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• Title Page
• Copyright Page
• Overview
• Contents
• Foreword
• Preface
• Acknowledgments
• Part I Single-Degree-of-Freedom Systems
• 1 Equations of Motion, Problem Statement, and Solution Methods
• 1.1 Simple Structures
• 1.2 Single-Degree-of-Freedom System
• 1.3 Force–Displacement Relation
• 1.4 Damping Force
• 1.5 Equation of Motion: External Force
• 1.6 Mass–Spring–Damper System
• 1.7 Equation of Motion: Earthquake Excitation
• 1.8 Problem Statement and Element Forces
• 1.9 Combining Static and Dynamic Responses
• 1.10 Methods of Solution of the Differential Equation
• 1.11 Study of Sdf Systems: Organization
• Appendix 1: Stiffness Coefficients for a Flexural Element
• 2 Free Vibration
• 2.1 Undamped Free Vibration
• 2.2 Viscously Damped Free Vibration
• 2.3 Energy in Free Vibration
• 2.4 Coulomb-Damped Free Vibration
• 3 Response to Harmonic and Periodic Excitations
• Part A: Viscously Damped Systems: Basic Results
• 3.1 Harmonic Vibration of Undamped Systems
• 3.2 Harmonic Vibration with Viscous Damping
• Part B: Viscously Damped Systems: Applications
• 3.3 Response to Vibration Generator
• 3.4 Natural Frequency and Damping from Harmonic Tests
• 3.5 Force Transmission and Vibration Isolation
• 3.6 Response to Ground Motion and Vibration Isolation
• 3.7 Vibration-measuring Instruments
• 3.8 Energy Dissipated in Viscous Damping
• 3.9 Equivalent Viscous Damping
• Part C: Systems with Nonviscous Damping
• 3.10 Harmonic Vibration with Rate-independent Damping
• 3.11 Harmonic Vibration with Coulomb Friction
• Part D: Response to Periodic Excitation
• 3.12 Fourier Series Representation
• 3.13 Response to Periodic Force
• Appendix 3: Four-Way Logarithmic Graph Paper
• 4 Response to Arbitrary, Step, and Pulse Excitations
• Part A: Response to Arbitrarily Time-varying Forces
• 4.1 Response to Unit Impulse
• 4.2 Response to Arbitrary Force
• Part B: Response to Step and Ramp Forces
• 4.3 Step Force
• 4.4 Ramp or Linearly Increasing Force
• 4.5 Step Force with Finite Rise Time
• Part C: Response to Pulse Excitations
• 4.6 Solution Methods
• 4.7 Rectangular Pulse Force
• 4.8 Half-Cycle Sine Pulse Force
• 4.9 Symmetrical Triangular Pulse Force
• 4.10 Effects of Pulse Shape and Approximate Analysis for Short Pulses
• 4.11 Effects of Viscous Damping
• 4.12 Response to Ground Motion
• 5 Numerical Evaluation of Dynamic Response
• 5.1 Time-Stepping Methods
• 5.2 Methods Based on Interpolation of Excitation
• 5.3 Central Difference Method
• 5.4 Newmark’s Method
• 5.5 Stability and Computational Error
• 5.6 Nonlinear Systems: Central Difference Method
• 5.7 Nonlinear Systems: Newmark’s Method
• 6 Earthquake Response of Linear Systems
• 6.1 Earthquake Excitation
• 6.2 Equation of Motion
• 6.3 Response Quantities
• 6.4 Response History
• 6.5 Response Spectrum Concept
• 6.6 Deformation, Pseudo-Velocity, and Pseudo-Acceleration Response Spectra
• 6.7 Peak Structural Response from the Response Spectrum
• 6.8 Response Spectrum Characteristics
• 6.9 Elastic Design Spectrum
• 6.10 Comparison of Design and Response Spectra
• 6.11 Distinction Between Design and Response Spectra
• 6.12 Velocity and Acceleration Response Spectra
• Appendix 6: El Centro, 1940 Ground Motion
• 7 Earthquake Response of Inelastic Systems
• 7.1 Force–Deformation Relations
• 7.2 Normalized Yield Strength, Yield-strength Reduction Factor, and Ductility Factor
• 7.3 Equation of Motion and Controlling Parameters
• 7.4 Effects of Yielding
• 7.5 Response Spectrum for Yield Deformation and Yield Strength
• 7.6 Yield Strength and Deformation from the Response Spectrum
• 7.7 Yield Strength–Ductility Relation
• 7.8 Relative Effects of Yielding and Damping
• 7.9 Dissipated Energy
• 7.10 Supplemental Energy Dissipation Devices
• 7.11 Inelastic Design Spectrum
• 7.12 Applications of the Design Spectrum
• 7.13 Gravity Load Effects and Collapse
• 8 Generalized Single-Degree-of-Freedom Systems
• 8.1 Generalized SDF Systems
• 8.2 Rigid-Body Assemblages
• 8.3 Systems With Distributed Mass and Elasticity
• 8.4 Lumped-Mass System: Shear Building
• 8.5 Natural Vibration Frequency by Rayleigh’s Method
• 8.6 Selection of Shape Function
• Appendix 8: Inertia Forces for Rigid Bodies
• Part II Multi-Degree-of-Freedom Systems
• 9 Equations of Motion, Problem Statement, and Solution Methods
• 9.1 Simple System: Two-story Shear Building
• 9.2 General Approach for Linear Systems
• 9.3 Static Condensation
• 9.4 Planar or Symmetric-Plan Systems: Ground Motion
• 9.5 One-Story Unsymmetric-Plan Buildings
• 9.6 Multistory Unsymmetric-Plan Buildings
• 9.7 Multiple Support Excitation
• 9.8 Inelastic Systems
• 9.9 Problem Statement
• 9.10 Element Forces
• 9.11 Methods for Solving the Equations of Motion: Overview
• 10 Free Vibration
• Part A: Natural Vibration Frequencies and Modes
• 10.1 Systems Without Damping
• 10.2 Natural Vibration Frequencies and Modes
• 10.3 Modal and Spectral Matrices
• 10.4 Orthogonality of Modes
• 10.5 Interpretation of Modal Orthogonality
• 10.6 Normalization of Modes
• 10.7 Modal Expansion of Displacements
• Part B: Free Vibration Response
• 10.8 Solution of Free Vibration Equations: Undamped Systems
• 10.9 Systems with Damping
• 10.10 Solution of Free Vibration Equations: Classically Damped Systems
• Part C: Computation of Vibration Properties
• 10.11 Solution Methods for the Eigenvalue Problem
• 10.12 Rayleigh’s Quotient
• 10.13 Inverse Vector Iteration Method
• 10.14 Vector Iteration with Shifts: Preferred Procedure
• 10.15 Transformation of kφ=ω2mφ to the Standard Form
• 11 Damping in Structures
• Part A: Experimental Data and Recommended Modal Damping Ratios
• 11.1 Vibration Properties of Millikan Library Building
• 11.2 Estimating Modal Damping Ratios
• Part B: Construction of Damping Matrix
• 11.3 Damping Matrix
• 11.4 Classical Damping Matrix
• 11.5 Nonclassical Damping Matrix
• 12 Dynamic Analysis and Response of Linear Systems
• Part A: Two-Degree-of-Freedom Systems
• 12.1 Analysis of Two-Dof Systems Without Damping
• 12.2 Vibration Absorber or Tuned Mass Damper
• Part B: Modal Analysis
• 12.3 Modal Equations for Undamped Systems
• 12.4 Modal Equations for Damped Systems
• 12.5 Displacement Response
• 12.6 Element Forces
• 12.7 Modal Analysis: Summary
• Part C: Modal Response Contributions
• 12.8 Modal Expansion of Excitation Vector p(t)=sp(t)
• 12.9 Modal Analysis for P(t)=sp(t)
• 12.10 Modal Contribution Factors
• 12.11 Modal Responses and Required Number of Modes
• Part D: Special Analysis Procedures
• 12.12 Static Correction Method
• 12.13 Mode Acceleration Superposition Method
• 12.14 Mode Acceleration Superposition Method: Arbitrary Excitation
• 13 Earthquake Analysis of Linear Systems
• Part A: Response History Analysis
• 13.1 Modal Analysis
• 13.2 Multistory Buildings with Symmetric Plan
• 13.3 Multistory Buildings with Unsymmetric Plan
• 13.4 Torsional Response of Symmetric-plan Buildings
• 13.5 Response Analysis for Multiple Support Excitation
• 13.6 Structural Idealization and Earthquake Response
• Part B: Response Spectrum Analysis
• 13.7 Peak Response from Earthquake Response Spectrum
• 13.8 Multistory Buildings with Symmetric Plan
• 13.9 Multistory Buildings with Unsymmetric Plan
• 13.10 A Response-spectrum-based Envelope for Simultaneous Responses
• 13.11 A Response-Spectrum-Based Estimation of Principal Stresses
• 13.12 Peak Response to Multicomponent Ground Motion
• 14 Analysis of Nonclassically Damped Linear Systems
• Part A: Classically Damped Systems: Reformulation
• 14.1 Natural Vibration Frequencies and Modes
• 14.2 Free Vibration
• 14.3 Unit Impulse Response
• 14.4 Earthquake Response
• Part B: Nonclassically Damped Systems
• 14.5 Natural Vibration Frequencies and Modes
• 14.6 Orthogonality of Modes
• 14.7 Free Vibration
• 14.8 Unit Impulse Response
• 14.9 Earthquake Response
• 14.10 Systems With Real-Valued Eigenvalues
• 14.11 Response Spectrum Analysis
• 14.12 Summary
• Appendix 14: Derivations
• 15 Reduction of Degrees of Freedom
• 15.1 Kinematic Constraints
• 15.2 Mass Lumping in Selected Dofs
• 15.3 Rayleigh–Ritz Method
• 15.4 Selection of Ritz Vectors
• 15.5 Dynamic Analysis Using Ritz Vectors
• 16 Numerical Evaluation of Dynamic Response
• 16.1 Time-Stepping Methods
• 16.2 Linear Systems With Nonclassical Damping
• 16.3 Nonlinear Systems
• 17 Systems with Distributed Mass and Elasticity
• 17.1 Equation of Undamped Motion: Applied Forces
• 17.2 Equation of Undamped Motion: Support Excitation
• 17.3 Natural Vibration Frequencies and Modes
• 17.4 Modal Orthogonality
• 17.5 Modal Analysis of Forced Dynamic Response
• 17.6 Earthquake Response History Analysis
• 17.7 Earthquake Response Spectrum Analysis
• 17.8 Difficulty in Analyzing Practical Systems
• 18 Introduction to the Finite Element Method
• Part A: Rayleigh–Ritz Method
• 18.1 Formulation Using Conservation of Energy
• 18.2 Formulation Using Virtual Work
• 18.3 Disadvantages of Rayleigh–Ritz Method
• Part B: Finite Element Method
• 18.4 Finite Element Approximation
• 18.5 Analysis Procedure
• 18.6 Element Degrees of Freedom and Interpolation Functions
• 18.7 Element Stiffness Matrix
• 18.8 Element Mass Matrix
• 18.9 Element Geometric Stiffness Matrix
• 18.10 Element (Applied) Force Vector
• 18.11 Comparison of Finite Element and Exact Solutions
• 18.12 Dynamic Analysis of Structural Continua
• Part III Earthquake Response, Design, and Evaluation of Multistory Buildings
• 19 Earthquake Response of Linearly Elastic Buildings
• 19.1 Systems Analyzed, Design Spectrum, and Response Quantities
• 19.2 Influence of T1 and ρ on Response
• 19.3 Modal Contribution Factors
• 19.4 Influence of T1 on Higher-Mode Response
• 19.5 Influence of ρ on Higher-Mode Response
• 19.6 Heightwise Variation of Higher-Mode Response
• 19.7 How Many Modes to Include
• 20 Earthquake Analysis and Response of Inelastic Buildings
• Part A: Nonlinear Response History Analysis
• 20.1 Equations of Motion: Formulation and Solution
• 20.2 Computing Seismic Demands: Factors to Be Considered
• 20.3 Story Drift Demands
• 20.4 Strength Demands for Sdf and MDF Systems
• Part B: Structural Modeling
• 20.5 Overall System
• 20.6 Structural Elements
• 20.7 Viscous Damping
• Part C: Ground Motion Selection and Modification
• 20.8 Target Spectrum
• 20.9 Ground Motion Selection and Amplitude Scaling
• 20.10 Ground Motion Selection to Match Target Spectrum Mean and Variance
• 20.11 Influence of Gm Selection and Amplitude Scaling on Seismic Demands
• 20.12 Ground Motion Selection and Spectral Matching
• 20.13 Influence of GM Selection and Spectral Matching on Seismic Demands
• 20.14 Amplitude Scaling Versus Spectral Matching of Ground Motions
• Part D: Approximate Analysis Procedures
• 20.15 Motivation and Basic Concept
• 20.16 Uncoupled Modal Response History Analysis
• 20.17 Modal Pushover Analysis
• 20.18 Evaluation of Modal Pushover Analysis
• 20.19 Simplified Modal Pushover Analysis for Practical Application
• 21 Earthquake Dynamics of Base-Isolated Buildings
• 21.1 Isolation Systems
• 21.2 Base-Isolated One-Story Buildings
• 21.3 Effectiveness of Base Isolation
• 21.4 Base-Isolated Multistory Buildings
• 21.5 Applications of Base Isolation
• 22 Structural Dynamics in Building Codes
• Part A: Building Codes and Structural Dynamics†
• 22.1 International Building Code (United States), 2018
• 22.2 National Building Code of Canada, 2015
• 22.3 Mexico Federal District Code, 2004
• 22.4 Eurocode 8, 2004
• 22.5 Structural Dynamics in Building Codes
• Part B: Evaluation of Building Codes
• 22.6 Base Shear
• 22.7 Story Shears and Equivalent Static Forces
• 22.8 Overturning Moments
• 22.9 Concluding Remarks
• 23 Structural Dynamics in Building Evaluation Guidelines
• 23.1 Nonlinear Dynamic Procedure: Current Practice
• 23.2 SDF-System Estimate of Roof Displacement
• 23.3 Estimating Deformation of Inelastic SDFSystems
• 23.4 Nonlinear Static Procedures
• 23.5 Concluding Remarks
• A Frequency-Domain Method ofResponse Analysis
• B Notation
• C Answers to Selected Problems
• Index
• Back Cover