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• Cover
• Title Page
• Copyright Page
• Dedication Page
• Preface
• A science for everybody – but not an easy science
• Thirty‐four years on: the urgent problems facing us
• About this fifth edition
• Technical and pedagogical features
• Acknowledgments
• About the Companion Website
• Introduction: Ecology and its Domain
• Definition and scope of ecology
• Explanation, description, prediction and control
• Pure and applied ecology
• Chapter 1: Organisms in their Environments: the Evolutionary Backdrop
• 1.1 Introduction: natural selection and adaptation
• 1.2 Specialisation within species
• 1.3 Speciation
• 1.4 The role of historical factors in the determination of species distributions
• 1.5 The match between communities and their environments
• 1.6 The diversity of matches within communities
• Chapter 2: Conditions
• 2.1 Introduction
• 2.2 Ecological niches
• 2.3 Responses of individuals to temperature
• 2.4 Correlations between temperature and the distribution of plants and animals
• 2.5 pH of soil and water
• 2.6 Salinity
• 2.7 Hazards, disasters and catastrophes: the ecology of extreme events
• 2.8 Environmental pollution
• 2.9 Global change
• Chapter 3: Resources
• 3.1 Introduction
• 3.2 Radiation
• 3.3 Water
• 3.4 Carbon dioxide
• 3.5 Mineral nutrients
• 3.6 Oxygen – and its alternatives
• 3.7 Organisms as food resources
• 3.8 A classification of resources, and the ecological niche
• 3.9 A metabolic theory of ecology
• Chapter 4: Matters of Life and Death
• 4.1 An ecological fact of life
• 4.2 Individuals
• 4.3 Counting individuals
• 4.4 Life cycles
• 4.5 Dormancy
• 4.6 Monitoring birth and death: life tables, survivorships curves and fecundity schedules
• 4.7 Reproductive rates, generation lengths and rates of increase
• 4.8 Population projection models
• Chapter 5: Intraspecific Competition
• 5.1 Introduction
• 5.2 Intraspecific competition, and density‐dependent mortality, fecundity and growth
• 5.3 Quantifying intraspecific competition
• 5.4 Intraspecific competition and the regulation of population size
• 5.5 Mathematical models: introduction
• 5.6 A model with discrete breeding seasons
• 5.7 Continuous breeding: the logistic equation
• 5.8 Individual differences: asymmetric competition
• 5.9 Self‐thinning
• Chapter 6: Movement and Metapopulations
• 6.1 Introduction
• 6.2 Patterns of migration
• 6.3 Modes of dispersal
• 6.4 Patterns of dispersion
• 6.5 Variation in dispersal within populations
• 6.6 The demographic significance of dispersal
• 6.7 The dynamics of metapopulations
• Chapter 7: Life History Ecology and Evolution
• 7.1 Introduction
• 7.2 The components of life histories
• 7.3 Trade‐offs
• 7.4 Life histories and habitats
• 7.5 The size and number of offspring
• 7.6 Classifying life history strategies
• 7.7 Phylogenetic and allometric constraints
• Chapter 8: Interspecific Competition
• 8.1 Introduction
• 8.2 Some examples of interspecific competition
• 8.3 Some general features of interspecific competition – and some warnings
• 8.4 The Lotka–Volterra model of interspecific competition
• 8.5 Consumer‐resource models of competition
• 8.6 Models of niche overlap
• 8.7 Heterogeneity, colonisation and pre‐emptive competition
• 8.8 Apparent competition: enemy‐free space
• 8.9 Ecological effects of interspecific competition: experimental approaches
• 8.10 Evolutionary effects of interspecific competition
• Chapter 9: The Nature of Predation
• 9.1 Introduction
• 9.2 Foraging: widths and compositions of diets
• 9.3 Plants’ defensive responses to herbivory
• 9.4 Effects of herbivory and plants’ tolerance of those effects
• 9.5 Animal defences
• 9.6 The effect of predation on prey populations
• Chapter 10: The Population Dynamics of Predation
• 10.1 The underlying dynamics of consumer‐resource systems: a tendency towards cycles
• 10.2 Patterns of consumption: functional responses and interference
• 10.3 The population dynamics of interference, functional responses and intimidation: equations and isoclines
• 10.4 Foraging in a patchy environment
• 10.5 The population dynamics of heterogeneity, aggregation and spatial variation
• 10.6 Beyond predator–prey
• Chapter 11: Decomposers and Detritivores
• 11.1 Introduction
• 11.2 The organisms
• 11.3 Detritivore–resource interactions
• Chapter 12: Parasitism and Disease
• 12.1 Introduction: parasites, pathogens, infection and disease
• 12.2 The diversity of parasites
• 12.3 Hosts as habitats
• 12.4 Coevolution of parasites and their hosts
• 12.5 The transmission of parasites amongst hosts
• 12.6 The effects of parasites on the survivorship, growth and fecundity of hosts
• 12.7 The population dynamics of infection
• 12.8 Parasites and the population dynamics of hosts
• Chapter 13: Facilitation: Mutualism and Commensalism
• 13.1 Introduction: facilitation, mutualists and commensals
• 13.2 Commensalisms
• 13.3 Mutualistic protectors – a behavioural association
• 13.4 Farming mutualisms
• 13.5 Dispersal of seeds and pollen
• 13.6 Mutualisms involving gut inhabitants
• 13.7 Mutualism within animal cells: insect bacteriocyte symbioses
• 13.8 Photosynthetic symbionts within aquatic invertebrates
• 13.9 Mutualisms involving higher plants and fungi
• 13.10 Fungi with algae: the lichens
• 13.11 Fixation of atmospheric nitrogen in mutualistic plants
• 13.12 Models of mutualisms
• Chapter 14: Abundance
• 14.1 Introduction
• 14.2 Fluctuation or stability?
• 14.3 The demographic approach
• 14.4 The mechanistic approach
• 14.5 The time series approach
• 14.6 Population cycles and their analysis
• 14.7 Multiple equilibria: alternative stable states
• Chapter 15: Pest Control, Harvesting and Conservation
• 15.1 Managing abundance
• 15.2 The management of pests
• 15.3 Harvest management
• 15.4 Conservation ecology
• Chapter 16: Community Modules and the Structure of Ecological Communities
• 16.1 Introduction
• 16.2 The influence of competition on community structure
• 16.3 The influence of predation on community structure
• 16.4 Plurality in the structuring of communities
• Chapter 17: Food Webs
• 17.1 Food chains
• 17.2 Food web structure, productivity and stability
• 17.3 Regime shifts
• Chapter 18: Patterns in Community Composition in Space and Time
• 18.1 Introduction
• 18.2 Description of community composition
• 18.3 Community patterns in space
• 18.4 Community patterns in time
• 18.5 The mechanisms underlying succession
• 18.6 Communities in a spatiotemporal context
• 18.7 The metacommunity concept
• Chapter 19: Patterns in Biodiversity and their Conservation
• 19.1 Introduction
• 19.2 A simple model of species richness
• 19.3 Spatially varying factors that influence species richness
• 19.4 Temporally varying factors that influence species richness
• 19.5 Habitat area and remoteness: island biogeography
• 19.6 Gradients of species richness
• 19.7 Selecting areas for conservation
• 19.8 Managing for multiple objectives – beyond biodiversity conservation
• Chapter 20: The Flux of Energy through Ecosystems
• 20.1 Introduction
• 20.2 Patterns in primary productivity
• 20.3 Factors limiting primary productivity in terrestrial communities
• 20.4 Factors limiting primary productivity in aquatic communities
• 20.5 The fate of energy in ecosystems
• Chapter 21: The Flux of Matter through Ecosystems
• 21.1 Introduction
• 21.2 Nutrient budgets in terrestrial communities
• 21.3 Nutrient budgets in aquatic communities
• 21.4 Global biogeochemical cycles
• Chapter 22: Ecology in a Changing World
• 22.1 Introduction
• 22.2 Climate change
• 22.3 Acidification
• 22.4 Land‐system change
• 22.5 Pollution
• 22.6 Overexploitation
• 22.7 Invasions
• 22.8 Planetary boundaries
• 22.9 Finale
• References
• Organism Index
• Subject Index
• End User License Agreement