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• Cover Image
• Table of Contents
• Front Matter
• Copyright
• Preface
• Chapter 1. Introduction to Descriptive Physical Oceanography
• 1.1. Overview
• 1.2. Space and TimeScales of Physical Oceanographic Phenomena
• Chapter 2. Ocean Dimensions, Shapes, and Bottom Materials
• 2.1. Dimensions
• 2.2. Plate Tectonics and Deep-Sea Topography
• 2.3. Seafloor Features
• 2.4. Spatial Scales
• 2.5. Shore, Coast, and Beach
• 2.6. Continental Shelf, Slope, and Rise
• 2.7. Deep Ocean
• 2.8. Sills, Straits, and Passages
• 2.9. Methods for Mapping Bottom Topography
• 2.10. Bottom Material
• 2.11. Ocean Basins
• Chapter 3. Physical Properties of Seawater
• 3.1. Molecular Properties of Water
• 3.2. Pressure
• 3.3. Thermal Properties of Seawater: Temperature, Heat, and Potential Temperature
• 3.4. Salinity and Conductivity
• 3.5. Density of Seawater
• 3.6. Tracers
• 3.7. Sound in the Sea
• 3.8. Light and the Sea
• 3.9. Ice in the Sea
• Chapter 4. Typical Distributions of Water Characteristics
• 4.1. Introduction
• 4.2. Temperature Distribution of the Oceans
• 4.3. Salinity Distribution
• 4.4. Density Distribution
• 4.5. Dissolved Oxygen
• 4.6. Nutrients and Other Tracers
• 4.7. Age, Turnover Time, and Ventilation Rate
• 4.8. Optical Properties of Seawater
• Chapter 5. Mass, Salt, and Heat Budgets and Wind Forcing
• 5.1. Conservation of Volume and Mass
• 5.2. Conservation of Salt
• 5.3. Three Examples of the two Conservation Principles
• 5.4. Conservation of Heat Energy; the Heat Budget
• 5.5. Geographic Distribution and Temporal Variation of the Heat-Budget Terms
• 5.6. Meridional Heat Transport
• 5.7. Buoyancy Fluxes
• 5.8. Wind Forcing
• Chapter 6. Data Analysis Concepts and Observational Methods
• 6.1. Oceanographic Sampling
• 6.2. Observational Error
• 6.3. Basic Statistical Concepts
• 6.4. Variation in Space: Profiles, Vertical Sections, and Horizontal Maps
• 6.5. Variation in Time
• 6.6. Multidimensional Sampling
• 6.7. Water Property (Water Mass) Analyses
• Chapter 7. Dynamical Processes for Descriptive Ocean Circulation
• 7.1. Introduction: Mechanisms
• 7.2. Momentum Balance
• 7.3. Temperature, Salinity, and Density Evolution
• 7.4. Mixing Layers
• 7.5. Response to Wind Forcing
• 7.6. Geostrophic Balance
• 7.7. Vorticity, Potential Vorticity, Rossby and Kelvin Waves, and Instabilities
• 7.8. Wind-Driven Circulation: Sverdrup Balance and Western Boundary Currents
• 7.9. Wind-Driven Circulation: Eastern Boundary Currents and Equatorial Circulation
• 7.10. Buoyancy (Thermohaline) Forcing and Abyssal Circulation
• Chapter 8. Gravity Waves, Tides, and Coastal Oceanography
• 8.1. Introduction
• 8.2. General Properties of Waves
• 8.3. Surface Gravity Waves
• 8.4. Internal Gravity Waves
• 8.5. Large-Scale Continental Shelf and Coastal-Trapped Waves
• 8.6. Tides
• 8.7. Water Properties in Coastal Regions: River Runoff
• 8.8. Estuaries
• 8.9. Coral Reefs
• 8.10. Adjacent Seas
• Chapter 9. Atlantic Ocean
• 9.1. Introduction and Overview
• 9.2. Forcing
• 9.3. North Atlantic Circulation
• 9.4. Tropical Atlantic Circulation
• 9.5. South Atlantic Circulation
• 9.6. Depth Dependence of the Atlantic Ocean Circulation
• 9.7. Meridional Overturning Circulation in the Atlantic
• 9.8. Atlantic Ocean Water Masses
• 9.9. Climate and the Atlantic Ocean
• Chapter 10. Pacific Ocean
• 10.1. Introduction and Overview
• 10.2. Wind and Buoyancy Forcing
• 10.3. North Pacific Circulation
• 10.4. South Pacific Circulation
• 10.5. Pacific Ocean Mesoscale Eddy Variability
• 10.6. Depth Dependence of the Pacific Ocean Circulation and Meridional Overturn
• 10.7. Tropical Pacific Circulation and Water Properties
• 10.8. El Niño/ La Niña and The Southern Oscillation (ENSO)
• 10.9. Pacific Ocean Water Masses
• 10.10. Decadal Climate Variability and Climate Change
• Chapter 11. Indian Ocean
• 11.1. Introduction and Overview
• 11.2. Wind and Buoyancy Forcing
• 11.3. Monsoonal and Tropical Ocean Circulation
• 11.4. South Indian Ocean Subtropical Circulation
• 11.5. Indonesian Throughflow
• 11.6. Red Sea and Persian Gulf Outflows
• 11.7. Intermediate and Deep Circulation
• 11.8. Water Masses
• 11.9. Climate and the Indian Ocean
• Chapter 12. Arctic Ocean and Nordic Seas
• 12.1. Introduction
• 12.2. The Nordic Seas
• 12.3. Baffin Bay and Hudson Bay
• 12.4. Arctic Ocean: Circulation and Ice Drift
• 12.5. Arctic Ocean Water Masses
• 12.6. Arctic Ocean Transports and Budgets
• 12.7. Sea Ice in the Arctic
• 12.8. Climate Variations and the Arctic
• Chapter 13. Southern Ocean
• 13.1. Introduction
• 13.2. Forcing
• 13.3. Southern Ocean Fronts and Zones
• 13.4. Southern Ocean Circulation and Transports
• 13.5. Southern Ocean Water Masses
• 13.6. Eddies in the Southern Ocean
• 13.7. Sea Ice in the Southern Ocean
• 13.8. Climate Variability in the Southern Ocean
• Chapter 14. Global Circulation and Water Properties
• 14.1. Global Circulation
• 14.2. Global Mass Transports and Overturning Circulation
• 14.3. Heat and Freshwater Transports and Ocean Circulation
• 14.4. Global Property Distributions
• 14.5. Eddy Variability and Diffusivity
• 14.6. Climate and the Global Ocean
• Chapter S1. Brief History of Physical Oceanography
• S1.1. Scientists on Ships
• S1.2. Organized Expeditions Prior to the Twentieth Century
• S1.3. Scandinavian Contributions and the Dynamic Method
• S1.4. The Meteor Expedition
• S1.5. World War II and Mid-Twentieth Century Physical Oceanography
• S1.6. A Brief History of Numerical Modeling in Physical Oceanography
• Chapter S4. Typical Distributions of Water Characteristics
• Chapter S5. Mass, Salt, and Heat Budgets and Wind Forcing
• Chapter S6. Data Analysis Concepts and Observational Methods
• Chapter S7. Dynamical Processes for Descriptive Ocean Circulation
• 7.1. Introduction: Mechanisms
• 7.2. Momentum Balance
• 7.3. Temperature, Salinity, and Density Evolution
• 7.4. Mixing Layers
• 7.5. Response to Wind Forcing
• 7.6. Geostrophic Balance
• 7.7. Vorticity, Potential Vorticity, Rossby and Kelvin Waves, and Instabilities
• 7.8. Wind-Driven Circulation: Sverdrup Balance and Western Boundary Currents
• 7.9. Wind-Driven Circulation: Eastern Boundary Currents and Equatorial Circulation
• 7.10. Buoyancy (Thermohaline) Forcing and Abyssal Circulation
• Chapter S8. Gravity Waves, Tides, and Coastal Oceanography
• S8.7. Water Properties in Coastal Regions: River Runoff
• S8.8. Estuaries
• S8.9. Coral Reefs
• S8.10. Adjacent Seas
• Chapter S9. Atlantic Ocean
• Chapter S10. Pacific Ocean
• Chapter S11. Indian Ocean: Supplementary Materials
• Chapter S12. The Arctic Ocean and Nordic Seas
• Chapter S13. Southern Ocean
• Chapter S14. Global Circulation and Water Properties
• Chapter S15. Climate and the Oceans
• S15.1. Introduction
• S15.2. Climate and the Atlantic Ocean
• S15.3. Climate and the Pacific Ocean
• S15.4. Climate and the Indian Ocean
• S15.5. Climate and the Arctic Ocean
• S15.6. Climate and the Southern Ocean
• S15.7. Global Ocean Climate Change
• Chapter S16. Instruments and Methods
• S16.1. The Impact of Space and Timescales on Sampling and Instrumentation
• S16.2. Platforms
• S16.3. Depth and Pressure Measurements
• S16.4. Water Property Measurements (Temperature, Salinity, Density, and Tracers)
• S16.5. Current Measurements
• S16.6. Acoustic Methods for Observing Changes in Temperature or Density
• S16.7. Sea-Level Measurement
• S16.8. Radiation and Optical Measurements
• S16.9. Satellites
• s16.10. Data Archives and Data Centers
• References
• Color Plates
• Index
• Added Refs from Supplemental Material