Efnisyfirlit

• Cover image
• Title page
• Table of Contents
• Copyright
• Foreword
• Preface
• Contributors
• Section A: Nutritional Foundations
• Chapter 1: Gastrointestinal physiology
• Enteric Nervous System
• Mouth
• Esophagus
• Stomach
• Small intestine
• Cecum and colons
• Chapter 2: Endocrine and metabolic physiology
• Neuroendocrine regulation of appetite and energy balance
• Endocrine regulation of metabolism
• Overview of macronutrient metabolism
• Storage of energy substrates in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue
• Insulin sensitivity and resistance
• Skeletal muscle glycogen metabolism
• Chapter 3: Factors affecting feed intake
• Quantitative intake
• Qualitative intake
• Rate of intake
• Conclusions
• Chapter 4: Water
• Body fluid compartments
• Water balance
• Fluid output or loss
• Water intake
• Drinking behavior of horses
• Evaluating water supply and water intake
• Water systems and maintenance
• Methods to maintain or increase water intake
• Water quality
• Summary
• Chapter 5: Energy systems and requirements
• Introduction
• Energy balance and defining energy units
• Practical application of energy systems
• Advantages and disadvantages of different systems
• Conclusions
• Chapter 6: Amino acids and protein
• Introduction
• Basic properties of proteins and amino acids
• Protein and amino acid digestion and absorption
• Dietary sources of protein and amino acids
• Supplementation of individual amino acids/amino acid derivatives
• Protein and amino acid requirements of horses
• Methods of assessing dietary protein/amino acid adequacy
• Signs of protein/amino acid deficiency and excess
• Summary
• Chapter 7: Fat and fatty acids
• Structural chemistry and nomenclature
• Fat digestion and absorption
• Dietary sources of fat
• Essential fatty acids
• Omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids
• Potential benefits of increasing fat intake
• Potential clinical applications of fat-added diets
• Practical guidelines for feeding fat to horses
• Conclusion
• Chapter 8: Carbohydrates
• Carbohydrate nomenclature
• Sources of dietary carbohydrate and relevance to equine health
• Assessment of carbohydrates in feed
• Carbohydrate digestion and absorption
• Management of nonstructural carbohydrate intake
• Summary and overall recommendations
• Chapter 9: Vitamins
• Introduction
• General considerations regarding vitamin requirements
• Fat-soluble vitamins
• Water-soluble vitamins
• Chapter 10: Macro and trace elements in equine nutrition
• Overview
• Factors determining requirements
• Minerals as essential nutrients
• Trace elements
• Conclusion
• Section B: Nutrition for Lifestage, Type or Function
• Chapter 11: Feeding stallions and broodmares
• Introduction
• Stallions
• Pregnant mares
• Lactating mares
• Reproductive efficiency in the mare
• Conclusion
• Chapter 12: Feeding the growing horse
• Introduction
• Growth
• Energy requirements
• Protein requirements
• Mineral and vitamin requirements
• Practical application
• Conclusions
• Chapter 13: Practical considerations for feeding racehorses
• Performance metrics
• Nutrition and performance
• Typical feeding programs
• Conclusion
• Chapter 14: Nutritional management of elite endurance horses
• Energy metabolism
• Energy requirements
• Meeting energy requirements
• Protein nutrition
• Fluid and electrolyte losses accompanying endurance exercise
• Suggested feeding and management strategies for race days
• Conclusion
• Acknowledgment
• Chapter 15: Nutritional considerations for aged horses
• Introduction
• Key aspects of aging in humans and other species
• Definition and prevalence of the “geriatric” or “aged” horse
• Common causes of mortality in aged horses
• Clinical conditions most commonly associated with aging (not necessarily mortality) in horses
• Changes in nutritional requirements with age
• General considerations regarding feeding and management of the old horse
• Specific considerations
• Possible additional nutritional support
• Conclusion
• Chapter 16: Practical donkey and mule nutrition
• The donkey
• Feeding for pregnancy, lactation and growth
• Practical feeding
• Feeding mules
• Special considerations for working donkeys
• Summary
• Section C: Applied Nutrition – Feeds
• Chapter 17: Feedstuffs for horses
• Introduction
• Roughage
• Concentrate ingredients
• Mineral and vitamin supply
• Chapter 18: Pastures and pasture management
• Introduction
• Pastures
• Stocking density and grazing systems
• Grazing systems
• Pasture manipulation
• Weed control
• Pasture toxicity
• Soil
• Seminatural grasslands
• Manure management
• Fertilization
• Renovation and reseeding
• Management practices – a yearly calendar and summary
• Conclusion
• Chapter 19: Specialized dietary supplements
• Introduction
• Nutrients with established requirements (but fed in amounts far greater than minimal requirements, as defined by the NRC 2007)
• Substances with no known nutritional requirement
• Complex materials that contain a mixture of putative active ingredients
• Conclusion
• Chapter 20: Feed hygiene and related disorders in horses
• Introduction
• Diversity/variety of contaminants in feeds for horses
• Practical evaluation of feed hygiene
• Microbiological investigations to assess the hygiene status of feedstuffs and bedding material
• Potential effects of poor feed hygiene on horse health
• Other potential contaminants
• Water quality and hygiene
• Responsibilities of partners in the feed supply chain
• Summary
• Acknowledgments
• Chapter 21: The manufacturers’ role in feed quality and safety: A discussion on methods used in feed manufacturing processes to assure feed hygiene and safety
• Introduction
• Drivers of feed assurance
• Methods for achieving quality
• Demonstrating feed quality
• Challenges
• Conclusions
• Section D: Applied Nutrition
• Chapter 22: Assessment of body condition and bodyweight
• Introduction
• Methods of assessing bodyweight
• Methods of assessing body condition
• Assessment of regional fat distribution
• Implications for health and performance
• Choosing an assessment method
• Conclusions
• Chapter 23: Ration evaluation and formulation
• Information needed for ration evaluation
• Predicted versus actual analysis
• Assessment of current ration
• Assessment of pasture
• Laboratory analysis of feed and forage samples
• Assessment of forage consumption
• Assessment of grazing consumption
• Matching intake to requirements
• Establishing forage intake and a suitable forage to concentrate ratio
• Other considerations
• The use of supplements
• Ration evaluation software
• Advantages, disadvantages/limitations of various manufacturing processes
• Chapter 24: Assessment of nutritional status from analysis of blood and other tissue samples
• Urine
• Hair
• Hoof horn
• Liver
• Chapter 25: Effects of diet on behavior – normal and abnormal
• Abnormal oral behavior associated with diet and feeding
• Time budgets and feeding patterns in the wild and in modern husbandry
• Digestive processes and links with behavior
• Further evidence linking stereotypy with digestion and potential confounding factors
• Effects of dietary carbohydrate, fiber and oil on behavior
• Evidence for diet-mediated physiological changes
• Glucoregulation and the serotonergic system
• Behavior modification by feed supplements
• Foraging enrichment
• Conclusions
• Chapter 26: Controversial areas in equine nutrition and feeding management: The Editors’ views
• Questions concerning feed intake
• The dilemma of “supplementation”
• Conflict between athletic performance and optimal digestive health and behavior
• Pre- and post-exercise feeding management of athletic horses
• Nutrition and skin health
• Conclusion
• Section E: Clinical Nutrition
• Chapter 27: Laminitis
• Epidemiology and risk factors
• Pathogenesis
• Management of cases
• Countermeasures to nutritionally associated laminitis
• Summary
• Chapter 28: Obesity
• Definition of obesity
• Prevalence
• Potential contributing factors
• Disease associations
• Pathophysiology of obesity
• Management of obesity
• Conclusion
• Chapter 29: Feeding thin and starved horses
• Aetiology
• Case evaluation
• Pathophysiology of food deprivation
• Nutritional management of the thin horse
• Rehabilitation of the chronically starved horse or pony
• Nutritional management of the chronically starved horse
• Monitoring rehabilitation
• Chapter 30: Hyperlipemia
• Epidemiology and risk factors
• Pathophysiology
• Conclusions
• Chapter 31: Exercise-associated muscle disorders
• Epidemiology and risk factors
• Classification and etiology
• Clinical signs
• Diagnosis
• Management and prevention
• Conclusion
• Chapter 32: Developmental orthopedic disease
• Introduction
• Etiology and pathology of DOD
• Impact of nutrition on DOD
• Nutritional recommendations for avoidance of DOD
• Chapter 33: Oral joint supplements in the management of osteoarthritis
• Introduction
• Indications for OJSs
• Types of OJSs
• Glucosamine and/or chondroitin sulfate
• Sasha’s Blend
• Hyaluronan (hyaluronic acid)
• Avocado soy unsaponified (ASU)
• Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs)
• Conclusions
• Chapter 34: Gastric ulceration
• Epidemiology of equine gastric ulcers
• Anatomical distribution of gastric ulcers
• Risk factors and pathophysiology
• Potential role of bile acids and bacteria within the stomach
• Clinical signs of EGUS
• Diagnosis of gastric ulceration
• Nutritional management to reduce risk of gastric ulceration (Box 34.1)
• Medical management
• Conclusions
• Chapter 35: Intestinal disease
• Introduction
• Diets and feeding behaviors
• Epidemiology and risk factors for intestinal disease
• Nutritional risk factors for diarrhea
• Nutritional risk factors for colic
• Pathophysiology of nutritional colic and diarrhea
• Dietary principles for promoting intestinal health
• Conclusion
• Chapter 36: Urinary tract disease
• Acute kidney injury and acute renal failure
• Chronic kidney disease
• Urolithiasis
• Chapter 37: Hepatic insufficiency
• Metabolic consequences of hepatic insufficiency
• Dietary principles in hepatic insufficiency
• Conclusions
• Chapter 38: Nutritional considerations in grass sickness, botulism, equine motor neuron disease and equine degenerative myeloencephalopathy
• Grass sickness
• Botulism
• Equine motor neuron disease (EMND)
• Equine degenerative myeloencephalopathy (EDM)
• Chapter 39: Feeding management pre- and post-surgery
• Introduction
• Hormonal and metabolic changes associated with general anesthesia and surgery
• Perioperative glucose regulation and control
• Feeding management pre-surgery
• Postoperative colic and ileus
• Postoperative feeding management
• Practical approach to feeding pre- and post-surgery
• Summary
• Chapter 40: Feeding orphan and sick foals
• Introduction
• The orphan foal
• Sick neonatal foals
• Chapter 41: Assisted enteral and parenteral feeding
• Introduction
• Effects of feed deprivation
• Nutritional support
• Conclusion
• Nutritional requirements, recommendations and example diets
• Glossary
• Index