Efnisyfirlit

• Cover
• Half Title
• Title Page
• Copyright Page
• Table of Contents
• Preface
• Symbols used in this book
• SI units and abbreviations
• 1 D.C. circuits and methods of circuit analysis
• Aims and objectives
• 1.1 Introduction
• 1.2 Electric current, electromotive force, potential difference, energy and power, resistance and conductance
• 1.2.1 Summary of Section 1.2
• 1.2.2 Resistance and conductance
• 1.2.3 Internal resistance and output voltage of an e.m.f. source
• 1.3 Resistors in series and in parallel
• 1.3.1 Resistors in series
• 1.3.2 Resistors in parallel
• 1.3.3 The voltage divider
• 1.3.4 The current divider
• 1.3.5 The variable potential divider (or ‘pot’)
• 1.3.6 Summary of Section 1.3
• 1.4 The measurement of current, voltage and resistance
• 1.4.1 Using ammeters and voltmeters
• 1.4.2 The multimeter
• 1.4.3 The moving-coil multimeter
• 1.4.4 The digital multimeter
• 1.4.5 Summary of Section 1.4
• 1.5 Kirchhoff’s laws
• 1.5.1 Introduction
• 1.5.2 Kirchhoff’s current law
• 1.5.3 Kirchhoff’s voltage law
• 1.6 Thevenin and Norton equivalent circuits
• 1.6.1 Voltage and current sources
• 1.6.2 Thévenin’s theorem
• 1.6.3 Norton’s theorem
• 1.6.4 Calculating the effects of voltmeters and ammeters
• 1.6.5 Circuits with multiple sources—the superposition principle
• 1.6.6 Summary of Section 1.6
• 1.7 Nodal analysis
• 1.7.1 Introduction
• 1.7.2 An outline of the method
• 1.7.3 Choosing a reference node
• 1.7.4 Obtaining the node voltage equations
• 1.7.5 Completing the analysis
• 1.7.6 A circuit with multiple e.m.f. sources
• 1.7.7 Summary of Section 1.7
• 1.8 Analysing circuits using a computer-aided design (CAD) package
• Answers to self-assessment questions
• 2 Signals, waveforms and a.c. components
• Aims and objectives
• 2.1 Electrical waveforms
• 2.2 Sinusoidal waveforms and frequency
• 2.3 Voltage, r.m.s. and power
• 2.3.1 Periodic waveforms
• 2.3.2 Non-periodic waveforms: signals and noise
• 2.3.3 Symbols for voltages and currents
• 2.4 Frequency spectra
• 2.4.1 Periodic waveforms
• 2.4.2 Spectra of signals and noise
• 2.5 A.C. components
• 2.5.1 Capacitors
• 2.5.2 Inductors
• 2.5.3 Transformers
• 2.6 Conclusion and summary
• Answers to self-assessment questions
• 3 Phasor analysis of a.c. circuits
• Aims and objectives
• 3.1 Phasors
• 3.1.1 Phasor diagrams
• 3.1.2 Phasor notation
• 3.1.3 Phasor addition
• 3.1.4 Phasor analysis of the low-pass CR circuit
• 3.2 Phasor multiplication and division
• 3.2.1 Multiplication: voltage gain
• 3.2.2 Division: impedance
• 3.3 Phasor manipulations using the operator j
• 3.3.1 The operator j
• 3.3.2 Using the operator j
• 3.3.3 Complex number terminology
• 3.3.4 Addition and subtraction of phasors in component form
• 3.3.5 Multiplication and division of complex numbers
• 3.4 Equivalent impedance and admittance
• 3.4.1 Impedance
• 3.4.2 Admittance
• 3.5 Circuit analysis using the operator j
• 3.5.1 A.C. analysis of the low-pass CR circuit
• 3.6 The decibel
• 3.7 Bode plots
• 3.7.1 Bode plots for simple low-pass networks
• 3.7.2 Simple high-pass networks
• 3.7.3 Networks with two break points
• 3.8 The frequency response of RLC circuits
• 3.8.1 The series RLC circuit
• 3.8.2 The series RLC bandpass circuit
• 3.8.3 Bandwidth of the series bandpass circuit
• 3.8.4 Bode plots for the bandpass RLC circuit
• 3.8.5 Parallel resonance
• 3.9 The principle of duality
• 3.10 Summary
• Answers to self-assessment questions
• 4 Amplifiers and feedback
• Aims and objectives
• 4.1 What are amplifiers?
• 4.1.1 Equivalent circuits
• 4.1.2 Inverting and non-inverting amplifiers
• 4.2 The operational amplifier
• 4.3 Feedback and operational amplifiers
• 4.3.1 A basic non-inverting feedback amplifier (series feedback connection)
• 4.3.2 Stability in feedback amplifiers
• 4.3.3 Frequency response and gain-bandwidth product
• 4.3.4 Input and output impedance
• 4.3.5 Frequency limitations of negative feedback
• 4.3.6 The inverting feedback amplifier (parallel or shunt feedback)
• 4.3.7 Current-derived feedback
• 4.4 Summary of feedback principles
• 4.5 Further examples of feedback circuits
• 4.5.1 Summing amplifiers
• 4.5.2 Cr-active filters
• 4.6 Output offset and equivalent input offset sources
• 4.6.1 Bias current and input offset voltage and current
• 4.6.2 Calculating the output offset voltage
• 4.7 Noise and equivalent noise sources
• 4.7.1 Sources of internal noise
• 4.7.2 Amplifier equivalent noise generators
• 4.7.3 Calculating amplifier output noise
• 4.8 Voltage, current and speed limitations
• 4.8.1 Voltage swing
• 4.8.2 Current limit: short-circuit protection
• 4.8.3 Slew rate
• 4.8.4 Full-power bandwidth
• 4.9 A summary of some op amp feedback circuits
• Answers to self-assessment questions
• 5 Combinational logic circuits
• Aims and objectives
• 5.1 A simple interlock example
• 5.1.1 Truth table
• 5.1.2 Implementation
• 5.1.3 Summary of Section 5.1
• 5.2 Binary inputs and outputs
• 5.2.1 Coding
• 5.2.2 Number representation
• 5.2.3 Other symbols and distinct items
• 5.2.4 Summary of Section 5.2
• 5.3 Truth tables and Boolean notation
• 5.3.1 Problems with only one input
• 5.3.2 Problems with two inputs
• 5.3.3 Problems with more than two inputs
• 5.3.4 Implementation using gates
• 5.3.5 Summary of Section 5.3
• 5.4 Basic rules of Boolean algebra
• 5.4.1 Simplifying Boolean expressions
• 5.4.2 Summary of Section 5.4
• 5.5 Karnaugh maps
• 5.5.1 Obtaining product terms
• 5.5.2 Designing a seven-segment decoder using Karnaugh maps
• 5.5.3 The inverted Karnaugh map
• 5.5.4 NAND gate representation
• 5.5.5 Summary of Section 5.5
• 5.6 Electronic combinational logic
• 5.6.1 Some SSI devices
• 5.6.2 MSI devices
• 5.6.3 Programmable logic devices
• 5.6.4 Custom and semi-custom integrated circuits
• 5.7 Electrical characteristics of logic families
• 5.7.1 LS TTL
• 5.7.2 Other TTL families
• 5.7.3 Emitter-coupled logic
• 5.7.4 CMOS
• 5.7.5 Summary of Sections 5.6 and 5.7
• Answers to self-assessment questions
• 6 Sequential logic circuits
• Aims and objectives
• 6.1 Introduction
• 6.2 Latches
• 6.2.1 The clocked SR latch
• 6.2.2 The clocked D latch
• 6.2.3 Summary of Section 6.2
• 6.3 Flip-flops
• 6.3.1 The master-slave flip-flop
• 6.3.2 The edge-triggered flip-flop
• 6.3.3 The JK flip-flop
• 6.3.4 Practical flip-flops
• 6.3.5 Summary of Section 6.3
• 6.4 Registers
• 6.4.1 Timing characteristics of a transparent register
• 6.4.2 A commercial 8-bit register
• 6.4.3 Timing characteristics for edge-triggered registers
• 6.5 Shift registers
• 6.6 Counters
• 6.6.1 Synchronous counters
• 6.6.2 An integrated circuit counter
• 6.6.3 Cascading counters
• 6.6.4 Modulo-n counters
• 6.6.5 Frequency division
• 6.6.6 Summary of Sections 6.4 to 6.6
• 6.7 The state-transition diagram
• 6.8 A general sequential machine
• 6.8.1 The state table
• 6.8.2 The state-assignment table
• 6.8.3 Sequential PLDs
• 6.8.4 Summary of Sections 6.7 and 6.8
• Answers to self-assessment questions
• 7 Analogue-digital conversion
• Aims and objectives
• 7.1 Introduction
• 7.2 Digital-to-analogue conversion
• 7.2.1 Introduction
• 7.2.2 The binary-weighted resistor network
• 7.2.3 Buffering the resistor network
• 7.2.4 D-A converter with a stabilized voltage source
• 7.2.5 The R-2R ladder resistor network
• 7.2.6 Bipolar conversion
• 7.2.7 Quantization
• 7.2.8 Summary of Section 7.2
• 7.3 Analogue-to-digital conversion
• 7.3.1 The comparator and flash converter
• 7.3.2 The counter-ramp converter
• 7.3.3 The successive approximation A-D converter
• 7.3.4 Integrating converters
• 7.3.5 Quantization
• 7.3.6 Multiplexers
• 7.3.7 Summary of Section 7.3
• 7.4 The conversion of a.c. signals
• 7.4.1 Sample-and-hold devices
• 7.4.2 Specifying the sample-and-hold
• 7.4.3 Summary of Section 7.4
• Answers to self-assessment questions
• 8 Diodes and power supplies
• Aims and objectives
• 8.1 Introduction
• 8.2 Diodes
• 8.2.1 Electrons and holes
• 8.2.2 The structure of pn junctions
• 8.2.3 The properties of pn junction diodes
• 8.3 Power supplies
• 8.3.1 The transformer
• 8.3.2 Half-wave rectification
• 8.3.3 Full-wave rectification
• 8.3.4 Filtering circuits
• 8.4 Voltage regulation
• 8.4.1 Linear voltage regulators
• 8.4.2 Switched-mode power supplies
• 8.5 Summary
• Answers to self-assessment questions
• 9 Basic transistor circuits
• Aims and objectives
• 9.1 Introduction
• 9.2 Bipolar transistors
• 9.2.1 Operation of bipolar transistors
• 9.2.2 A simple amplifier and the hybrid-Π equivalent circuit
• 9.2.3 A practical, discrete common-emitter amplifier
• 9.2.4 The long-tailed pair (differential pair)
• 9.2.5 The emitter-follower
• 9.3 Field-effect transistors (FETS)
• 9.3.1 The operation of JFETs
• 9.3.2 The operation of MOSFETs
• 9.3.3 MOSFETs compared with bipolars
• 9.3.4 FET circuits
• 9.4 Bipolar and FET push-pull output stages
• 9.4.1 A double emitter-follower
• 9.4.2 A double source follower
• 9.5 Basic switching and digital circuits
• 9.5.1 The transistor as a switch
• 9.5.2 Switching circuits using bipolar transistors
• 9.5.3 Switching circuits using FETs
• 9.6 Summary
• Answers to self-assessment questions
• Index