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• Cover
• Half Title
• Title Page
• Copyright Page
• Contents
• Detailed Contents
• List of Tables and Charts
• Preface and Acknowledgments
• 1 Introducing Deviance
• Deviance: What Is It?
• Delineating Deviance
• Everyday Sociology
• The Relativity of Defining Deviance
• Positivism versus Constructionism
• The Attitudes, Behavior, and Conditions (ABCs) of Deviance
• Deviant Attitudes and Beliefs
• Undesirable Physical Characteristics as Deviance
• Tribal Stigma: Race, Religion, and Ethnicity
• Societal and Situational Deviance
• Summary
• Account: The Nigerian Scam
• Questions
• 2 Explaining Deviant Behavior
• Deviant Behavior: Why Do They Do It?
• Positivism
• Biological Theories of Deviance and Crime
• Psychological Theories
• Social Disorganization: The Chicago School
• Anomie and Strain Theory
• Differential Association and Learning Theory
• Social Control Theory
• Self-Control Theory
• Free-Will, Rational Choice, and Routine Activity Theory
• Summary
• Account: Drug Use and Crime, One Ex-Convict’s Story
• Questions
• 3 Constructing Deviance
• Deviance and Social Control
• Formal and Informal Social Control
• Perspectives That Focus on Defining Deviance: An Introduction
• Labeling or Interactionist Theory
• Conflict Theory
• Feminism
• Controlology
• Summary
• Account: Victimization and Abuse
• Questions
• 4 Poverty and the Hierarchy of Social Class
• Poverty: A Form of Deviance or a Cause—or Both?
• Perspectives on Poverty and Stigma
• Poverty and Affluence in the United States
• Income Inequality
• Unemployment
• Welfare
• The Indignity of Begging
• Homelessness
• What about Disease?
• Summary
• Account: Interview with a Busker, a Formerly Homeless Man
• Questions
• 5 Crime, Criminalization, and Criminal Behavior
• Crime and Deviance: A Conceptual Distinction
• Common Law and Statutory Law
• Positivism versus Constructionism
• The Uniform Crime Reports (UCR)
• Why the Crime Decline?
• The National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS)
• The Social Construction of Murder
• The Criminologist Looks at Murder
• Forcible Rape
• Property Crime
• Summary
• Account: My Life in and Out of Prison
• Questions
• 6 White Collar and Corporate Crime
• Individual versus Structural Wrongdoing
• The Discovery of White Collar Crime
• White Collar and Corporate Crime
• Corporate Crime: Correlative Features
• Cyber-Deviance
• Environmental Pollution
• Global Malfeasance
• Summary
• Account: Conspiracy to Defraud the IRS
• Questions
• 7 Political Deviance
• An Introduction to Political Deviance
• Political Deviance: Dueling Realities
• Race and Voting: Implications for Defining Deviance
• Red State, Blue State
• The Alt-Right
• The Radical Squad in the House
• A Trump-Inspired Mob Storms the Capitol
• Summary
• Account: Cathlyn (“Cathy”) Wilkerson, A Sixties Revolutionary
• Questions
• 8 Substance Abuse
• A Classification of Drugs and Drug Effects
• Rates of Drug Use: NSDUH and MTF
• Alcohol Consumption: An Introduction
• Acute Effects of Alcohol
• Alcohol Abuse and Risky, Deviant Behaviors
• Alcohol Abuse and Sexual Victimization
• The Empire of Pain
• Fatal Drug Overdoses
• Marijuana Use as Deviance and Crime
• What Now?
• Summary
• Account: My Life as a Drug User
• Questions
• 9 Sexual Deviance
• Gender: The Crucial Ingredient
• Positivism versus Constructionism
• Sex Surveys: An Introduction
• The Kinsey Reports, 1940s–1950s
• The Sex in America Survey, 1990s
• The General Social Surveys, 1972–2020
• Gay Sex: Departing from Deviance?
• Extramarital Sex
• Sexual Harassment
• Consensual Faculty-Student Sexual Relations
• Summary
• Account: Sexual Harassment
• Questions
• 10 Unconventional Beliefs
• The Social Functions of Belief Systems
• Religious Sects and Cults
• Creationism, Intelligent Design, and Evolution
• Conspiracy Theories
• Paranormal Beliefs as Deviant
• Summary
• Account: Interview with an ET Believer
• Questions
• 11 Mental Disorder
• What Is Mental Disorder?
• Essentialism Approaches Mental Disorder
• Thought versus Mood Disorders
• Constructionism
• Labeling Theory
• The Modified Labeling Approach
• On Being Sane In Insane Places
• The Epidemiology of Mental Disorder
• Chemical Treatment of Mental Disorder
• Deinstitutionalization
• Mental Disorder as Deviance: An Overview
• Autism Spectrum Disorder
• Summary
• Account: Interview with a Mentally Disordered Homeless Man
• Questions
• 12 Undesirable Physical Characteristics
• Physical Characteristics as Deviant
• Abominations of the Body
• Physical Disability
• Looksism: Violations of Esthetic Standards
• Extreme Body Modification
• Obesity
• Disability and Tertiary Deviance
• Summary
• Account: A Fat Woman Speaks Out
• Questions
• 13 Tribal Stigma: Race and Ethnicity
• True Stories for Today
• Racism and Stigma: An Overview
• How Racist Is America?
• Racism and Discrimination
• Islamophobia
• Anti-Semitism
• Genocide and Multicide
• Is Racism Deviant?
• Summary
• Account: A Black Man Calls Out Racism
• Questions
• Bibliography
• Index