 Data Independence
• 2.2 Database Languages
• 2.2.1 The Data Definition Language (DDL)
• 2.2.2 The Data Manipulation Language (DML)
• 2.2.3 Fourth-Generation Languages (4GLs)
• 2.3 Data Models and Conceptual Modeling
• 2.3.1 Object-Based Data Models
• 2.3.2 Record-Based Data Models
• 2.3.3 Physical Data Models
• 2.3.4 Conceptual Modeling
• 2.4 Functions of a DBMS
• Chapter Summary
• Review Questions
• Exercises
• Chapter 3: Database Architectures and the Web
• 3.1 Multi-user DBMS Architectures
• 3.1.1 Teleprocessing
• 3.1.2 File-Server Architecture
• 3.1.3 Traditional Two-Tier Client–Server Architecture
• 3.1.4 Three-Tier Client–Server Architecture
• 3.1.5 N-Tier Architectures
• 3.1.6 Middleware
• 3.1.7 Transaction Processing Monitors
• 3.2 Web Services and Service-Oriented Architectures
• 3.2.1 Web Services
• 3.2.2 Service-Oriented Architectures (SOA)
• 3.3 Distributed DBMSs
• 3.4 Data Warehousing
• 3.5 Cloud Computing
• 3.5.1 Benefits and Risks of Cloud Computing
• 3.5.2 Cloud-based database solutions
• 3.6 Components of a DBMS
• 3.7 Oracle Architecture
• 3.7.1 Oracle’s Logical Database Structure
• 3.7.2 Oracle’s Physical Database Structure
• Chapter Summary
• Review Questions
• Exercises
• Part 2: The Relational Model and Languages
• Chapter 4: The Relational Model
• 4.1 Brief History of the Relational Model
• 4.2 Terminology
• 4.2.1 Relational Data Structure
• 4.2.2 Mathematical Relations
• 4.2.3 Database Relations
• 4.2.4 Properties of Relations
• 4.2.5 Relational Keys
• 4.2.6 Representing Relational Database Schemas
• 4.3 Integrity Constraints
• 4.3.1 Nulls
• 4.3.2 Entity Integrity
• 4.3.3 Referential Integrity
• 4.3.4 General Constraints
• 4.4 Views
• 4.4.1 Terminology
• 4.4.2 Purpose of Views
• 4.4.3 Updating Views
• Chapter Summary
• Review Questions
• Exercises
• Chapter 5: Relational Algebra and Relational Calculus
• 5.1 The Relational Algebra
• 5.1.1 Unary Operations
• 5.1.2 Set Operations
• 5.1.3 Join Operations
• 5.1.4 Division Operation
• 5.1.5 Aggregation and Grouping Operations
• 5.1.6 Summary of the Relational Algebra Operations
• 5.2 The Relational Calculus
• 5.2.1 Tuple Relational Calculus
• 5.2.2 Domain Relational Calculus
• 5.3 Other Languages
• Chapter Summary
• Review Questions
• Exercises
• Chapter 6: SQL: Data Manipulation
• 6.1 Introduction to SQL
• 6.1.1 Objectives of SQL
• 6.1.2 History of SQL
• 6.1.3 Importance of SQL
• 6.1.4 Terminology
• 6.2 Writing SQL Commands
• 6.3 Data Manipulation
• 6.3.1 Simple Queries
• 6.3.2 Sorting Results (ORDER BY Clause)
• 6.3.3 Using the SQL Aggregate Functions
• 6.3.4 Grouping Results (GROUP BY Clause)
• 6.3.5 Subqueries
• 6.3.6 ANY and ALL
• 6.3.7 Multi-table Queries
• 6.3.8 EXISTS and NOT EXISTS
• 6.3.9 Combining Result Tables (UNION, INTERSECT, EXCEPT)
• 6.3.10 Database Updates
• Chapter Summary
• Review Questions
• Exercises
• Chapter 7: SQL: Data Definitio
• 7.1 The ISO SQL Data Types
• 7.1.1 SQL Identifiers
• 7.1.2 SQL Scalar Data Types
• 7.2 Integrity Enhancement Feature
• 7.2.1 Required Data
• 7.2.2 Domain Constraints
• 7.2.3 Entity Integrity
• 7.2.4 Referential Integrity
• 7.2.5 General Constraints
• 7.3 Data Definition
• 7.3.1 Creating a Database
• 7.3.2 Creating a Table (CREATE TABLE)
• 7.3.3 Changing a Table Definition (ALTER TABLE)
• 7.3.4 Removing a Table (DROP TABLE)
• 7.3.5 Creating an Index (CREATE INDEX)
• 7.3.6 Removing an Index (DROP INDEX)
• 7.4 Views
• 7.4.1 Creating a View (CREATE VIEW)
• 7.4.2 Removing a View (DROP VIEW)
• 7.4.3 View Resolution
• 7.4.4 Restrictions on Views
• 7.4.5 View Updatability
• 7.4.6 With Check Option
• 7.4.7 Advantages and Disadvantages of Views
• 7.4.8 View Materialization
• 7.5 Transactions
• 7.5.1 Immediate and Deferred Integrity Constraints
• 7.6 Discretionary Access Control
• 7.6.1 Granting Privileges to Other Users (GRANT)
• 7.6.2 Revoking Privileges from Users (REVOKE)
• Chapter Summary
• Review Questions
• Exercises
• Chapter 8: Advanced SQL
• 8.1 The SQL Programming Language
• 8.1.1 Declarations
• 8.1.2 Assignments
• 8.1.3 Control Statements
• 8.1.4 Exceptions in PL/SQL
• 8.1.5 Cursors in PL/SQL
• 8.2 Subprograms, Stored Procedures, Functions, and Packages
• 8.3 Triggers
• 8.4 Recursion
• Chapter Summary
• Review Questions
• Exercises
• Chapter 9: Object-Relational DBMSs
• 9.1 Advanced Database Applications
• 9.2 Weaknesses of RDBMSs
• 9.3 Storing Objects in a Relational Database
• 9.3.1 Mapping Classes to Relations
• 9.3.2 Accessing Objects in the Relational Database
• 9.4 Introduction to Object-Relational Database Systems
• 9.5 SQL:2011
• 9.5.1 Row Types
• 9.5.2 User-Defined Types
• 9.5.3 Subtypes and Supertypes
• 9.5.4 User-Defined Routines
• 9.5.5 Polymorphism
• 9.5.6 Reference Types and Object Identity
• 9.5.7 Creating Tables
• 9.5.8 Querying Data
• 9.5.9 Collection Types
• 9.5.10 Typed Views
• 9.5.11 Persistent Stored Modules
• 9.5.12 Triggers
• 9.5.13 Large Objects
• 9.5.14 Recursion
• 9.6 Object-Oriented Extensions in Oracle
• 9.6.1 User-Defined Data Types
• 9.6.2 Manipulating Object Tables
• 9.6.3 Object Views
• 9.6.4 Privileges
• Chapter Summary
• Review Questions
• Exercises
• Part 3: Database Analysis and Design
• Chapter 10: Database System Development Lifecycle
• 10.1 The Information Systems Lifecycle
• 10.2 The Database System Development Lifecycle
• 10.3 Database Planning
• 10.4 System Definition
• 10.4.1 User Views
• 10.5 Requirements Collection and Analysis
• 10.5.1 Centralized Approach
• 10.5.2 View Integration Approach
• 10.6 Database Design
• 10.6.1 Approaches to Database Design
• 10.6.2 Data Modeling
• 10.6.3 Phases of Database Design
• 10.7 DBMS Selection
• 10.7.1 Selecting the DBMS
• 10.8 Application Design
• 10.8.1 Transaction Design
• 10.8.2 User Interface Design Guidelines
• 10.9 Prototyping
• 10.10 Implementation
• 10.11 Data Conversion and Loading
• 10.12 Testing
• 10.13 Operational Maintenance
• 10.14 CASE Tools
• Chapter Summary
• Review Questions
• Exercises
• Chapter 11: Database Analysis and the DreamHome Case Study
• 11.1 When Are Fact-Finding Techniques Used?
• 11.2 What Facts Are Collected?
• 11.3 Fact-Finding Techniques
• 11.3.1 Examining Documentation
• 11.3.2 Interviewing
• 11.3.3 Observing the Enterprise in Operation
• 11.3.4 Research
• 11.3.5 Questionnaires
• 11.4 Using Fact-Finding Techniques: A Worked -Example
• 11.4.1 The DreamHome Case Study—An Overview of the Current System
• 11.4.2 The DreamHome Case Study—Database Planning
• 11.4.3 The DreamHome Case Study—System Definition
• 11.4.4 The DreamHome Case Study—Requirements Collection and Analysis
• 11.4.5 The DreamHome Case Study—Database Design
• Chapter Summary
• Review Questions
• Exercises
• Chapter 12: Entity–Relationship Modeling
• 12.1 Entity Types
• 12.2 Relationship Types
• 12.2.1 Degree of Relationship Type
• 12.2.2 Recursive Relationship
• 12.3 Attributes
• 12.3.1 Simple and Composite Attributes
• 12.3.2 Single-valued and Multi-valued Attributes
• 12.3.3 Derived Attributes
• 12.3.4 Keys
• 12.4 Strong and Weak Entity Types
• 12.5 Attributes on Relationships
• 12.6 Structural Constraints
• 12.6.1 One-to-One (1:1) Relationships
• 12.6.2 One-to-Many (1:*) Relationships
• 12.6.3 Many-to-Many (*:*) Relationships
• 12.6.4 Multiplicity for Complex Relationships
• 12.6.5 Cardinality and Participation Constraints
• 12.7 Problems with ER Models
• 12.7.1 Fan Traps
• 12.7.2 Chasm Traps
• Chapter Summary
• Review Questions
• Exercises
• Chapter 13: Enhanced Entity–Relationship Modeling
• 13.1 Specialization/Generalization
• 13.1.1 Superclasses and Subclasses
• 13.1.2 Superclass/Subclass Relationships
• 13.1.3 Attribute Inheritance
• 13.1.4 Specialization Process
• 13.1.5 Generalization Process
• 13.1.6 Constraints on Specialization/Generalization
• 13.1.7 Worked Example of using Specialization/Generalization to Model the Branch View of the DreamHo
• 13.2 Aggregation
• 13.3 Composition
• Chapter Summary
• Review Questions
• Exercises
• Chapter 14: Normalization
• 14.1 The Purpose of Normalization
• 14.2 How Normalization Supports Database Design
• 14.3 Data Redundancy and Update Anomalies
• 14.3.1 Insertion Anomalies
• 14.3.2 Deletion Anomalies
• 14.3.3 Modification Anomalies
• 14.4 Functional Dependencies
• 14.4.1 Characteristics of Functional Dependencies
• 14.4.2 Identifying Functional Dependencies
• 14.4.3 Identifying the Primary Key for a Relation Using Functional Dependencies
• 14.5 The Process of Normalization
• 14.6 First Normal Form (1NF)
• 14.7 Second Normal Form (2NF)
• 14.8 Third Normal Form (3NF)
• 14.9 General Definitions of 2NF and 3NF
• Chapter Summary
• Review Questions
• Exercises
• Chapter 15: Advanced Normalization
• 15.1 More on Functional Dependencies
• 15.1.1 Inference Rules for Functional Dependencies
• 15.1.2 Minimal Sets of Functional Dependencies
• 15.2 Boyce–Codd Normal Form (BCNF)
• 15.2.1 Definition of BCNF
• 15.3 Review of Normalization Up to BCNF440
• 15.4 Fourth Normal Form (4NF)
• 15.4.1 Multi-Valued Dependency
• 15.4.2 Definition of Fourth Normal Form
• 15.5 Fifth Normal Form (5NF)
• 15.5.1 Lossless-Join Dependency
• 15.5.2 Definition of Fifth Normal Form
• Chapter Summary
• Review Questions
• Exercises
• Part 4: Methodology
• Chapter 16: Methodology—Conceptual Database Design
• 16.1 Introduction to the Database Design Methodology
• 16.1.1 What Is a Design Methodology?
• 16.1.2 Conceptual, Logical, and Physical Database Design
• 16.1.3 Critical Success Factors in Database Design
• 16.2 Overview of the Database Design Methodology
• 16.3 Conceptual Database Design Methodology
• Step 1: Build Conceptual Data Model
• Chapter Summary
• Review Questions
• Exercises
• Chapter 17: Methodology—Logical Database Design for the Relational Model
• 17.1 Logical Database Design Methodology for the Relational Model
• Step 2: Build Logical Data Model
• Chapter Summary
• Review Questions
• Exercises
• Chapter 18: Methodology—Physical Database Design for Relational Databases
• 18.1 Comparison of Logical and Physical Database Design
• 18.2 Overview of the Physical Database Design Methodology
• 18.3 The Physical Database Design Methodology for Relational Databases
• Step 3: Translate Logical Data Model for Target DBMS
• Step 4: Design File Organizations and Indexes
• Step 5: Design User Views
• Step 6: Design Security Mechanisms
• Chapter Summary
• Review Questions
• Exercises
• Chapter 19: Methodology—Monitoring and Tuning the Operational System
• 19.1 Denormalizing and Introducing Controlled Redundancy
• Step 7: Consider the Introduction of Controlled Redundancy
• 19.2 Monitoring the System to Improve Performance
• Step 8: Monitor and Tune the Operational System
• Chapter Summary
• Review Questions
• Exercises
• Part 5: Selected Database Issues
• Chapter 20: Security and Administration
• 20.1 Database Security
• 20.1.1 Threats
• 20.2 Countermeasures—Computer-Based Controls
• 20.2.1 Authorization
• 20.2.2 Access Controls
• 20.2.3 Views
• 20.2.4 Backup and Recovery
• 20.2.5 Integrity
• 20.2.6 Encryption
• 20.2.7 RAID (Redundant Array of Independent Disks)
• 20.3 Security in Microsoft Office Access DBMS
• 20.4 Security in Oracle DBMS
• 20.5 DBMSs and Web Security
• 20.5.1 Proxy Servers
• 20.5.2 Firewalls
• 20.5.3 Message Digest Algorithms and Digital Signatures
• 20.5.4 Digital Certificates
• 20.5.5 Kerberos
• 20.5.6 Secure Sockets Layer and Secure HTTP
• 20.5.7 Secure Electronic Transactions and Secure Transaction Technology
• 20.5.8 Java Security
• 20.5.9 ActiveX Security
• 20.6 Data Administration and Database Administration
• 20.6.1 Data Administration
• 20.6.2 Database Administration
• 20.6.3 Comparison of Data and Database Administration
• Chapter Summary
• Review Questions
• Exercises
• Chapter 21: Professional, Legal, and Ethical Issues in Data Management
• 21.1 Defining Legal and Ethical Issues in IT
• 21.1.1 Defining Ethics in the Context of IT
• 21.1.2 The Difference Between Ethical and Legal Behavior
• 21.1.3 Ethical Behavior in IT
• 21.2 Legislation and Its Impact on the IT Function
• 21.2.1 Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) Regulation National Market System (NMS)
• 21.2.2 The Sarbanes-Oxley Act, COBIT, and COSO
• 21.2.3 The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
• 21.2.4 The European Union (EU) Directive on Data Protection of 1995
• 21.2.5 The United Kingdom’s Data Protection Act of 1998
• 21.2.6 Access to Information Laws
• 21.2.7 International Banking—Basel II Accords
• 21.3 Establishing a Culture of Legal and Ethical Data Stewardship
• 21.3.1 Developing an Organization-Wide Policy for Legal and Ethical Behavior
• 21.3.2 Professional Organizations and Codes of Ethics
• 21.3.3 Developing an Organization-Wide Policy for Legal and Ethical Behavior for DreamHome
• 21.4 Intellectual Property
• 21.4.1 Patent
• 21.4.2 Copyright
• 21.4.3 Trademark
• 21.4.4 Intellectual Property Rights Issues for Software
• 21.4.5 Intellectual Property Rights Issues for Data
• Chapter Summary
• Review Questions
• Exercises
• Chapter 22: Transaction Management
• 22.1 Transaction Support
• 22.1.1 Properties of Transactions
• 22.1.2 Database Architecture
• 22.2 Concurrency Control
• 22.2.1 The Need for Concurrency Control
• 22.2.2 Serializability and Recoverability
• 22.2.3 Locking Methods
• 22.2.4 Deadlock
• 22.2.5 Timestamping Methods
• 22.2.6 Multiversion Timestamp Ordering
• 22.2.7 Optimistic Techniques
• 22.2.8 Granularity of Data Items
• 22.3 Database Recovery
• 22.3.1 The Need for Recovery
• 22.3.2 Transactions and Recovery
• 22.3.3 Recovery Facilities
• 22.3.4 Recovery Techniques
• 22.3.5 Recovery in a Distributed DBMS
• 22.4 Advanced Transaction Models
• 22.4.1 Nested Transaction Model
• 22.4.2 Sagas
• 22.4.3 Multilevel Transaction Model
• 22.4.4 Dynamic Restructuring
• 22.4.5 Workflow Models
• 22.5 Concurrency Control and Recovery in Oracle
• 22.5.1 Oracle’s Isolation Levels
• 22.5.2 Multiversion Read Consistency
• 22.5.3 Deadlock Detection
• 22.5.4 Backup and Recovery
• Chapter Summary
• Review Questions
• Exercises
• Chapter 23: Query Processing
• 23.1 Overview of Query Processing
• 23.2 Query Decomposition
• 23.3 Heuristical Approach to Query Optimization
• 23.3.1 Transformation Rules for the Relational Algebra Operations
• 23.3.2 Heuristical Processing Strategies
• 23.4 Cost Estimation for the Relational Algebra Operations
• 23.4.1 Database Statistics
• 23.4.2 Selection Operation (S = σp(R))
• 23.4.3 Join Operation (T = (R ⋈F S))
• 23.4.4 Projection Operation (S = пA1, A2, . . . , A m(R))
• 23.4.5 The Relational Algebra Set Operations (T = R ∪ S, T = R ∩ S, T = R – S)
• 23.5 Enumeration of Alternative Execution Strategies
• 23.5.1 Pipelining
• 23.5.2 Linear Trees
• 23.5.3 Physical Operators and Execution Strategies
• 23.5.4 Reducing the Search Space
• 23.5.5 Enumerating Left-Deep Trees
• 23.5.6 Semantic Query Optimization
• 23.5.7 Alternative Approaches to Query Optimization
• 23.5.8 Distributed Query Optimization
• 23.6 Query Processing and Optimization
• 23.6.1 New Index Types
• 23.7 Query Optimization in Oracle
• 23.7.1 Rule-Based and Cost-Based Optimization
• 23.7.2 Histograms
• 23.7.3 Viewing the Execution Plan
• Chapter Summary
• Review Questions
• Exercises
• Part 6: Distributed DBMSs and Replication
• Chapter 24: Distributed DBMSs—Concepts and Design
• 24.1 Introduction
• 24.1.1 Concepts
• 24.1.2 Advantages and Disadvantages of DDBMSs
• 24.1.3 Homogeneous and Heterogeneous DDBMSs
• 24.2 Overview of Networking
• 24.3 Functions and Architectures of a DDBMS
• 24.3.1 Functions of a DDBMS
• 24.3.2 Reference Architecture for a DDBMS
• 24.3.3 Reference Architecture for a Federated MDBS
• 24.3.4 Component Architecture for a DDBMS
• 24.4 Distributed Relational Database Design
• 24.4.1 Data Allocation
• 24.4.2 Fragmentation
• 24.5 Transparencies in a DDBMS
• 24.5.1 Distribution Transparency
• 24.5.2 Transaction Transparency
• 24.5.3 Performance Transparency
• 24.5.4 DBMS Transparency
• 24.5.5 Summary of Transparencies in a DDBMS
• 24.6 Date’s Twelve Rules for a DDBMS
• Chapter Summary
• Review Questions
• Exercises
• Chapter 25: Distributed DBMSs—Advanced Concepts
• 25.1 Distributed Transaction Management
• 25.2 Distributed Concurrency Control
• 25.2.1 Objectives
• 25.2.2 Distributed Serializability
• 25.2.3 Locking Protocols
• 25.3 Distributed Deadlock Management
• 25.4 Distributed Database Recovery
• 25.4.1 Failures in a Distributed Environment
• 25.4.2 How Failures Affect Recovery
• 25.4.3 Two-Phase Commit (2PC)
• 25.4.4 Three-Phase Commit (3PC)
• 25.4.5 Network Partitioning
• 25.5 The X/Open Distributed Transaction Processing Model
• 25.6 Distributed Query Optimization
• 25.6.1 Data Localization
• 25.6.2 Distributed Joins
• 25.6.3 Global Optimization
• 25.7 Distribution in Oracle
• 25.7.1 Oracle’s DDBMS Functionality
• Chapter Summary
• Review Questions
• Exercises
• Chapter 26: Replication and Mobile Databases
• 26.1 Introduction to Data Replication
• 26.1.1 Applications of Replication
• 26.1.2 Replication Model
• 26.1.3 Functional Model of Replication Protocols
• 26.1.4 Consistency
• 26.2 Replication Architecture
• 26.2.1 Kernel-Based Replication
• 26.2.2 Middleware-Based Replication
• 26.2.3 Processing of Updates
• 26.2.4 Propagation of Updates
• 26.2.5 Update Location (Data Ownership)
• 26.2.6 Termination Protocols
• 26.3 Replication Schemes
• 26.3.1 Eager Primary Copy
• 26.3.2 Lazy Primary Copy
• 26.3.3 Eager Update Anywhere
• 26.3.4 Lazy Update Anywhere
• 26.3.5 Update Anywhere with Uniform Total Order Broadcast
• 26.3.6 SI and Uniform Total Order Broadcast Replication
• 26.4 Introduction to Mobile Databases
• 26.4.1 Mobile DBMSs
• 26.4.2 Issues with Mobile DBMSs
• 26.5 Oracle Replication
• 26.5.1 Oracle’s Replication Functionality
• Chapter Summary
• Review Questions
• Exercises
• Part 7: Object DBMSs
• Chapter 27: Object-Oriented DBMSs—Concepts and Design
• 27.1 Next-Generation Database Systems
• 27.2 Introduction to OODBMSs
• 27.2.1 Definition of Object-Oriented DBMSs
• 27.2.2 Functional Data Models
• 27.2.3 Persistent Programming Languages
• 27.2.4 Alternative Strategies for Developing an OODBMS
• 27.3 Persistence in OODBMSs
• 27.3.1 Pointer Swizzling Techniques
• 27.3.2 Accessing an Object
• 27.3.3 Persistence Schemes
• 27.3.4 Orthogonal Persistence
• 27.4 Issues in OODBMSs
• 27.4.1 Transactions
• 27.4.2 Versions
• 27.4.3 Schema Evolution
• 27.4.4 Architecture
• 27.4.5 Benchmarking
• 27.5 Advantages and Disadvantages of OODBMSs
• 27.5.1 Advantages
• 27.5.2 Disadvantages
• 27.6 Comparison of ORDBMS and OODBMS
• 27.7 Object-Oriented Database Design
• 27.7.1 Comparison of Object-Oriented Data Modeling and Conceptual Data Modeling
• 27.7.2 Relationships and Referential Integrity
• 27.7.3 Behavioral Design
• 27.8 Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with UML
• 27.8.1 UML Diagrams
• 27.8.2 Usage of UML in the Methodology for Database Design
• Chapter Summary
• Review Questions
• Exercises
• Chapter 28: Object-Oriented DBMSs—Standards and Systems
• 28.1 Object Management Group
• 28.1.1 Background
• 28.1.2 The Common Object Request Broker Architecture
• 28.1.3 Other OMG Specifications
• 28.1.4 Model-Driven Architecture
• 28.2 Object Data Standard ODMG 3.0, 1999
• 28.2.1 Object Data Management Group
• 28.2.2 The Object Model
• 28.2.3 The Object Definition Language
• 28.2.4 The Object Query Language
• 28.2.5 Other Parts of the ODMG Standard
• 28.2.6 Mapping the Conceptual Design to a Logical (Object-Oriented) Design
• 28.3 ObjectStore
• 28.3.1 Architecture
• 28.3.2 Building an ObjectStore Application
• 28.3.3 Data Definition in ObjectStore
• 28.3.4 Data Manipulation in ObjectStore
• Chapter Summary
• Review Questions
• Exercises
• Part 8: The Web and DBMSs
• Chapter 29: Web Technology and DBMSs
• 29.1 Introduction to the Internet and the Web
• 29.1.1 Intranets and Extranets
• 29.1.2 e-Commerce and e-Business
• 29.2 The Web
• 29.2.1 HyperText Transfer Protocol
• 29.2.2 HyperText Markup Language
• 29.2.3 Uniform Resource Locators
• 29.2.4 Static and Dynamic Web Pages
• 29.2.5 Web Services
• 29.2.6 Requirements for Web–DBMS Integration
• 29.2.7 Advantages and Disadvantages of the Web–DBMS Approach
• 29.2.8 Approaches to Integrating the Web and DBMSs
• 29.3 Scripting Languages
• 29.3.1 JavaScript and JScript
• 29.3.2 VBScript
• 29.3.3 Perl and PHP
• 29.4 Common Gateway Interface (CGI)
• 29.4.1 Passing Information to a CGI Script
• 29.4.2 Advantages and Disadvantages of CGI
• 29.5 HTTP Cookies
• 29.6 Extending the Web Server
• 29.6.1 Comparison of CGI and API
• 29.7 Java
• 29.7.1 JDBC
• 29.7.2 SQLJ
• 29.7.3 Comparison of JDBC and SQLJ
• 29.7.4 Container-Managed Persistence (CMP)
• 29.7.5 Java Data Objects (JDO)
• 29.7.6 JPA (Java Persistence API)
• 29.7.7 Java Servlets
• 29.7.8 JavaServer Pages
• 29.7.9 Java Web Services
• 29.8 Microsoft’s Web Platform
• 29.8.1 Universal Data Access
• 29.8.2 Active Server Pages and ActiveX Data Objects
• 29.8.3 Remote Data Services
• 29.8.4 Comparison of ASP and JSP
• 29.8.5 Microsoft .NET
• 29.8.6 Microsoft Web Services
• 29.9 Oracle Internet Platform
• 29.9.1 Oracle WebLogic Server
• 29.9.2 Oracle Metadata Repository
• 29.9.3 Oracle Identity Management
• 29.9.4 Oracle Portal
• 29.9.5 Oracle WebCenter
• 29.9.6 Oracle Business Intelligence (BI) Discoverer
• 29.9.7 Oracle SOA (Service-Oriented Architecture) Suite
• Chapter Summary
• Review Questions
• Exercises
• Chapter 30: Semistructured Data and XML
• 30.1 Semistructured Data
• 30.1.1 Object Exchange Model (OEM)
• 30.1.2 Lore and Lorel
• 30.2 Introduction to XML
• 30.2.1 Overview of XML
• 30.2.2 Document Type Definitions (DTDs)
• 30.3 XML-Related Technologies
• 30.3.1 DOM and SAX Interfaces
• 30.3.2 Namespaces
• 30.3.3 XSL and XSLT
• 30.3.4 XPath (XML Path Language)
• 30.3.5 XPointer (XML Pointer Language)
• 30.3.6 XLink (XML Linking Language)
• 30.3.7 XHTML
• 30.3.8 Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP)
• 30.3.9 Web Services Description Language (WSDL)
• 30.3.10 Universal Discovery, Description, and Integration (UDDI)
• 30.3.11 JSON (JavaScript Object Notation)
• 30.4 XML Schema
• 30.4.1 Resource Description Framework (RDF)
• 30.5 XML Query Languages
• 30.5.1 Extending Lore and Lorel to Handle XML
• 30.5.2 XML Query Working Group
• 30.5.3 XQuery—A Query Language for XML
• 30.5.4 XML Information Set
• 30.5.5 XQuery 1.0 and XPath 2.0 Data Model (XDM)
• 30.5.6 XQuery Update Facility 1.0
• 30.5.7 Formal Semantics
• 30.6 XML and Databases
• 30.6.1 Storing XML in Databases
• 30.6.2 XML and SQL
• 30.6.3 Native XML Databases
• 30.7 XML in Oracle
• Chapter Summary
• Review Questions
• Exercises
• Part 9: Business Intelligence
• Chapter 31: Data Warehousing Concepts
• 31.1 Introduction to Data Warehousing
• 31.1.1 The Evolution of Data Warehousing
• 31.1.2 Data Warehousing Concepts
• 31.1.3 Benefits of Data Warehousing
• 31.1.4 Comparison of OLTP Systems and Data Warehousing
• 31.1.5 Problems of Data Warehousing
• 31.1.6 Real-Time Data Warehouse
• 31.2 Data Warehouse Architecture
• 31.2.1 Operational Data
• 31.2.2 Operational Data Store
• 31.2.3 ETL Manager
• 31.2.4 Warehouse Manager
• 31.2.5 Query Manager
• 31.2.6 Detailed Data
• 31.2.7 Lightly and Highly Summarized Data
• 31.2.8 Archive/Backup Data
• 31.2.9 Metadata
• 31.2.10 End-User Access Tools
• 31.3 Data Warehousing Tools and Technologies
• 31.3.1 Extraction, Transformation, and Loading (ETL)
• 31.3.2 Data Warehouse DBMS
• 31.3.3 Data Warehouse Metadata
• 31.3.4 Administration and Management Tools
• 31.4 Data Mart
• 31.4.1 Reasons for Creating a Data Mart
• 31.5 Data Warehousing and Temporal Databases
• 31.5.1 Temporal Extensions to the SQL Standard
• 31.6 Data Warehousing Using Oracle
• 31.6.1 Warehouse Features in Oracle 11g
• 31.6.2 Oracle Support for Temporal Data
• Chapter Summary
• Review Questions
• Exercises
• Chapter 32: Data Warehousing Design
• 32.1 Designing a Data Warehouse Database
• 32.2 Data Warehouse Development Methodologies
• 32.3 Kimball’s Business Dimensional Lifecycle
• 32.4 Dimensionality Modeling
• 32.4.1 Comparison of DM and ER models
• 32.5 The Dimensional Modeling Stage of Kimball’s Business Dimensional Lifecycle
• 32.5.1 Create a High-Level Dimensional Model (Phase I)
• 32.5.2 Identify All Dimension Attributes for the Dimensional Model (Phase II)
• 32.6 Data Warehouse Development Issues
• 32.7 Data Warehousing Design Using Oracle
• 32.7.1 Oracle Warehouse Builder Components
• 32.7.2 Using Oracle Warehouse Builder
• 32.7.3 Warehouse Builder Features in Oracle 11g
• Chapter Summary
• Review Questions
• Exercises
• Chapter 33: OLAP
• 33.1 Online Analytical Processing
• 33.1.1 OLAP Benchmarks
• 33.2 OLAP Applications
• 33.3 Multidimensional Data Model
• 33.3.1 Alternative Multidimensional Data Representations
• 33.3.2 Dimensional Hierarchy
• 33.3.3 Multidimensional Operations
• 33.3.4 Multidimensional Schemas
• 33.4 OLAP Tools
• 33.4.1 Codd’s Rules for OLAP Tools
• 33.4.2 OLAP Server—Implementation Issues
• 33.4.3 Categories of OLAP Servers
• 33.5 OLAP Extensions to the SQL Standard
• 33.5.1 Extended Grouping Capabilities
• 33.5.2 Elementary OLAP Operators
• 33.6 Oracle OLAP
• 33.6.1 Oracle OLAP Environment
• 33.6.2 Platform for Business Intelligence Applications
• 33.6.3 Oracle Database
• 33.6.4 Oracle OLAP
• 33.6.5 Performance
• 33.6.6 System Management
• 33.6.7 System Requirements
• 33.6.8 OLAP Features in Oracle 11g
• Chapter Summary
• Review Questions
• Exercises
• Chapter 34: Data Mining
• 34.1 Data Mining
• 34.2 Data Mining Techniques
• 34.2.1 Predictive Modeling
• 34.2.2 Database Segmentation
• 34.2.3 Link Analysis
• 34.2.4 Deviation Detection
• 34.3 The Data Mining Process
• 34.3.1 The CRISP-DM Model
• 34.4 Data Mining Tools
• 34.5 Data Mining and Data Warehousing
• 34.6 Oracle Data Mining (ODM)
• 34.6.1 Data Mining Capabilities
• 34.6.2 Enabling Data Mining Applications
• 34.6.3 Predictions and Insights
• 34.6.4 Oracle Data Mining Environment
• 34.6.5 Data Mining Features in Oracle 11g
• Chapter Summary
• Review Questions
• Exercises
• Appendices
• A Users’ Requirements Specification for DreamHome Case Study
• A.1 Branch User Views of DreamHome
• A.1.1 Data Requirements
• A.1.2 Transaction Requirements (Sample)
• A.2 Staff User Views of DreamHome
• A.2.1 Data Requirements
• A.2.2 Transaction Requirements (Sample)
• B Other Case Studies
• B.1 The University Accommodation Office Case Study
• B.1.1 Data Requirements
• B.1.2 Query Transactions (Sample)
• B.2 The EasyDrive School of Motoring Case Study
• B.2.1 Data Requirements
• B.2.2 Query Transactions (Sample)
• B.3 The Wellmeadows Hospital Case Study
• B.3.1 Data Requirements
• B.3.2 Transaction Requirements (Sample)
• C Alternative ER Modeling Notations
• C.1 ER Modeling Using the Chen Notation
• C.2 ER Modeling Using the Crow’s Feet Notation
• D Summary of the Database Design Methodology for Relational Databases
• Step 1: Build Conceptual Data Model
• Step 2: Build Logical Data Model
• Step 3: Translate Logical Data Model for Target DBMS
• Step 4: Design File Organizations and Indexes
• Step 5: Design User Views
• Step 6: Design Security Mechanisms
• Step 7: Consider the Introduction of Controlled Redundancy
• Step 8: Monitor and Tune the Operational System
• E Introduction to Pyrrho: A Lightweight RDBMS
• E.1 Pyrrho Features
• E.2 Download and Install Pyrrho
• E.3 Getting Started
• E.4 The Connection String
• E.5 Pyrrho’s Security Model
• E.6 Pyrrho SQL Syntax
• References
• Further Reading
• Index