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• Descriptive Psychology and the Person Concept: Essential Attributes of Persons and Behavior
• Copyright
• Contents
• Preface
• Chapter 1: What Is Descriptive Psychology and The Person Concept?
• Let’s Start With “People Make Sense”
• A Few Remarks on Science and What a Science of Persons Should Respect
• The Descriptive Maxims: Behavioral Logic and Some Reminders for Well-formed Descriptions
• The Original Nine Maxims
• Chapter 2: Individual Persons, Personhood, and the Problem of Definition
• Paradigm Case Formulations
• PCF of Family
• Three Definitions and a Paradigm Case Formulation of Persons
• A Paradigm Case Formulation of a Person
• Deliberate Actions and Intrinsic Motivation
• What About Language and Verbal Behavior?
• Individual Differences and Person Characteristics
• Powers
• Abilities, Competence, and Skill
• Knowledge
• Values
• Dispositions
• Additional Individual Difference and Personal Characteristic Categories
• States
• Capacities
• Embodiment
• Some Embodiment Theory
• Through-lines and the Dramaturgical Pattern
• Examples of Through-lines
• Nonhuman Through-lines
• Through-lines and Dogs—The Significance in Dog Psychology
• Some Limitations to a Dog’s Through-lines
• Some Implications
• What About Other Animals?
• Some Ethics About the Uncertainty of Personhood—Another Value Judgment Will Follow
• Chapter 3: Behavior as Intentional Action
• Some Quibbling about Conceptualization and Theory
• Some Action Vocabulary
• Intentionality, Back Where It Belongs
• What About Robots?
• Observation, Performance, Meaning, and Significance and Some Preliminary Connections to Verbal Behav
• We Need a Common Lexicon
• At Last! The Parametric Analysis
• The Formulation of Intentional Action
• The Parametric Analysis of Intentional Action
• Identity (I)
• Wants (W)
• Some Thoughts on Empirically Identifying or Interpreting Wants and Motivations
• Knows (K)
• Know How (KH)
• Some Issues Attending Know How Deficits
• Performance (P) and Achievement (A)
• Significance (S)
• Significance, Implementation of Significance (Performance), and Some Thoughts About Psychotherapy
• Some Examples and Dilemmas of Significance to the Actor and the Observer
• Personal Characteristics (PC)
• A Brief Summary and Some Practical Questions for Structured Interviews
• Some Notational Devices: The Intentional Action Diamond, Agency Descriptions, and Self-regulation
• The Actor-Observer-Critic Model of Self-regulation and the Dramaturgical Pattern
• The Actor and the Drama (All the World’s a Stage)
• Authenticity and the Actor
• The Observer-Describer
• The Critic
• Appraisals, Final-Order Appraisals (FOAs), and Altered States of Consciousness
• Hypnosis as a Test Case
• Back to the AOC Feedback Loop
• Chapter 4: The Judgment Diagram, Some Categories of Cognizance, and the Unconscious
• A Distressing Example and Some Grouping of Reasons
• The Overall Observed Circumstance
• The Teacher’s Relevant Circumstances (c) and Personal Characteristics (Weighted Values)
• Decision and Behavior
• The Judgment Diagram Modified for Problems in Social and Self-regulation
• A Theory-Neutral “Psychodynamic” Judgment Diagram
• A Three Domain Judgment Diagram Designed for Actor-Observer-Critic Self-regulation Assessment
• Domain One: Aspects of Circumstances the Actor Easily Recognizes, Ones Where the Actor Might Reassig
• Domain Two: Aspects of Circumstances and Reasons only Reluctantly Recognized as Personally Significa
• Domain Three: Aspects of Circumstances and Reasons so Unthinkable or Intolerable, the Actor Is Unabl
• The Decision and Observed Behavior
• Implications and Stray Thoughts
• The Case of Tommy
• About Ambivalence and Conflict
• Some Content and Behavioral Logic of the Three Domains
• Domain One: The World of Easy Awareness
• Three Circumstances of Domain One
• Circumstance One
• Circumstance Two
• Circumstance Three
• Examples of Circumstances One, Two, and Three Within Domain One
• Back to the Three Domain Judgment Diagram and Features of Domains Two and Three
• Domain Two and Three Are “Triggered”
• Empirically Speaking, What Do People Tend to Avoid and Disown?
• Domain Two: Reluctance, Bad Faith, and Self-deception
• Domain Three: Impossible and Intolerable Circumstances
• The Logical Structure of Defensive Distortion (Adapted from Peter Ossorio’s Persons, 1995)
• The Unthinkability Model
• Conclusions
• Implications
• Transference and Resistance Can Be Features of Both the Unthinkability and the Insistence Model
• The Insistence Model
• An Example and Some Clinical Implications
• Demystifying Projective Identification
• Interpretation, Redescription, and a Version of Cognitive Behavior Therapy
• On the Interpretation of Unconscious Action and Self-deception
• Chapter 5: Relationships, the Relationship Formula, and Emotional Competence
• What Are Relationships?
• The Relationship Formula
• The Relationship Change Formula
• Emotional Behavior
• Shared and Observable Relations Are Required for Naming Emotions (Sensations Won’t Do)
• Fear in Action
• What About Love?
• Steps Toward a Theory of Emotional Competence
• How Is Emotional Competence Facilitated?
• Emotional Competence and Related Themes
• Anxiety, Depression, and Overwhelming Sensation
• Chapter 6: Verbal Behavior, Language, and Linguistic Self-Regulation
• Ossorio’s Formulation
• Verbal Behavior Is Our Defining Social Practice and How I Earn My Keep
• What Is the Function of Language and the Status of the Speaker?
• Formal Aspects of the Place of Language and Verbal Behavior in the Person Concept
• The Descriptive Account of Verbal Behavior Is Preempirical
• Forms of Life, Social Practices, and Some More Wittgenstein
• Chapter 7: Community and Culture
• Community and Culture
• The Fifth Major Piece of the Person Concept
• The Concepts of Community and Culture
• Members
• Social Practices
• Statuses
• Concepts
• Locutions
• Choice Principles and Policies
• World
• Culture as a Special Sort of Community
• World
• Members
• Statuses
• Language
• Institutional Social Practices
• Choice Principles, Policies, and Values
• Some Behavioral Logic and Some Dilemmas: More Maxims
• Degradation, Accreditation, and Rites of Passage: Gains and Loss of Standing
• Some Effects of Degradation
• The Degraded Have Reason to React against the Community
• The Ceremony Can Be Accepted as the Natural Order of Things (or as Having Already Happened)
• Indoctrination and Degradation
• Microaggressions
• General Considerations for Undoing Degradation
• Accreditation Ceremonies, Psychotherapy, and Values
• Chapter 8: Reality and the Worlds
• Persons and the Elements of the World
• What Are the Elements of the World?
• State of Affairs System Transition Rules
• World Construction: The World Found Is the One Created
• A Person’s Place in the World Provides Behavior Potential
• Consciousness, Final-Order Appraisals, and World Maintenance
• Consciousness, Imagination, and the Opportunity of the Dream World
• World’s Change: Reconstruction of Worlds and Cultures
• Loss, Mourning, and Reconstruction
• Cultural and World Transformation and Reconstruction
• Trauma, Resilience, and World Reconstruction
• Monday April 15, 2013, Marathon Day
• Restoration Is Participation
• Chapter 9: Empathy in Practice: A Demonstration of Some Person Concepts
• What Do People Mean by Empathy?
• Theory of Mind
• Mirror Neurons
• How Is Empathy Described in the Work of Major Psychotherapy Theorists?
• A Very Brief History of the Concept of Empathy
• A Practical Example From Therapy
• Tommy Revisited
• Empathy and Empathic Action
• Empathy, Paradigm Case Formulation, Paradigmatic Social Practices Formulation, and Parametric Analys
• A PSPF of Empathic Action
• A PSPF Formulation of Empathy as Empathic Action
• Transformations
• An Example and a PA
• A Practical Checklist of Empathy Reminders
• The IA Parameters and Some Reminders for Psychotherapy
• Identity
• Wants and Values
• Knowledge and Knowing
• Know How and Toleration
• Significance, Through-lines, Accreditation, Degradation, and the Development of Character
• Personal Characteristics
• Afterword and Summary: Satisfaction and the Construction of Worlds or, At the End of the Day, How Do
• Appendix One: Ossorio’s Status Dynamic Maxims, Behavioral Logic, and Reminders for Proper Descript
• Appendix Two: A Glossary of Descriptive Psychology Concepts Compiled by Clarke Stone
• References
• Index
• Back Cover