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• Preface
• Acknowledgments
• About the Authors
• CHAPTER 1 • Introduction to the Study of Deviant Behavior
• Introduction
• Defining Deviant Behavior
• PORTRAITS OF DEVIANCE: Expectational Norms
• The Situational Perspective and Societal Reaction
• Issues in the Study of Deviant Behavior
• Dimensions of Deviance
• Patterned Versus Idiosyncratic
• Positive Versus Negative
• Innovative Versus Routine
• Individual Versus Group Deviance
• Episodic Versus Chronic Deviance
• Functions of Deviant Behavior
• Other Functions of Deviant Behavior
• Globalization and Deviant Behavior
• DEVIANCE IN THE DIGITAL WORLD: Facebook
• The Theme of This Book
• A Conceptual Framework for the Study of Deviance
• Book Overview
• DEVIANCE IN GLOBAL CONTEXT: Deviant Globalization
• Special Features
• Organization
• Chapter Summary
• Key Concepts
• Critical Thinking Questions
• CHAPTER 2 • Theories of Deviant Behavior: I Classical Theories
• Introduction
• Evidence-Based Behavior Analysis
• What Is a Theory?
• Criteria for Evaluating a Theory
• The Classical School
• Recent Advances in Classical Thought: Neoclassical Thought
• Societal Reaction/Labeling Perspective
• PORTRAITS OF DEVIANCE: Juvenile Court and Tagging
• Social Control Theory
• DEVIANCE IN GLOBAL CONTEXT: The General Theory of Crime Across the Globe
• New Theoretical Approaches
• DEVIANCE IN THE DIGITAL WORLD: Social Media “Stars”
• Chapter Summary
• Key Names
• Key Concepts
• Critical Thinking Questions
• CHAPTER 3 • Theories of Deviant Behavior: II Contemporary Perspectives
• Introduction
• The Conflict Perspective
• Social Structure and Conflict
• DEVIANCE IN THE DIGITAL WORLD: Heckling a Drowning Man
• Feminism
• The Functionalist Perspective
• Social Integration
• Chicago School: Social Disorganization
• PORTRAITS OF DEVIANCE: Elijah Anderson: Code of the Street
• Differential Association/Social Learning
• Sutherland’s Nine Propositions of Differential Association
• DEVIANCE IN GLOBAL CONTEXT: Social Learning, Reinforcement, and Crime Across Europe
• Ronald Akers’s Social Learning Approach to Deviance
• Chapter Summary
• Key Names
• Key Concepts
• Critical Thinking Questions
• CHAPTER 4 • Homicide
• Introduction
• Types and Definitions of Homicide, Assault, and Battery
• Definitions of Assault and Battery
• Global Patterns of Homicide
• Gun-Related Homicide
• DEVIANCE IN GLOBAL CONTEXT: Homicide and Assault
• Patterns and Trends in Criminal Homicide in the United States
• Homicide Rates Across the United States
• Homicide Rates by Size of Place
• Age, Gender, and Race Patterns of Homicide in the United States
• Age
• Gender
• Race
• Age, Gender, and Race
• Homicide Victim–Offender Relationships
• Early Childhood
• AT A GLANCE: Patterns and Trends in Homicide
• Middle Childhood
• The Adolescent Years
• Juvenile Offenders
• Assault and Battery of Children
• Theories of Criminal Homicide and Assaultive Behavior
• DEVIANCE IN THE DIGITAL WORLD: WorldStarHipHop
• Social Integration
• Social Disorganization
• Routine Activities
• Strain
• Frustration–Aggression
• Unreciprocity
• Social Control
• Subcultural Considerations
• PORTRAITS OF DEVIANCE: Homicide as a Situated Transaction
• Victim-Precipitated Homicide
• Chapter Summary
• Key Concepts
• Critical Thinking Questions
• CHAPTER 5 • Domestic Violence
• Introduction
• Legal Definitions
• Social Definitions
• Extent and Nature of Domestic Violence
• Intimate Partner Violence
• Costs and Consequences of Domestic/Intimate Partner Violence
• Psychological and Behavioral Health Consequences
• Child Maltreatment
• Elder Abuse
• LGBT Abuse
• AT A GLANCE: Domestic/Intimate Partner Violence
• Risk Factors for Domestic Violence
• Why Do They Stay?
• PORTRAITS OF DEVIANCE: Women Lift the Veil on Abuse
• Cycle of Violence
• DEVIANCE IN THE DIGITAL WORLD: Tinder
• Corporal Punishment
• Theories of Domestic Violence
• Exchange/Social Control Model
• Power and Dominance
• Feminist Theory
• DEVIANCE IN GLOBAL CONTEXT: Globalization, Islam, and the Risk of Domestic Violence: The Case of the Maldives
• Subculture of Violence
• Routine Activities
• Strain
• Frustration–Aggression
• Unreciprocity
• Self-Control
• Social Learning Theory
• Chapter Summary
• Key Concepts
• Critical Thinking Questions
• CHAPTER 6 • Suicide and Life-Threatening Behaviors
• Introduction
• Medical/Legal Definitions of Suicide
• Suicide Around the World and in the United States
• Rate of Suicide in the United States
• DEVIANCE IN GLOBAL CONTEXT: Suicide in the People’s Republic of China
• Regional Differences in the United States
• Age, Gender, and Race
• Patterns of Suicide
• Women
• Indigenous Americans
• Elderly
• Youth
• PORTRAITS OF DEVIANCE: Suicide
• Precipitants of Suicide
• Social Structural Positioning
• Life Circumstances
• DEVIANCE IN THE DIGITAL WORLD: 13 Reasons Why
• Attempted Suicide
• Mental Illness and Suicide
• Risks for Suicide
• Clues to Suicide
• The Suicide Process
• The Contagion of Suicide
• AT A GLANCE: Trends and Patterns in Suicide
• Special Topics
• Suicide Notes
• Homicide Followed by Suicide
• Assisted Suicide
• Suicide by Cop
• PORTRAITS OF DEVIANCE: Suicide by Cop
• Theories of Suicide
• Explanations of Suicide Rates
• Explanations of Individual Suicidal Behavior
• Chapter Summary
• Key Concepts
• Critical Thinking Questions
• CHAPTER 7 • Mental Illness
• Introduction
• Nature of Mental Illness
• Cultural Definitions
• Social Definitions
• PORTRAITS OF DEVIANCE: Political Dissent and Psychiatric Hospitalization
• Medical Definition
• DEVIANCE IN THE DIGITAL WORLD: Snapchat
• AT A GLANCE: Patterns of Mental Illness
• The Epidemiology and Costs of Mental Illness
• DEVIANCE IN GLOBAL CONTEXT: Globalization and Mental Illness
• Costs of Mental Illness
• Prevalence of Mental Disorders in the United States
• Sociodemographic Variations in Prevalence
• Sociodemographic Variations in the Prevalence of Mental Disorders
• iPhone Use and Mental Health
• Family Experience, Inherited Vulnerabilities, and Stressful Life Events
• Social Causation Versus Social Selection
• Labeling, Societal Reaction, and Social Roles
• PORTRAITS OF DEVIANCE: Being Sane in Insane Places
• Theoretical Explanations of Mental Illness
• Integration Theories
• Social Disorganization and Anomie
• Conflict
• Chapter Summary
• Key Concepts
• Critical Thinking Questions
• CHAPTER 8 • Alcohol Abuse
• Introduction
• Definitions
• DSM-5 Criteria for Alcohol Use Disorder
• Alcohol Use Around the World
• PORTRAITS OF DEVIANCE: Alcoholism as a Disease
• Substance Use in the United States
• Culture and Alcohol Use
• AT A GLANCE: Patterns and Trends in Alcohol Use
• DEVIANCE IN GLOBAL CONTEXT: Globalization, Cultural Orientation, and Alcohol Use by University Students in China
• Religion, Spirituality, and Substance Use
• Special Issues
• Onset of Alcohol Use
• Underage Drinking
• College Students
• DEVIANCE IN THE DIGITAL WORLD: Twitter
• Indigenous Americans
• Explanations of Alcohol Abuse
• Rates of Alcohol Abuse
• Individual Alcohol Abuse
• Chapter Summary
• Key Concepts
• Critical Thinking Questions
• CHAPTER 9 • Illicit Drug Use
• Introduction
• Definitions
• Illicit Drug Use Around the World
• Illicit Drug Use in the United States
• AT A GLANCE: Global Patterns in Drug Use
• DEVIANCE IN GLOBAL CONTEXT: Social Media and Nonprescription Drug Use
• Race and Ethnicity
• Marginal Populations
• LGBT Community
• Indigenous Americans and Native Alaskans
• PORTRAITS OF DEVIANCE: Adderall and College Students
• College Students
• Explanations for Illicit Drug Dependence
• Opportunity Structures
• Social Integration
• Social Conflict
• Self-Derogation
• Social Strain
• Cognitive Association, Euphoria, and the Seduction of Substance Use
• Social Learning
• Self-Control
• Chapter Summary
• Key Concepts
• Critical Thinking Questions
• CHAPTER 10 • Sexual Offending
• Introduction
• Definitions of Criminal Sexual Offending
• Rape
• Sexual Assault
• Nonviolent Sexual Offenses
• Sexual Offenses Against Children
• Prostitution
• PORTRAITS OF DEVIANCE: Prostitutes, Pimps, and Violence
• Sexual Trafficking of Women and Children
• DEVIANCE IN GLOBAL CONTEXT: Pimps, Immigrants, and Prostitution in the United States
• Rates of Criminal Sexual Offending
• Sexual Offending in the United States
• Characteristics of Criminal Sexual Offending
• Victim Characteristics
• Offender Characteristics
• Social and Situational Characteristics of Sexual Offenses
• AT A GLANCE: Patterns in Sexual Offending
• Typology of Rapists
• College Students
• Internet Sex Offenders
• Prostitution
• Extent of Prostitution
• DEVIANCE IN THE DIGITAL WORLD: Inmates, Sextorting, and Military Personnel
• Typology of Prostitution
• Street Life, Drugs, and Prostitution
• Online Sexual Solicitation and Child Pornography
• Social Media and Sextortion of Minors
• Consequences of Childhood Sexual Victimization
• Sexual Revictimization
• Explanations for Criminal Sexual Offending
• Theoretical Explanations
• Explaining Rates of Criminal Sexual Offending
• Individual Level Explanations of Criminal Sexual Offending
• Chapter Summary
• Key Concepts
• Critical Thinking Questions
• CHAPTER 11 • Property Crimes
• Introduction
• Statutory Definitions
• Rates in the United States
• Larceny
• Burglary
• Robbery
• Property Crimes Around the World
• Victims of Property Crimes
• Costs of Property Crime
• Victim–Offender Relationship
• DEVIANCE IN GLOBAL CONTEXT: Global Trafficking in Stolen Art
• Criminal Decision Making
• Planning
• Target Selection
• AT A GLANCE: Property Crimes: Global Patterns and Trends
• Types of Thieves
• Professional, Persistent, and Occasional Thieves
• Robbers
• Burglars
• Car Thieves
• Shoplifters
• DEVIANCE IN THE DIGITAL WORLD: eBay
• Theoretical Explanations
• Explanations of Rates of Property Crime
• Explanations of Individual Property Crime
• Chapter Summary
• Key Concepts
• Critical Thinking Questions
• CHAPTER 12 • White-Collar and Organized Crime
• Introduction
• White-Collar, Corporate, and Government Crime
• Definitions and Forms of White-Collar Crime
• DEVIANCE IN THE DIGITAL WORLD: Tumblr
• Extent of White-Collar Crime
• PORTRAITS OF DEVIANCE: The Surge of White-Collar Crime
• Extent of Organized Crime
• AT A GLANCE: White-Collar and Organized Criminal Offending
• Organized Crime Groups
• DEVIANCE IN GLOBAL CONTEXT: Transnational Organized Crime
• Theoretical Explanations
• Explanations of Rates of White-Collar and Organized Crime
• Explanations of an Individual’s Involvement in White-Collar and Organized Crime
• Chapter Summary
• Key Concepts
• Critical Thinking Questions
• CHAPTER 13 • Cyberdeviance
• Introduction
• Types of Computer Crimes
• Extent and Patterns of Cybercrime
• Cybercrime Around the World
• Computers as the Target
• Computers as Instruments of Crime
• Computers as Incidental to Other Crimes
• Crimes Associated With the Prevalence of Computers
• Methods of Cyberdeviance
• Trap Doors
• Timing Attacks
• Trojan Horses
• Viruses
• Worms
• Logic Bombs
• Salamis
• PORTRAITS OF DEVIANCE: Social Media, Deep Fakes, and Truth Decay
• Typology of Cyberdeviants
• Hackers
• Crackers
• AT A GLANCE: The Costs of Cybercrime
• DEVIANCE IN GLOBAL CONTEXT: Russia’s Hacking Culture
• Cyberdeviant Subculture
• Technology Content
• Secrecy and Fluidity
• DEVIANCE IN THE DIGITAL WORLD: YouTube
• Gender Gap and Antipathy
• Ethics and the Cyberdeviant
• Cyberdeviance Motivation
• Sexting: Internet Crime, Deviance, or Neither?
• Theories of Cyberdeviance
• Seduction of Crime
• Social Learning, Differential Reinforcement, and Differential Association
• Rational Choice
• Techniques of Neutralization
• Social Control
• Anomie
• Chapter Summary
• Key Concepts
• Critical Thinking Questions
• CHAPTER 14 • Positive Deviance
• Introduction
• Positive Deviance Defined
• Functions
• Creative Process
• Discovery Processes
• PORTRAITS OF DEVIANCE: Albert Einstein’s Enduring Creativity
• Characteristics of Positive Deviants
• DEVIANCE IN GLOBAL CONTEXT: Nobel Prize Winners Across the World
• Social Characteristics of Discoverers and Creative Persons
• Explanations of Positive Deviance
• Opportunity Theory
• Social Integration
• Conflict
• Societal Reaction
• Chapter Summary
• Key Concepts
• Critical Thinking Questions
• CHAPTER 15 • Extreme Forms of Everyday Behaviors: Working, Using the Internet, and Exercising
• Introduction
• Extreme Forms of Everyday Behavior
• Nature of Overwork
• Workaholics and Workaholism
• Extreme Jobs
• Characteristics of Workaholics
• DEVIANCE IN GLOBAL CONTEXT: South Koreans Escape to Prison
• DEVIANCE IN THE DIGITAL WORLD: Omegle
• Socialization and Psychological Factors in Overwork
• Consequences of Overwork
• Computer and Internet Addiction
• Types of Internet Addiction
• Prevalence of Computer Addiction
• Extreme Sports
• AT A GLANCE: Extreme Forms of Everyday Activity
• PORTRAITS OF DEVIANCE: Extreme Sports: In Search of Myself
• Theoretical Understandings of Extreme Forms of Everyday Behavior
• Social Integration
• Reciprocity
• Strain
• Differential Association and Learning Theory
• Rational Choice
• Societal Reaction
• Chapter Summary
• Key Concepts
• Critical Thinking Questions
• CHAPTER 16 • Terrorism
• Introduction
• What Is Terrorism?
• Terrorism and Crime
• Official Definitions of Terrorism
• International Terrorism
• Domestic Terrorism
• Hate Crimes
• Extent of Worldwide Terrorism
• PORTRAITS OF DEVIANCE: James Byrd—A Victim of Hate
• Typology of Terrorism
• AT A GLANCE: Terrorist Threats
• Terrorist Organizational Structure
• Terrorist Organizational Dynamics
• DEVIANCE IN GLOBAL CONTEXT: Social Media and Terrorism
• Suicide Bombers
• Recruitment
• New Suicide Bomber
• Terrorism: Psychopathology Versus Rational Behavior
• Motivations
• Doctrine of Necessity
• Cyberterrorism
• Definition
• Explanations for Terrorism
• Rational Choice
• Social Integration
• Routine Activities
• Culture Conflict
• Frustration–Aggression
• Strain
• Social Learning
• Techniques of Neutralization
• Chapter Summary
• Key Concepts
• Critical Thinking Questions
• Glossary
• References
• Index