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• Cover image
• Title page
• Table of Contents
• Copyright
• Dedication
• Foreword
• Preface
• Part I: Principles of Virology
• Chapter 1. History and Impact of Virology
• Abstract
• Why Study Virology?
• A Brief History of Virology
• The Virosphere
• The Nature of Viruses
• Scope of This Book
• Further Reading
• Chapter 2. Classification of Viruses and Phylogenetic Relationships
• Abstract
• Viral Taxonomy
• Viral Nomenclature
• Groupings of Viruses on the Basis of Epidemiological Criteria
• Taxonomy and the Causal Relationship between Virus and Disease
• Genome Sequencing and Virus Evolution
• Further Reading
• Chapter 3. Virion Structure and Composition
• Abstract
• Physical Methods for Studying Virus Structure
• Chemical Composition of Virions
• Virion Symmetry
• Further Reading
• Chapter 4. Virus Replication
• Abstract
• Growth of Viruses
• The Virus Replication Cycle
• Satellite Viruses and Viroids
• Generation of Genetic Diversity
• Quantitative Virus Assays
• Defective Interfering Viruses
• Further Reading
• Chapter 5. Innate Immunity
• Abstract
• Innate Responses
• Monocytes, Macrophages, and Dendritic Cells
• The Role of Natural Killer (NK) Cells and the Link with Adaptive Immunity
• The Importance of Molecular Recognition
• Interferons
• Cell Death and Apoptosis
• Evasion Strategies
• Further Reading
• Chapter 6. Adaptive Immune Responses to Infection
• Abstract
• Overview of the Adaptive Immune Responses to Viral Infection
• The Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) and Antigen Presentation
• Antibodies
• Cytokines
• Recovery from Viral Infection
• Neutralization of Viral Infectivity by Antibodies
• Immunity to Reinfection
• Immunological Memory
• Further Reading
• Chapter 7. Pathogenesis of Virus Infections
• Abstract
• The Incoming Virus Inoculum
• Routes of Entry—A Major Factor Governing the Specific Pattern of Infection
• Mechanisms of Virus Spread Within the Body
• Virus Infection of Target Organs
• Persistent Virus Infections—Mechanisms Influencing Persistence
• Mechanisms of Disease Production
• Viruses and Immunosuppression
• Viral Virulence and Host Resistance to Infection
• Co-infections
• Further Reading
• Chapter 8. Patterns of Infection
• Abstract
• Transient Localized Infections
• Transient Systemic Infections
• Persistent Infections
• Persistent Localized Infections
• Persistent Systemic Infections
• Further Reading
• Chapter 9. Mechanisms of Viral Oncogenesis
• Abstract
• Definitions and Overview of Virus Transformation
• Oncogenes and Tumor Suppressor Genes
• Oncogenesis by Retroviruses
• Oncogenesis by Small DNA Viruses
• Oncogenesis by Large DNA Viruses
• Other Important Viruses Associated with Cancers
• The Prevention and Management of Virally Induced Tumors
• Further Reading
• Chapter 10. Laboratory Diagnosis of Virus Diseases
• Abstract
• Rationale for Performing Laboratory Virus Diagnosis
• Collection, Packaging, and Transport of Samples
• Direct Identification of Virus, Viral Antigen, or Viral Genome
• Virus Isolation
• Measurement of Serum Antibodies
• Interpretation of Laboratory Results
• Laboratory Safety
• Further Reading
• Chapter 11. Vaccines and Vaccination
• Abstract
• Vaccine Design and Production
• Vaccine Safety, Efficacy, and Practical Usage
• Factors Affecting Vaccine Safety
• Passive Protection
• Vaccination Policy and Programs
• Further Reading
• Chapter 12. Antiviral Chemotherapy
• Abstract
• Strategies for the Development of AntiViral Agents
• Clinical Application
• Clinical Strategies
• Mechanisms of Action and Role of Individual AntiViral Drugs
• Newer Approaches Under Development
• Further Reading
• Chapter 13. Epidemiology of Viral Infections
• Abstract
• Mechanisms of Virus Survival
• Viral Shedding and Routes of Transmission
• Factors Affecting the Dynamics of Viral Infections
• Epidemiological Investigations
• Mathematical Modeling
• Further Reading
• Chapter 14. Control, Prevention, and Eradication
• Abstract
• Surveillance and Modeling of Virus Diseases
• Measures to Minimize Transmission
• Immunization
• Eradication
• Bioterrorism
• Further Reading
• Chapter 15. Emerging Virus Diseases
• Abstract
• Increased Recognition and Changes in Disease Patterns
• Factors Affecting Emergence
• Climate Change
• Ease of Travel
• Animals as a Source of Human Diseases
• Prevention and Control
• Further Reading
• Part II: Specific Virus Diseases of Humans
• Chapter 16. Poxviruses
• Abstract
• Properties of Poxviruses
• Diseases Caused by Members of the Genus Orthopoxvirus
• Diseases Caused by Members of the Genus Molluscipoxvirus
• Diseases Caused by Members of the Genus Yatapoxvirus
• Diseases Caused by Members of the Genus Parapoxvirus
• Further Reading
• Chapter 17. Herpesviruses
• Abstract
• Properties of the Viruses
• Herpes Simplex Virus Infection
• Varicella-Zoster Virus Infection
• Cytomegalovirus Infection
• Human Herpesviruses 6 and 7 (HHV-6 and HHV-7) Infection
• Epstein-Barr Virus Infection
• Human Herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8: Kaposi’s Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus) Infection
• B Virus (Macacine Herpesvirus 1) Infection
• Further Reading
• Chapter 18. Adenoviruses
• Abstract
• Classification
• Properties of Adenoviruses
• Virus Replication
• Adenovirus Diseases
• Pathogenesis, Pathology, and Immunity
• Laboratory Diagnosis
• Epidemiology, Prevention, Control, Treatment
• Adenoviruses as Vectors for the Delivery of Heterologous DNA
• Further Reading
• Chapter 19. Papillomaviruses
• Abstract
• Classification
• Properties of Papillomaviruses
• Viral Replication
• Clinical Features
• Pathogenesis and Immunity
• Natural History of Genital HPV Infection
• Laboratory Diagnosis
• Epidemiology
• Treatment and Prevention
• Further Reading
• Chapter 20. Polyomaviruses
• Abstract
• Classification, Properties, and Replication
• Pathogenesis
• BK Polyomavirus
• JC Polyomavirus
• Other Recently Described Human Polyomaviruses
• Further Reading
• Chapter 21. Parvoviruses
• Abstract
• Classification
• Properties of Parvoviridae
• Viral Replication
• Parvovirus B19
• Pathogenesis and Immunity
• Clinical Features
• Transient Aplastic Crisis
• Other Complications of Parvovirus B19 Infection
• Laboratory Diagnosis
• Epidemiology
• Treatment and Control
• Dependoviruses
• Human Bocaviruses
• Further Reading
• Chapter 22. Hepatitis B and Hepatitis Delta Viruses
• Abstract
• Hepatitis B Virus
• Hepatitis Delta Virus
• Classification
• Virion Properties
• Viral Replication
• Clinical Features
• Pathogenesis
• Laboratory Diagnosis
• Epidemiology
• Treatment and Prevention
• Further Reading
• Chapter 23. Retroviruses
• Abstract
• Properties of Retroviridae
• Viral Replication
• Human T cell Lymphotropic Viruses
• Human Immunodeficiency Viruses
• Subfamily Spumavirinae
• Further Reading
• Chapter 24. Reoviruses
• Abstract
• Properties of Reoviruses
• Viral Replication
• Rotavirus Gastroenteritis
• Orbiviruses
• Coltiviruses
• Orthoreoviruses
• Further Reading
• Chapter 25. Orthomyxoviruses
• Abstract
• Properties of Orthomyxoviruses
• Influenza
• Further Reading
• Chapter 26. Paramyxoviruses
• Abstract
• Properties of Paramyxoviruses
• Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection
• Parainfluenza Virus Infections
• Human Metapneumovirus Infection
• Measles
• Mumps
• Henipavirus Infections
• Further Reading
• Chapter 27. Rhabdoviruses
• Abstract
• Properties of Rhabdoviruses
• Rabies
• Vesicular Stomatitis and Other Rhabdoviruses
• Further Reading
• Chapter 28. Filoviruses
• Abstract
• Properties of Filoviruses
• Ebola and Marburg Virus Disease (Ebola and Marburg Hemorrhagic Fever)
• Further Reading
• Chapter 29. Bunyaviruses
• Abstract
• Properties of Bunyaviruses
• Diseases Caused by Members of the Genus Orthobunyavirus
• Diseases Caused by Members of the Genus Phlebovirus
• Diseases Caused by Members of the Genus Nairovirus
• Diseases Caused by Members of the Genus Hantavirus
• Further Reading
• Chapter 30. Arenaviruses
• Abstract
• Properties of Arenaviruses
• Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus Infection
• Lassa Fever
• Lujo Virus Infection
• South American Hemorrhagic Fevers
• Further Reading
• Chapter 31. Coronaviruses
• Abstract
• Properties of Coronaviruses
• Human Coronavirus Infections
• Severe Acute Respiratory Virus (SARS-CoV)
• Middle East Respiratory Virus (MERS-CoV)
• Further Reading
• Chapter 32. Picornaviruses
• Abstract
• Properties of Picornaviruses
• Poliomyelitis
• Enteroviruses A, B, C, D, and Parechoviruses
• Human Rhinoviruses A, B, and C
• Hepatitis A (HAV)
• Further Reading
• Chapter 33. Caliciviruses
• Abstract
• Classification
• Virion Properties
• Calicivirus (Norovirus and Sapovirus) Gastroenteritis
• Further Reading
• Chapter 34. Astroviruses
• Abstract
• Properties of Astroviruses
• Clinical Features
• Laboratory Diagnosis
• Epidemiology
• Prevention
• Further Reading
• Chapter 35. Togaviruses
• Abstract
• Properties of Togaviruses
• Diseases Caused by Members of the Genus Alphavirus
• Alphaviruses Causing Encephalitis—Eastern, Western, and Venezuelan Encephalitis
• Alphavirus Infections Marked by Fever, Rash, Myalgia, Arthralgia, and Arthritis
• Chikungunya
• Other Alphavirus Infections
• Disease Caused by the Rubivirus Rubella Virus
• Further Reading
• Chapter 36. Flaviviruses
• Abstract
• Properties of Flaviviruses
• Diseases Caused by Mosquito-Borne Member Viruses of the Genus Flavivirus
• Yellow Fever
• Dengue
• Zika Virus
• Japanese Encephalitis
• West Nile Virus Infection
• St. Louis Encephalitis
• Usutu Virus Infection
• Murray Valley (Australian) Encephalitis
• Rocio Virus Encephalitis
• Diseases Caused by Tick-Borne Members of the Genus Flavivirus
• Diseases Caused by Members of the Genus Hepacivirus
• Other Hepaciviruses
• Further Reading
• Chapter 37. Hepeviruses
• Abstract
• Classification and Properties of Hepatitis E Virus
• Viral Replication
• Clinical Features
• Pathology, Pathogenesis, and Immunity
• Laboratory Diagnosis
• Epidemiology, Prevention, Control, and Therapeutics
• Further Reading
• Chapter 38. Prions
• Abstract
• Properties of Prions
• Human Prion Diseases
• Diagnosis
• Treatment and Prevention
• Other Chronic Neurodegenerative Diseases
• Further Reading
• Chapter 39. Viral Syndromes
• Abstract
• The Human Virome
• Viral Diseases of the Respiratory Tract
• Viral Gastroenteritis
• Viral Diseases of the Central Nervous System
• Viral Skin Rashes
• Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers
• Viral Genitourinary Infections
• Viral Diseases of the Eye
• Viral Arthritis
• Viral Carditis
• Viral Hepatitis
• Viral Pancreatitis and Diabetes
• Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
• Congenital and Perinatal Viral Infections
• Viral Infections in Immunocompromised Patients
• Diseases of Unknown Etiology
• Further Reading
• Index