Efnisyfirlit

• Cover
• Contents
• Title Page
• Copyright
• Foreword
• Acknowledgements
• Part I: The Raw Materials
• 1 Introduction
• Why train?
• What are the aims of a training programme?
• Exercise, work, training, fitness and performance
• 2 Energetics of exercise
• Introduction
• The resting horse
• The energy for muscle contraction
• The conversion of food into useful energy for exercise
• Energy pathways
• Energy partitioning
• Size of the fuel stores
• Running out of energy
• 3 Muscles
• Introducing skeletal muscle
• Inside the muscle cell
• How does the nerve impulse make the muscle contract?
• Properties of muscular activity
• Muscle fibre types and distribution
• Type I fibres (red endurance muscle)
• Type II fibres (white sprint muscle)
• Muscle capillary supply
• Muscle fibre recruitment
• Distribution of muscle fibre types
• 4 Connective tissue
• Tendons and ligaments
• Bones
• 5 The respiratory system
• Respiration, breathing, ventilation
• Anatomy of the respiratory system
• How much air goes in and out?
• What makes the air go in and out of the lung?
• Pleural membranes
• Ventilation–perfusion matching and mismatching
• How easy is it to inflate the lungs?
• Getting gases across the alveolar–capillary membrane
• 6 The cardiovascular system
• Types of blood vessel
• The heart as a pump
• Cardiac output
• Electrical conduction through the heart
• The cardiac cycle
• The electrocardiogram (ECG)
• Control of blood flow
• Control of blood pressure
• The composition of blood
• Red blood cells (erythrocytes)
• Haematology and clinical biochemistry
• Part II: Exercise and Training Responses
• 7 Muscular responses
• The muscular response to exercise
• The muscular response to training
• How long does it all take?
• How long does it all last?
• 8 Skeletal responses
• Mechanical properties of bone
• The influence of exercise on modelling and remodelling
• The responses of bone to training
• Training bone in practical terms
• Responses of cartilage to training
• Responses of tendons to training
• 9 Respiratory responses
• The oxygen pathway
• Ventilation
• Respiratory–locomotory coupling
• Alveolar ventilation
• Is respiratory–locomotory coupling over-rated?
• Pulmonary resistance
• The struggle to breathe
• The work of breathing
• Exercise-induced arterial hypoxaemia
• Respiratory response to training
• 10 Cardiovascular responses
• The heart in exercise and performance
• Maximal oxygen uptake
• Splenic reserves
• Blood pressure during exercise
• Matching oxygen demand and supply
• The cardiovascular response to training
• 11 Aspects of physiological stress and fatigue
• Stress
• 12 Thermoregulation
• Replacing fluid losses
• Replacing electrolyte losses
• Assessing environmental thermal stress
• Acclimatisation and acclimation
• Management of competitions in thermally stressful environments
• Thermoregulation in the cold
• 13 Introduction to biomechanics
• Studying the gaits
• Kinetics and force plates
• Studying kinematics
• Stride length and stride frequency
• The gaits
• Gallop
• Gait transitions
• The rider
• Energy cost
• The jump stride
• Spinal kinematics and back problems
• Bow and string theory
• Part III: Applications of Exercise Physiology
• 14 The demands of equestrian sport
• Eventing
• Endurance
• Racing
• Showjumping
• Polo
• 15 Training principles
• Horses are natural athletes
• Training objectives
• Training specificity
• Identify the challenge
• Training intensity, frequency, duration and volume
• Tapering for peak performance
• Overtraining
• Detraining
• 16 Training facilities
• Training and racing surfaces
• Hoof–surface interaction
• Treadmills
• Swimming pools
• Water treadmills
• 17 Practical training
• How fit does the horse need to be?
• How long will it take?
• Can you bring all the systems to a peak at once?
• How do I construct a training programme?
• How should interval training be carried out?
• Learning to ride at a set speed
• How hard should the horse work and how soon should I increase the intensity?
• Load carried
• Ideal body condition
• How long can you keep a horse at a peak?
• What do you do if the horse has an enforced lay-off?
• Keeping athletes on the road
• 18 Exercise testing
• Why would you want to use an exercise test?
• Standardisation and specificity
• Examples of field exercise tests
• Fitting a heart rate monitor
• Simple field tests using a heart rate monitor
• Treadmill testing
• Comparison of overland versus treadmill exercise
• Types of treadmill test
• What can you measure on a horse exercising on a treadmill?
• 19 Indicators of performance
• What is performance testing?
• Which is best – field tests or treadmill tests?
• The effect of training on indicators of performance
• Biomechanical indicators of performance
• Poor performance and loss of performance investigation
• 20 Feeding performance horses
• What do we want from a feed ration?
• Water – the most important ingredient
• Water and electrolytes
• Meeting total daily energy requirements
• Quick release and slow release of energy
• Monitoring body mass and condition
• Minerals for performance horses
• Herbal supplements
• Miscellaneous supplements
• Drugs and performance
• 21 Transport
• What happens to a horse during transport?
• Weight loss during transport
• Recovery following transport
• Recommendations for preparation, transport and acclimatisation for the 1996 Atlanta Olympic Games
• References
• Further Reading
• Index