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• Cover Page
• Title Page
• Copyright Page
• Contents
• Preface
• Acknowledgments
• Part One The Concept of Deviant Behavior
• Chapter 1 Perspectives on Deviants The Early Development of Criminal Deviance Theory
• Who Is Deviant?
• The Rational Deviant—The Classical School
• The Deviant as Determined—Positivist Criminology
• Examining the Physical Characteristics of Deviants
• Phrenology—The Beginning of the Scientific Study of the Deviant
• The Positivist School
• Critical Thinking Exercises
• Check it out on the Web
• Endnotes
• Chapter 2 Theories of Criminal Deviance
• Examining Heredity and Mental Deficiencies
• A Short Note on Eugenics
• Twin Studies
• The Bell Curve
• Physical Characteristics Revisited
• Biological Inferiority
• Somatology
• XYY Chromosome Syndrome
• Brain Malfunction
• Emerging Biology-Based Theories
• Personality Defects and Attributes
• Psychopathy
• Traits and Thinking
• Unconscious Motivation
• Sociobiology—Trailblazing or Backtracking?
• The Rise of Social Determinism
• Economic Influences
• Karl Marx
• Willem Bonger
• Anomie
• Durkheim’s Anomie
• Merton’s Anomie
• Subcultures of Deviance
• Social Disorganization and Learning
• Differential Association Theory
• Control Theory
• Classical Theory Revisited
• Women and Deviance Theories
• Integration of Theories
• Critical Thinking Exercises
• Check it out on the Web
• Endnotes
• Chapter 3 Why Is Certain Behavior Deviant?
• The Labeling Perspective
• The Production of Deviance
• The Effect of Labeling on Behavior
• Conflict Perspectives
• Culture Conflict
• Group Conflict
• Conflict and Authority
• Radical Theory
• Postmodern Criminology
• Once Again: What Is Deviant?
• Interest Group Conflict and Deviance
• Critical Thinking Exercises
• Check it out on the Web
• Endnotes
• Part Two Crime as Deviant Behavior
• Chapter 4 Crime in the Streets—Against the Person
• Measuring Crime
• Murder and Aggravated Assault
• Dimensions of Homicide
• Fact 1. The murder rate is declining.
• Fact 2. Murder is disproportionately high among young, lower-status, nonwhite males.
• Fact 3. Most murders are committed by persons acquainted with their victims.
• Fact 4. A significant proportion of murders occur over trivial matters.
• Fact 5. A significant proportion of murder victims contributed substantially to their own deaths.
• Fact 6. Alcohol and other drugs are associated with a large proportion of homicides.
• Violence:A U.S.Value
• The Subculture of Interpersonal Violence
• The Conflict over Guns
• Forcible Rape
• Dimensions of Rape
• Fact 1. The rape rate is generally declining.
• Fact 2. Rape is disproportionately high among young, lower-status nonwhites.
• Fact 3. The majority of rapes and attempted rapes are committed by nonstrangers.
• Fact 4. Most rapes are planned, not spontaneous, offenses.
• Fact 5. Alcohol is associated with a large proportion of reported rapes.
• Violence and Sex
• Violent Sex and Conflict
• Critical Thinking Exercises
• Check it out on the Web
• Endnotes
• Chapter 5 Crime in the Streets—Against Property
• Robbery
• Dimensions of Robbery
• Fact 1. The robbery rate has dramatically declined in the last few years according to both the UCR and the NCVS.
• Fact 2. Robbery is disproportionately high among young, lower-status nonwhite males.
• Fact 3. The majority of robberies are committed by strangers.
• Fact 4. The role of alcohol and other drugs in robbery is unclear.
• Fact 5. The majority of robberies do not involve injury to the victims.
• Types of Robbers
• Burglary
• Dimensions of Burglary
• Fact 1. The burglary rate is declining and has been doing so for a decade.
• Fact 2. The majority of persons arrested for burglary are young, white males.
• The World of Burglary
• Motor Vehicle Theft
• Dimensions of Motor Vehicle Theft
• Fact 1. The motor vehicle theft rate is declining.
• Fact 2. Most people who are arrested for motor vehicle theft are young, white males.
• Fact 3. Approximately two-thirds of the locally stolen vehicles are recovered.
• Joyriders, Professionals, and Others
• Larceny-Theft
• The Extent of Shoplifting
• Types of Shoplifters
• Reactions to Shoplifting
• Arson
• Types of Arsonists
• Larceny in the American Heart
• The Rip-Off Philosophy
• Critical Thinking Exercises
• Check it out on the Web
• Endnotes
• Chapter 6 Assaults against Children and Spouses
• Physical Abuse of Children
• Problems of Definition
• The Discovery and Medicalization of Physical Abuse
• Extent
• Characteristics
• Stress, Power, and Culture
• Spouse Abuse
• The Discovery of Spouse Abuse
• Extent
• Characteristics
• Stress and Power—Again
• Sexual Abuse of Children
• Extent
• Characteristics
• Types of Molesters and Their Offenses
• Incestuous Molester.
• High-Interaction Molester.
• Asocial Molester.
• Aged Molester.
• Career Molester.
• Spontaneous-Aggressive Molester.
• Adult–Child Sex: A Matter of Liberation?
• Critical Thinking Exercises
• Check it out on the Web
• Endnotes
• Chapter 7 Deviance and Organizations
• Employee Theft
• Pilferage
• Embezzlement
• Organizations as Victims
• Police Corruption
• Meat- and Grass-Eaters
• Rotten Apples or Rotten Barrels?
• Corporate Deviance
• Price-Fixing:A Fact of American Industry?
• “Would You Buy a Used Car from This Person?”
• “You Are What You Eat”
• The Badness of Good Business
• Organized Crime
• Characteristics and Structure
• From Muscle to Respectability
• Ethnic Succession
• Sources of Profit
• Illegal Goods and Services.
• Thievery and Fraud.
• Racketeering.
• Infiltration of Legitimate Business.
• Critical Thinking Exercises
• Check it out on the Web
• Endnotes
• Part Three Deviant Behavior in Contemporary Society
• Chapter 8 Deviant Drug Use
• Drug Use as Deviance
• Classification of Drugs
• Alcohol
• Alcohol as a Drug
• Alcohol Use and Deviance
• A Letter from Andy’s Parents
• A Letter from Andy
• Alcoholism, Disease, and Problem Drinking
• Correlates of Problem Drinking
• Heroin
• Heroin as a Drug
• Heroin Use and Deviance
• Correlates of Heroin Use
• Marijuana
• Marijuana as a Drug
• Marijuana Use and Deviance
• Correlates of Marijuana Use
• Cocaine
• Cocaine as a Drug
• Cocaine Use and Deviance
• Correlates of Cocaine Use
• Prescription Drug Abuse
• Performance-Enhancing Drugs
• Critical Thinking Exercises
• Check it out on the Web
• Endnotes
• Chapter 9 Mental Disorders
• What Is Mental Disorder?
• Correlates of Mental Disorder
• Genetics
• Social Class
• Minorities and Mental Health
• Family Setting
• Male/Female Differences
• Stress
• Disease or Label?
• Mental Disease as a Myth
• A Labeling Theory of Mental Disorder
• Criticisms and Contributions of Labeling Theory
• Conflict and the Therapeutic State
• Common Mental Disorders
• Depression
• Phobias
• Specific Phobias.
• Social Phobias.
• Agoraphobia.
• Treatment
• Critical Thinking Exercises
• Check it out on the Web
• Endnotes
• Chapter 10 Suicide
• Definition
• History of Suicide
• Current Attitudes toward Suicide
• Public Opinion and Public Policy
• Professional Opinion
• Sociological Theories of Suicide
• Social Integration
• Status Integration
• Community Migration
• Incidence of Suicide
• International
• United States
• Risk Factors and Correlates of Suicide
• Risk Factors for Suicide
• Biopsychosocial Risk Factors
• Environmental Risk Factors
• Sociocultural Risk Factors
• Psychological Risk Factors
• Correlates of Suicide
• Depression.
• Age.
• Sex.
• Marital Status.
• Gay and Lesbian Youths.
• Race and Ethnicity.
• Occupation and Social Status.
• Time Factors.
• Media Coverage and Copycat Clusters.
• Failure to Seek Help
• Warning Signs
• Precipitating Events
• Helping Someone Who Is Suicidal
• Attempting Suicide
• Physician-Assisted Suicide
• Prevention and Protection
• Critical Thinking Exercises
• Check it out on the Web
• Endnotes
• Chapter 11 Cyberdeviance
• Origins of the Computer Underground
• A Typology of the Computer Underground
• The Relevant Actors of the Computer Underground
• Hackers.
• Crackers.
• Phreakers.
• Warez D00dz.
• Lamers, Leeches, and Posers.
• Subcultures of Deviance in the Computer Underground
• Special Vocabulary.
• Shared Beliefs and Norms.
• Contact between Members.
• Specialized Way of Dressing and Acting.
• Is the Computer Underground a Subculture?
• Crime and the Internet
• Sexual Deviance and Cyberspace
• Opportunity for Sexual Deviance in Cyberspace
• An Interview with White Eagle
• Critical Thinking Exercises
• Check it out on the Web
• Endnotes
• Chapter 12 Sexual Deviance and Sexual Harassment
• An Interview with Tony
• Prostitution
• The Context of Prostitution
• Becoming a Prostitute
• The Pimp
• Prostitution and Conflict
• Homosexuality
• Homosexuality: Condition or Behavior?
• Becoming “Homosexual”
• Homosexuality as Deviance
• Blackmail.
• Physical Danger.
• Discrimination.
• Homosexuality and Conflict
• The Debate over Gay Marriage
• Sexual Harassment
• Critical Thinking Exercises
• Check it out on the Web
• Endnotes
• Name Index
• Subject Index