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• Cover Page
• Title Page
• Brief Contents
• Detailed Contents
• Case Histories
• Preface
• Acknowledgments
• About the Authors
• 1. History and Definitions of Family Violence
• Violence in Families
• Intrafamilial Nonfatal Abuse
• Intrafamilial Fatal Abuse
• Why Are Families Violent?
• Discovering Family Violence: How Social Conditions Become Social Problems
• Discovering Child Maltreatment: The Historical Context
• Discovering Intimate Partner Violence: The Historical Context
• The Co-occurrence of Child Maltreatment and Marital Violence
• International and Understudied Groups in the Discovery of Family Violence
• Defining Family Violence: Understanding the Social Construction of Deviance Definitions
• Corporal Punishment
• Defining Rape
• Defining Family
• Defining Violence
• Defining Family Violence
• Legally Defining Family Violence
• Monetary and Other Costs of Family Violence
• Practice, Policy, and Prevention Issues
• Intervention Strategies
• Common Myths About Family Violence
• Goals of This Book
• Chapter Summary
• Discussion Questions
• 2. Research Methodology, Assessment, and Theories of Family Violence
• Studying Family Violence: A Multidisciplinary Effort
• Sociological Research
• Social Work Research
• Crimitoclogical Research
• Psychological and Psychiatric Research
• Public Health and Medical Research
• Neuroscience and Genetics Research
• Legal Research
• Cross-Cultural/Global Inquiry
• Biobehavioral Research: An Emerging Field
• Interdisciplinary Science
• Expansion of Federal Government Research
• Section Summary
• Theoretical Explanations for Family Violence
• Macrotheory: Explaining Patterns of Family Violence
• Microtheory: Explaining the Behaviors of Individual Violent Family Members
• Correlates and Single-Factor Variables Related to Family Violence
• Multidimensional Theories
• Section Summary
• Methodology: How Researchers Try to Answer Questions About Family Violence
• Sources of Data
• Assessment and Research Design Issues
• Family Violence Scales and Measurement Issues
• Statistical and Evaluation Matters
• Practice, Policy, and Prevention Issues
• Research Issues
• Practice Issues
• Advocacy Issues
• Policy Implications
• Section Summary
• Discussion Questions
• 3. Child Neglect and Psychological Maltreatment
• Scope of the Problem
• What Is Child Neglect?
• Definitions of Child Neglect
• Typologies of Neglect
• Cross-Cultural Abuse
• Section Summary
• Prevalence/Incidence of Child Neglect
• Official Estimates
• Self-Report Surveys
• Section Summary
• Effects of Child Neglect
• Early Neglect
• Unique Effects
• Expanded Research on the Effects of Neglect
• Attachment Difficulties
• Minnesota Longitudinal Study
• Cognitive and Academic Deficits
• Emotional and Behavioral Problems
• Physical Consequences
• Section Summary
• Characteristics of Neglected Children and Their Families
• Characteristics of Neglected Children.
• Disabled Children in Eastern Europe
• Characteristics of Neglectful Parents
• Parent-Child Interactions
• Section Summary
• Child Psychological Maltreatment
• Lack of Focus on Child Maltreatment
• Scope of the Problem
• Section Summary
• Children Exposed to Interparental Violence
• Co-occurrence of Child Abuse and Domestic Violence
• Defining Exposure to Interparental Violence
• Prevalence of Exposure to Marital Violence
• Effects of Children’s Exposure to Interparental Violence
• Section Summary
• Characteristics of Maltreated Children and Their Families
• Characteristics of Maltreated Children
• Resilient Children
• Characteristics of Maltreating Parents
• Section Summary
• Explaining Child Neglect and Child Psychological Maltreatment
• Parenting Problems in Neglectful and Psychologically Maltreating Families
• Section Summary
• Methodological Issues Pertaining to Effects Research
• Practice, Policy, and Prevention Issues
• Practice (Treatment) for Child Neglect and Psychological Maltreatment
• Section Summary
• Policy Issues
• Section Summary
• Discussion Question
• 4. Child Physical Abuse
• Scope of the Problem
• What Is Child Physical Abuse?
• Definitions of Child Physical Abuse
• Physical Punishment and Child Rearing
• Physical Discipline—The Debate
• Section Summary
• Prevalence/Incidence of Child Physical Abuse
• Official Estimates
• Injuries
• Child Death Review Teams
• Neonaticidal Mothers
• Self-Report Surveys
• Trends in Rates of Physical Abuse
• Section Summary
• Effects of Child Physical Abuse on Children
• Long-Term Effects Associated With Child Physical Abuse (CPA)
• Physical and Mental Health
• Criminal and Violent Behavior
• Substance Abuse
• Socioemotional Difficulties
• Mediators/Moderators of Abuse Effects
• Expanded Discussion of Individual Effects of Child Physical Abuse
• Medical and Neurobiological Problems
• Cognitive Problems
• Behavioral Problems
• Difficulties Related to Psychopathology
• Research Issues
• Section Summary
• Characteristics of Children Who Are Physically Abused
• Age
• Gender
• Related Variables
• Race
• Characteristics of Adults Who Physically Abuse Children
• Age
• Gender and Parental Type
• Race
• Relationship of Perpetrator to the Abused Child
• Nontraditional Parenting
• Psychological, Interpersonal, and Biological Characteristics of Adults Who Physically Abuse Children
• Expanded Discussion of Psychological, Interpersonal, and Biological Characteristics of Adults Who Physically Abuse Children
• Biological Factors
• Emotional and Behavioral Characteristics of Perpetrators
• Family and Interpersonal Difficulties of Perpetrators
• Section Summary
• Explaining Child Physical Abuse
• The Individual Psychopathology Model—Mentally Ill Parent
• The Difficult Child Model
• Parent-Child Interaction Model
• Social Learning Theory
• Situational and Societal Conditions
• Stress
• Cultural Acceptance of Corporal Punishment
• Risk Factors for Child Physical Abuse
• Polyvictimization/Overlapping Risk Factors
• Protective Factors That Reduce Likelihood of Abuse
• Contemporary Theories of Child Physical Abuse
• Section Summary
• Practice, Policy, and Prevention Issues
• Practice (Treatment) for CPA
• Policy Toward Physical Child Abuse
• Research Issues
• Prevention of Child Physical Abuse
• Grandparenting
• Section Summary
• Discussion Questions
• 5. Child Sexual Abuse
• Scope of the Problem
• What Is Child Sexual Abuse?
• Defining Sexual Abuse
• Normal Touching
• Prevalence of Child Sex Abuse
• Disclosure Variability
• Memory Issues, CSA, and Disclosure
• Estimates of Child Sexual Abuse
• Official Estimates
• Self-Report Surveys
• Trends in Reported Child Sexual Abuse
• Section Summary
• Searching for Patterns: Characteristics of Victims and Perpetrators
• Characteristics of Sexually Abused Child Victims
• Characteristics of Child Sexual Abuse Perpetrators
• Section Summary
• Dynamics and Consequences Associated With Child Sexual Abuse
• Dynamics of Child Sexual Abuse
• Child Portocgraphy
• Prostitution
• Effects of Child Sexual Abuse
• Initial Effects
• Long-Term Effects of Child Sexual Abuse
• Explaining the Variability in Effects of CSA
• Reactions to Disclosure
• Section Summary
• Explaining Child Sexual Abuse
• Focus on the Victim
• Focus on the Offender
• Focus on the Family
• Focus on Society and Culture
• Integrative Theories
• Section Summary
• Practice, Policy, and Prevention Issues
• Practice (Treatment) Issues
• Policy for Child Sexual Abuse
• Prevention of Child Sexual Abuse
• Section Summary
• Discussion Questions
• 6. Abused and Abusive Adolescents
• Parental Abuse of Adolescents
• Defining Adolescent Maltreatment
• Types of Maltreatment
• Timing of Maltreatment
• Prevalence of Parent-to-Adolescent Physical/Psychological Abuse
• Consequences of Adolescent Maltreatment
• Risk Factors for Parent-to-Adolescent Maltreatment
• Explaining Parent-to-Adolescent Maltreatment
• Sexual Abuse of Adolescents
• Definition of Caregiver-to-Adolescent Sexual Abuse
• Context and Relationship to Offender of Sexually Victimized Adolescents
• Prevalence of Sexual Abuse of Adolescents
• Practice, Policy, and Prevention of Adolescent Maltreatment
• Abuse of Parents by Adolescents and Parricide
• Nonfatal Abuse of Parents
• Adolescent-to-Parent Violence Versus Parricide
• Prevalence of Family Murders
• Matricide Analysis
• Explaining Adolescent-to-Caregiver (Parent) Abuse
• Sibling Abuse
• Definitions of Sibling Abuse
• Attitudes Toward Sibling Abuse
• Prevalence of Sibling Abuse
• Sibling Sexual Abuse
• Definitions of Sibling Sexual Abuse
• Prevalence of Sibling Sexual Abuse
• Consequences of Negative Psychological, Physical, and Sexual Sibling Interactions
• Characteristics of Sibling Abusers
• Explaining Sibling Psychological, Physical, and Sexual Abuse
• Practice, Policy, and Prevention for Abusive/Abused Siblings
• Practice With Sibling Abusers
• Policy for Sibling Abuse
• Section Summary
• Effects of Family Abuse on Adolescent Interpersonal Relationships
• Juvenile Delinquency
• Bullying
• Adolescent Dating Violence
• Definition of Dating Violence (DV)
• Prevalence of Dating Violence
• Risk Factors for Dating Violence
• Consequences of Dating Violence
• Adolescents’ Responses to Dating Violence
• Helpseeking Among Teen Dating Violence Victims
• Characteristics of Adolescents Who Are Violent in Intimate Relationships
• Explaining Dating Violence
• Legal Issues for Victims of Psychological/Physical Dating Violence
• Dating/Intimate Sexual Assault
• Prevalence
• Consequences of Dating Sexual Abuse
• Explaining Sexual Abuse From Peers
• Legal Issues Concerning Dating Sexual Abuse
• Same-Sex Assaults Among Adolescents
• Same-Sex Adolescent Development
• Prejudice/Victimization of GLBT Youth
• Medical Screening
• Practice, Policy, and Prevention for Dating Violence
• Practice
• Policy
• Prevention of Dating Violence and Sibling Abuse
• Section Summary
• Revictimization
• Discussion Questions
• 7. Dating Aggression, Sexual Assault, and Stalking: Primarily Unmarried, College-Age Individuals
• Factors in Prevalence Estimates of Dating Violence, Sexual Assault, and Stalking
• Dating Violence
• Defining Dating Violence
• Mutual/Reciprocal Dating Violence
• Prevalence Estimates of Dating Violence
• Consequences of Dating Violence
• Explaining Dating Violence
• Traits of Individuals Involved in Dating Violence
• Attitudes Toward Dating Violence
• Treatment of Dating Violence
• Policy–Dating Violence
• Prevention
• Section Summary
• Sexual Assault, Sexual Coercion, and Rape
• Defining Sexual Assault
• Prevalence Estimates of Sexual Assault
• Women’s Responses to Sexual Victimization
• Criminal Justice System Responses
• Attitudes Toward Sexual Assault
• Traits of Individuals Involved in Unwanted Sexual Behaviors
• Consequences of Sexual Assault
• Medical Responses to Sexual Assault
• Explaining Sexual Assault
• Treatment of Sexual Assault
• Policy—Sexual Aggression
• Prevention of Sexual Assault
• Section Summary
• Stalking
• Defining Stalking
• Prevalence Estimates of Stalking
• Miscellaneous Findings
• Consequences of Stalking
• Traits of Individuals Involved in Stalking
• Victims’ Responses to Stalking
• Explaining Stalking
• Practice, Policy, and Prevention of Stalking
• Section Summary
• Same-Sex Dating Violence, Sexual Assault, and Stalking
• Cross-Cultural Dating Violence, Sexual Assault, and Stalking
• Ethnic Dating Violence, Sexual Assault, and Stalking
• NCVS Racial/Mitocrity Prevalence Rates of Nonlethal Assaults
• Asian/Latinas—Dating Violence
• Ethnic Comparisons—Dating Violence/Intimate Partner Violence (IPV)
• Stalking
• Counseling Services
• Alcohol/Drug Consumption Associated With Dating Violence and Sexual Assault
• Resistance Strategies
• Alcohol-Related Treatment
• Discussion Questions
• Note
• 8. Abused Heterosexual Partners: Primarily Women
• Blaming Victims of Intimate Partner Violence
• Blaming by Partner
• Blaming by Society
• Blaming by Professionals
• Blaming Oneself
• Attitudes of Faith Community Leaders
• Section Summary
• Consequences of Violence and Victimization
• Fear
• Stress, Trauma, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, and Cumulative Stress
• Health Problems
• Coping With Violence
• The Hostage Syndrome, Traumatic Bonding, and Attachment
• Learned Helplessness Versus Survivor Theory
• Perceived Control
• Psychological/Brain Disorder Effects of Male-to-Female Intimate Partner Violence
• Section Summary
• Employment
• Male-to-Female IPV and Barriers to Employment
• Welfare Assistance Dilemmas
• Section Summary
• Criminal Justice System Responses to Intimate Partner Violence
• Legal Issues
• Arrest Policies
• Law Enforcement/Victim Interactions
• Criminal Justice System Processing
• Prosecution of MFIPV Perpetrators
• Judicial Behavior and Decision Making
• Section Summary
• Effects of MFIPV on Battered Women’s Lives and Their Leave/Stay Decisions
• Leave/Stay Decision-Making Process
• Do Battered Women Stay?
• Dangers of Leaving an Abusive Partner
• Ecotocmic Dependence and Its Diffuse Impact
• Society’s Inadequate Support for Battered Women
• Responses by Faith Communities
• Welfare Failures and Leave/Stay Decisions
• Shelters and Transitional Supportive Housing and Leaving
• Emotional Factors in Leave/Stay Decisions
• Section Summary
• Male Victims of Intimate Partner Violence (FMIPV): How Much of a Problem?
• Cluster Analysis of Male and Female IPV-Involved Individuals
• Discussion Questions
• Notes
• 9. Abusive Heterosexual Partners: Primarily Men
• Male-to-Female Intimate Partner Violence (MFIPV)
• Sociodemographic Characteristics of Batterers
• Definitions of Intimate Partner Violence and Abuse
• Comprehensive Government-Crafted Definitions
• Defining MFIPV Through Factor Analysis
• Patterns of IPV
• Estimates of Intimate Partner Violence
• Homicides/Suicides/Familicides
• Sexual Assault
• Psychological/Emotional Abuse of Intimate Partners
• Nonlethal Assault Estimates
• Section Summary
• Attitudes and Classifications of Batterers
• Society’s Attitudes Toward Batterers
• Batterers’ Attributions for Male-to-Female Intimate Partner Violence
• Johnson’s Violent Couple Categories
• Individual Differences (Traits) Between Batterers and Others
• Denial and Minimization
• Anger, Hostility, and Intermittent Explosive Disorder (IED)
• Depression, Self-Esteem, Shame, Guilt, and Humiliation
• Lack of Awareness/Automaticity
• Empathy
• Attachment Difficulties and Emotional Dependence
• Jealousy
• Marital Dissatisfaction/Satisfaction
• Section Summary
• Becoming and Remaining a Batterer: Causes of MFIPV
• Socialization
• Verbal Skills/Communication
• Alcohol/Drug Abuse and Battering
• Stress, Emotions, Mood States, Trauma, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
• Biology and Genetics
• Personality Disorders
• Similarities and Differences Between Partner-Violent-Only Men and Other Violent Men
• Typologies of Male (MFIPV) Perpetrators
• Section Summary
• Female-to-Male Intimate Partner Abuse (FMIPV)
• Self-Defensive Female Violence (Violent Resistance, VR)
• Motives for FMIPV
• Correlates of Female-to-Male IPV
• Battered Women Who Kill
• Section Summary
• Discussion Questions
• 10. Abused and Abusive Partners in Understudied Populations: Cross-Cultural, Immigrant/Ethnic/Racial, Rural, Same-Sex, and Military Groups
• Cross-Cultural Intimate Partner Violence
• Africa
• Asia
• Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Tajikistan
• Middle East
• Europe
• Russia
• Latin America
• North America
• Section Summary
• Immigrant and Ethnic/Racial Intimate Partner Violence
• Immigrants
• Ethnic/Racial Mitocrities
• Laws Affecting Immigrant Women
• Prevalence of Intimate Partner Violence Among Racial/Ethnic Groups
• Distinctive Features of Immigrants and Mitocrity Intimate Partner Violence
• Disclosure Patterns
• Trait Comparisons
• Immigrant and Ethnic Batterers
• Motives for Intimate Partner Violence
• Differences in Attitudes Toward the Criminal Justice System
• Consequences of Male-to-Female Intimate Partner Violence
• Social Support
• Differences in Leave/Stay Decisions
• Section Summary
• Rural Male-to-Female Intimate Partner Violence
• Law Enforcement
• Male-to-Female Intimate Partner Violence
• Sociodemographic Comparisons
• Help-Seeking and Services Available
• Section Summary
• Same-Sex Intimate Partner Violence (SSIPV)
• Estimating the Prevalence/Incidence of Same-Sex IPV
• Partner Violence
• Individual Differences (Traits) of Homosexuals
• Consequences of Same-Sex Intimate Partner Violence
• Section Summary
• The Military and Intimate Partner Violence
• Section Summary
• Discussion Questions
• 11. Adult Intimate Partner Violence: Practice, Policy, and Prevention
• Abused Partners: Practice, Policy, and Prevention—Primarily Women
• National Domestic Violence Hotline: 1–800–799-SAFE
• Agency Practices
• Social Support
• Psychotherapists’ Practices
• General Counseling Topics for Battered Women
• Policy
• Prevention Strategies
• Research Needs
• Section Summary
• Abusive Adult Partners: Practice, Policy, and Prevention Issues
• Practice
• General Targets of Batterer Counseling
• Policy
• Prevention
• Section Summary
• Treatment for Female-to-Male Intimate Partner Violence Perpetrators
• Cross-Cultural Practice, Policy, and Prevention
• Practice
• Policy
• Practice, Policy, and Prevention Among Immigrant/Ethnic/Racial Groups
• Practice
• Policy
• Prevention
• Practice, Policy, and Prevention Among Rural Battered Women
• Practice
• Policy
• Prevention
• Practice, Policy, and Prevention for Same-Sex Intimate Partner Violence
• Practice
• Policy
• Prevention
• Practice, Policy, and Prevention in the Military
• Practice
• Policy
• Prevention
• Discussion Questions
• 12. Abuse of Elderly and Disabled Persons
• Introduction
• Scope of the Problem
• Defining Elder Abuse
• Examples of Specific Abuses
• Attitudes Toward Abuse of Elderly Persons
• Prevalence of Elder/Adult Abuse
• Prevalence of Abuse in Rhode Island
• Prevalence of Elder Abuse in Two National Random Samples of Elders
• Prevalence of Elder Abuse Reported to State APSs: Abuse of Adults 60+ Years of Age
• Types of Injuries and Estimates
• Consequences of Elder Abuse
• Health Consequences
• Reactions of Professional Practitioners
• Section Summary
• Searching for Patterns: Who Is Abused and Who Are the Abusers?
• Characteristics of Abused Elders
• Characteristics of Elder Abusers
• Explaining Abuse of Elderly Persons
• Social Learning Theory
• Social Exchange Theory
• Stress and Dependency Theories
• Abuse by the severely mentally ill (SMI)
• Revictimization studies
• Section Summary
• Practice, Policy, and Prevention Issues
• Practice Issues for Treating Elder Abuse
• Social Services (APS) Responses to Elder Abuse
• Policy Issues for Combating Elder Abuse
• Community Involvement
• Prevention
• Social Support/Social Connectedness
• Section Summary
• Same-Sex Elder Abuse: Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgendered Elders
• Cross-Cultural Elder Abuse
• Prevalence of Cross-Cultural Elder Abuse
• Asian Countries
• Israel
• Spain
• United Kingdom
• Ethnic Elder Abuse
• African Americans
• American Indians
• Chinese Americans
• Korean Americans
• Cultural Competence
• Abuse of Disabled Persons
• Defining Disability
• Attitudes Toward Disabled Persons
• Estimates of Abuse of Disabled Persons
• Sexual Assault of Disabled Persons
• Perpetrators of Abuse of Disabled Persons
• Criminal Justice System Responses
• Characteristics of Disabled Victims and Their Abusers
• Disclosure of Abuse and Help-Seeking Activities
• Practice, Policy, and Prevention
• Abuse in Nursing Homes (Long-Term Care Facilities)
• Discussion Questions
• Abbreviations
• Glossary
• References
• Author Index
• Subject Index