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• Title of Book
• Cover image
• Title page
• Table of Contents
• Copyright
• Contributors
• Introduction
• Part I: The neuromodulation approach
• Chapter 1. The neuromodulation approach
• Abstract
• Introduction
• History
• Applications
• Ethics
• Cost
• References
• Part II: Regions of application
• Chapter 2. Cerebral: surface
• Abstract
• Chapter 2
• ICS versus NICS
• Targeting
• How does CS work?
• Future developments
• Chapter 2.1. Commentary on Chapter 2: cerebral: surface
• Chapter 3. Cerebral—deep
• Abstract
• Introduction
• The thalamus
• Pain
• Tremor
• Epilepsy
• Tourette’s syndrome
• Globus pallidus pars internus (GPi)
• Parkinson’s disease
• Dystonia
• Subthalamic nucleus (STN)
• Pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN)
• Deep cerebral target for psychiatric illness
• Ventral capsule/ventral striatum (Vc/Vs)
• Subgenual cingulate cortex (cg25)
• Other deep cerebral targets for psychiatric illness
• Hypothalamus
• Conclusion
• Chapter 3.1. Commentary on Chapter 3: cerebral–deep
• Chapter 4. Spinal—extradural neuromodulation
• Abstract
• Introduction
• Relevant anatomy
• Indications
• Evidence by stimulation paradigm
• High-frequency stimulation
• BurstDR stimulation
• Dorsal root ganglion stimulation
• Complications and pitfall avoidance
• Conclusion
• Further reading
• Chapter 4.1. Commentary on Chapter 4: spinal—extradural
• Chapter 5. Peripheral nerve stimulation
• Abstract
• Introduction
• General principles of PNS for treatment of pain
• Specific PNS applications
• Autonomic nerve stimulation
• Conclusion
• Chapter 5.1. Commentary on Chapter 5: peripheral nerve stimulation
• Part III: The neuromodulation therapy interface
• Chapter 6. Waveforms and mechanisms in neuromodulation
• Abstract
• Introduction
• Waveform shapes
• Commercial applications
• Mechanisms of action
• Conclusions
• Chapter 6.1. Commentary on Chapter 6: waveforms and mechanisms in neuromodulation
• Chapter 7. The electrode—principles of the neural interface and materials
• Abstract
• Introduction
• Physical basis of the electrode/electrolyte interface
• Charge injection across the electrode–electrolyte interface during electrical stimulation
• Charge injection for extracellular stimulation of excitable tissue
• Mechanisms of damage
• Design compromises for efficacious and safe electrical stimulation
• Materials used as electrodes for charge injection and reversible charge storage capacity
• Size and shape considerations
• Chapter 7.1. Commentary on Chapter 7: the electrode—principles of the neural interface and materials
• Targeted delivery of electrical energy
• Optimizing neural activation
• Injury produced by electrical stimulation
• Constant current versus constant voltage stimulation
• Chapter 8. Device materials, handling, and upgradability
• Abstract
• Introduction
• Device construction
• Lead system configuration and materials
• Patient programmers and security
• SCS lead complications
• DBS lead complications
• Safety considerations
• Conclusions
• Chapter 8.1. Commentary on Chapter 8: device materials, handling, and upgradability
• Chapter 9. Electronics
• Abstract
• Introduction
• Guiding design rationale
• Neurostimulator design
• Neurostimulation: pulse delivery
• Neurostimulator architecture
• Neurostimulator power
• Neurostimulator communications
• Conclusions
• Chapter 9.1. Commentary on Chapter 9: electronics
• Concluding remarks
• Chapter 10. Power use in neurostimulators
• Abstract
• Overview
• Introduction
• Power and energy storage requirements
• Batteries
• Therapeutic power requirements
• Methods of stimulation
• Other energy sources
• Performance limits of primary cell devices
• Conclusions
• Further reading
• Chapter 10.1. Commentary on Chapter 10: power use in neurostimulators
• Part IV: Placing neuromodulation in the human body
• Chapter 11. Surgical techniques
• Abstract
• Introduction
• Preoperative planning
• Awake or asleep?
• Lead insertion
• Generator implantation
• Conclusion
• Chapter 11.1. Commentary on Chapter 11: surgical techniques
• Chapter 12. Trials and their applicability
• Introduction
• Intrathecal infusion trials
• Pump selection
• Indications
• Patient selection
• Patient acceptance
• Needle placement for intrathecal pump placement introduction
• Preoperative preparation
• Anesthesia
• Procedure
• Spinal cord stimulation trials
• Operative technique
• Conclusion
• Selected readings
• Chapter 12.1. Commentary on Chapter 12: trials and their applicability
• Chapter 13A. Intraoperative physiology techniques to inform targeting
• Abstract
• Background
• Description of neuromonitoring protocol
• Interpretation of data
• Intraoperative neuromonitoring for dorsal root ganglion stimulation
• Uses of intraoperative neuromonitoring in determining physiologic differences in waveforms
• Conclusion
• Further reading
• Chapter 13A.1. Commentary on Chapter 13A: intraoperative physiology techniques to inform targeting
• Chapter 13. Limiting morbidity in neuromodulation
• Abstract
• Disclosures
• Introduction
• Preoperative considerations
• Intraoperative considerations
• Postoperative considerations
• Conclusion
• Chapter 13.1. Commentary on Chapter 13: limiting morbidity in neuromodulation
• Patient selection
• Infection/erosion
• Neurologic deficit
• CSF leak following intrathecal catheter placement
• Part V: Troubleshooting and repair
• Chapter 14. Intraoperative evaluation
• Abstract
• Introduction
• Principles of assessment
• Intraoperative testing
• Testing methodology
• Examples
• Conclusion
• Chapter 14.1. Commentary on Chapter 14: intraoperative evaluation
• Chapter 15A. Troubleshooting of neuromodulatory devices: case examples
• Abstract
• Conflicts of interest
• Introduction
• Loss of therapy
• Migration
• Problems at generator site
• Adverse stimulation effects
• Erosion
• Conclusion
• Chapter 15A.1. Commentary on Chapter 15A: troubleshooting of neuromodulatory devices: case examples
• Part VI: Postoperative management
• Chapter 15. Programming—DBS programming
• Abstract
• Introduction
• Overview
• Process
• Initial programming session
• Follow-up
• Maintenance
• Alternative programming methods
• Patient control
• Conclusion
• Further reading
• Chapter 15.1. Commentary on Chapter 15: programming—DBS programming
• Chapter 16. Programming—SCS
• Abstract
• Introduction
• Technical considerations
• Stimulation options
• Minimizing energy usage
• Patient response and preference
• Conclusion
• Chapter 16.1. Comments on Chapter 16: programming—SCS
• Part VII: The end user
• Chapter 17. Expectations and outcomes
• Abstract
• Deep brain stimulation for movement disorders
• Epilepsy
• Conclusions
• References
• Further reading
• Chapter 18. Paradigm shifts and the future of neuromodulation
• Abstract
• Introduction
• Paradigm shifts
• Past paradigm shifts in neuromodulation: chronic opioid therapy and spinal cord stimulation for intractable pain
• Past paradigm shifts in neuromodulation: spinal cord stimulation mechanism of action and SCS-induced paresthesias required for pain relief
• Anticipated paradigm shifts in neuromodulation: the future of neuromodulation
• Short term
• Longer term
• Paradigm shifts in neuromodulation
• Neuromodulation for nondisease states
• Neurostimulation: the way forward
• References
• Further reading
• Appendix
• NeuroPace
• Nevro Corporation
• LivaNova PLC
• Saluda medical
• Abbott laboratories
• Medtronic
• Nalu Medical
• Boston Scientific
• Index