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• Cover image
• Title page
• Table of Contents
• Copyright
• Preface
• Acknowledgements
• Chapter 1. Introduction to Internet of Things and embedded systems
• 1.1. Introduction
• 1.2. Introduction to Internet of Things (IoT)
• 1.3. The Internet of Things vs. embedded systems
• 1.4. Brief history of three underlying technologies
• 1.5. The embedded system development process
• 1.6. Summary
• Problems
• Part 1. Modeling the system under development
• Introduction
• Chapter 2. First stage modeling – modeling interaction between the system and the environment
• 2.1. Introduction
• 2.2. Actors, use cases, and scenarios
• 2.3. Universal access – scenarios involving actors with disabilities or limitations
• 2.4. UML and tools for use case development and analysis
• 2.5. Summary
• Problems
• Chapter 3. Finite-state machines
• 3.1. Introduction
• 3.2. Finite-state machines
• 3.3. Refining and correcting FSMs
• 3.4. Determinism versus non-determinism
• 3.5. Timed FSMs
• 3.6. Hierarchical FSMs
• 3.7. Issues with concurrency
• 3.8. Summary
• Problems
• Chapter 4. Modeling physically distributed embedded systems
• 4.1. Introduction
• 4.2. Messages
• 4.3. SDL – an example modeling language for distributed systems
• 4.4. Determinism revisited
• 4.5. Summary
• Problems
• Chapter 5. Petri Nets for modeling concurrency and shared resources
• 5.1. Introduction
• 5.2. Condition/event and place/transition Petri Nets
• 5.3. Reachability
• 5.4. The incidence matrix associated with a place/transition network and proving properties
• 5.5. Predicate/transition Petri Nets and colored Petri Nets
• 5.6. Petri Nets with time
• 5.7. Summary
• Problems
• Part 2. Building robust, safe, and correct systems
• Introduction
• Chapter 6. Designing systems that are safe and robust
• 6.1. Introduction
• 6.2. Definitions
• 6.3. Estimating and using failure rates
• 6.4. Principles for designing safe and robust systems
• 6.5. Summary
• Problems
• Chapter 7. Verification, validation, and evaluation
• 7.1. Introduction
• 7.2. Verification
• 7.3. Validation
• 7.4. Evaluation
• 7.5. Summary
• Problems
• Chapter 8. Testing
• 8.1. Introduction
• 8.2. Simulation/emulation
• 8.3. Discrete event simulation
• 8.4. Generating test cases
• 8.5. Summary
• Problems
• Part 3. Hardware
• Introduction
• Chapter 9. Introduction and overview
• 9.1. Introduction
• 9.2. Overview of the structure of an embedded system
• 9.3. Example structure of a modest-sized system
• Chapter 10. Processing elements
• 10.1. Introduction
• 10.2. Microcontroller vs. microprocessor
• 10.3. Features to consider when selecting a processing element
• 10.4. Sample processors
• 10.5. A special note about start-up times
• 10.6. Summary
• Problems
• Chapter 11. Memories
• 11.1. Introduction
• 11.2. Physical-level issues
• 11.3. Logical-level issues
• 11.4. Summary
• Problems
• Chapter 12. Field-programmable gate arrays
• 12.1. Introduction
• 12.3. Algorithms in hardware
• 12.4. Low-end FPGAs and CPLDs
• 12.5. Summary
• Problems
• Chapter 13. Devices, sensors, and actuators
• 13.1. Introduction
• 13.2. Digital inputs
• 13.3. Analog inputs
• 13.4. Digital outputs
• 13.5. Analog outputs
• 13.6. Interfacing large numbers of digital inputs and outputs
• 13.7. Common output devices
• 13.8. PWM for controlling motors, LEDs, etc.
• 13.9. Sampling periodic analog signals
• 13.10. Summary
• Problems
• Chapter 14. Energy
• 14.1. Introduction
• 14.2. Proximity to reliable energy sources
• 14.3. Batteries
• 14.4. Energy harvesting
• 14.5. Design strategies
• 14.6. Summary
• Problems
• Chapter 15. Hardware-software mapping
• 15.1. Introduction
• 15.2. Task graphs, task splitting, and task merging
• 15.3. Integer linear programming for finding acceptable solutions
• 15.4. Pareto optimality
• 15.5. Summary
• Problems
• Part 4. Software
• Introduction
• Chapter 16. Operating systems
• 16.1. Introduction
• 16.2. Operating system features and support
• 16.3. Buy or build
• 16.4. Real-time operating system issues
• 16.5. Classification of real-time applications
• 16.6. Summary
• Problems
• Chapter 17. Scheduling
• 17.1. Introduction
• 17.2. Definitions and notation
• 17.3. Independent periodic tasks with preemption
• 17.4. Dependent periodic tasks
• 17.5. Independent aperiodic tasks
• 17.6. Dependent aperiodic tasks
• 17.7. Scheduling for a fixed number of processors
• 17.8. Estimating execution times – worst-case execution time
• 17.9. Summary
• Problems
• Chapter 18. Semaphores
• 18.1. Introduction
• 18.2. Motivation
• 18.3. Semaphores
• 18.4. Issues with priority – priority inversion
• 18.5. Summary
• Problems
• Chapter 19. Optimization and other special considerations
• 19.1. Introduction
• 19.2. Fixed point arithmetic
• 19.3. Optimizations for loop processing
• 19.4. Summary
• Problems
• Part 5. Communications
• Introduction
• Chapter 20. Introduction to communications and messages
• 20.1. Introduction
• 20.2. Messages and message passing
• 20.3. Summary
• Problems
• Chapter 21. Networks
• 21.1. Introduction
• 21.2. Brief history of networking
• 21.3. Basic network concepts
• 21.4. Classification of networks
• 21.5. Network topologies
• 21.6. Physical considerations
• 21.7. Summary
• Problems
• Chapter 22. The Internet
• 22.1. Introduction
• 22.2. The Open Systems Interconnection model
• 22.3. Transport Control Protocol and Internet Protocol
• 22.4. The ethernet protocol
• 22.5. Summary
• Problems
• Chapter 23. Low-level communication protocols
• 23.1. Introduction
• 23.2. Common serial protocols for wired connections
• 23.3. Common low-power wireless protocols and technologies for computer networks
• 23.4. Contention and collisions
• 23.5. Summary
• Problems
• Chapter 24. Cloud vs. edge vs. local computing
• 24.1. The cloud
• 24.2. Issues for embedded system design
• 24.3. Summary
• Problems
• Part 6. The Internet of Things
• Introduction
• Chapter 25. Reference models for the Internet of Things
• 25.1. Introduction
• 25.2. The IoT World Forum model
• 25.3. The INTEL model
• 25.4. Summary
• Problems
• Chapter 26. IoT issues
• 26.1. Introduction
• 26.2. Things
• 26.3. Scale
• 26.4. Heterogeneity of things
• 26.5. Security, privacy, and trust
• 26.6. Connectivity
• 26.7. Issues regarding big data and data ownership
• 26.8. Summary
• Problems
• Index