Efnisyfirlit

• Title
• Copyright
• Dedication
• Contents
• List of figures
• List of tables
• Preface
• Acknowledgments
• Glossary
• Part I Introduction
• 1 Environmental archaeology and human ecology
• Organization of this volume
• Interdependence
• Elaborating culture
• Goals of paleoenvironmental studies
• 2 Concepts for paleoenvironmental reconstruction
• Paleoenvironmental reconstruction in archaeology
• Causation and systemic relationships
• The emerging challenge to causal thinking
• 3 Mechanisms of environmental change
• Geographic concepts
• Climatic concepts
• Environmental change in external factors
• Environmental change in the five spheres
• 4 Human responses to environmental change
• Scales of environmental change
• Human strategic options
• Implications for environmental archaeology
• Part II Chronology
• 5 I ntroduction to chronometry and correlation
• Measuring time
• Calibration
• Seasonal clocks and biological rhythms
• Stratification and stratigraphy
• Chronometry based on diagenetic changes
• Summary
• 6 Measuring time with isotopes and magnetism
• Chronometry based on radioactive decay
• Chronometry based on radiation damage
• Chronometry based on cosmogenic nuclides
• Chronometry based on the Earth’s magnetic field
• Summary
• Case Study: The elusiveness of time
• Part III Climate
• 7 Climate: The driving forces
• Scales in time and space
• Factors operating at large (mega- and macro-) scales
• Factors at macro- to micro-scales
• Mechanisms involved in a meso-scale climatic reversal
• Coda
• 8 Climate reconstruction
• Defining climate at large scales
• Defining climate at meso- and micro-scales
• Coda
• Case Study: When is an environmental change a climatic change?
• Part IV Geomorphology
• 9 Landforms
• Introduction to geomorphology
• Scales of landform analyses
• Processes and concepts in landform analyses
• Basic geomorphological methods
• Landforms at mega- and macro-scales ( 104km2; 106–9 years)
• Landforms at meso-scales ( 104km2)
• Landforms at micro-scale ( 1km2)
• 10 Landforms of shores and shallowwater
• Coastal geomorphic concepts and processes
• Methods of landform reconstruction
• Coastal landforms with archaeological sites
• Coda
• Case Study: Landform reconstruction at Laetoli, Tanzania
• Part V Sediments and soils
• 11 basic principles of sedimentology and soils science
• Introductory concepts
• Study techniques in sedimentology
• Pedogenesis and diagenesis
• Soil science
• Coda
• 12 Archaeological matrices
• Messages in the matrix
• Terrestrial matrices
• Wet and frozen site environments
• Coda
• Case Study: Did the Classical civilizations destroy their own a gricultural lands?
• Part VI Vegetation
• 13 Concepts and methods in paleobotany
• Macrobotanical remains (Plantae and Fungi)
• Microbotanical remains: pollen and spores
• Microbotanical remains in mineral form
• Chemical traces and proxy data
• Coda
• 14 Vegetation in paleoecology
• Assembling the database
• Scales of reconstruction
• Communities in paleoecology
• Landscapes with people
• Plants in people
• Discussion
• Case Study: The paleoecology of the elm decline
• Part VII Fauna
• 15 Faunal paleoenvironments: concepts and methods
• AnimalKingdom
• Vertebrates
• Invertebrates
• Coda
• 16 Faunal paleoecology
• Reconstructing faunal environments
• From assemblages to associations
• Responses to habitat change: behavior and physiology
• Coda
• 17 Humans among animals
• Human effects in animal ecosystems
• Animals as human foods
• Paleopathology
• Coda
• Case Study:Howdowe read these bones? Seasons of use at Star Carr
• Part VIII Integration
• 18 Anthropocentric paleoecology
• The many variables of environmental studies
• Implications for research practice
• Example of successful integration and interpretation
• Afuture for paleoenvironmental studies
• References
• Index