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• Title Page
• Copyright
• Dedication
• Contents
• Preface
• Acknowledgments
• Part I. Physical Activity and Exercise: Realizing Benefits and Maximizing Safety
• 1. Health and Fitness Benefits of Physical Activity and Exercise
• Health and Avoidance of Disease
• Physical Activity and Health
• Physical Activity Guidelines
• Fitness
• Performance
• Pulling It All Together
• 2. Preparticipation Screening
• Screening Forms
• Evaluation of Screening Forms
• Steps Following the Screening Process
• Fitness Program Decisions
• Understanding Common Medications
• Part II. Foundations
• 3. Anatomy in Action: Functional Movement
• Skeletal Anatomy
• Structure and Function of Joints
• Joint Movements
• Skeletal Muscle
• Muscle Groups
• Basic Biomechanical Concepts for Human Movement
• Muscle Groups and the Mechanics of Physical Activity
• 4. Physiology in Action: Exercise Physiology
• Energy and Work
• Metabolic, Cardiovascular, and Respiratory Responses to Exercise
• Understanding Muscle Structure and Function
• Muscular Adaptations to Endurance and Resistance Training
• Effects of Endurance Training and Detraining on Physiological Responses
• Regulating Body Temperature
• 5. Fueling for Activity: Dietary Considerations
• Essential Nutrients
• Examining Dietary Intake
• Recommendations for Dietary Intake
• Diet, Exercise, and the Blood Lipid Profile
• Nutrition for Physically Active Individuals
• 6. Energy Costs of Physical Activity
• Measuring Energy Expenditure
• Expressing Energy Expenditure
• Equations for Estimating the Energy Cost of Activities
• Energy Requirements of Walking, Running, Cycle Ergometry, and Stepping
• Energy Requirements of Other Activities
• Part III. Fitness Assessments
• 7. Overview of Assessment
• Testing Sequence
• Development of and Participation in an Individualized Exercise Program
• Periodic Retest and Activity Revision
• 8. Cardiorespiratory Fitness Assessments
• Common Measures to Examine CRF
• Graded Exercise Tests
• Field Tests
• Appendix 8.1: Treadmill Speed and Elevation Settings
• Appendix 8.2: Calibrating the Cycle Ergometer
• 9. Muscular Fitness Assessments
• Preliminary Considerations
• Muscular Strength
• Muscular Power
• Local Muscular Endurance
• Testing Older Adults
• Testing Clients With Cardiovascular Disease
• Testing Children and Adolescents
• 10. Flexibility and Neuromotor Fitness Assessments
• Basics of Flexibility and Neuromotor Fitness
• Factors Affecting Range of Motion and Neuromotor Fitness
• Hip, Knee, Ankle, and Shoulder Flexibility Testing
• Spinal Range of Motion and Low-Back Function
• Lumbopelvic Rhythm
• Combined Tests of Range of Motion in Trunk and Hip Flexion
• Assessing Neuromotor Fitness
• 11. Body Composition Assessments
• Health and Body Composition
• Methods for Assessing Body Composition
• Calculating Target Body Weight
• 12. Electrocardiogram (ECG) Assessment
• Structure of the Heart
• Oxygen Use by the Heart
• Electrophysiology of the Heart
• Interpreting the ECG
• Medications That Affect Heart Rate Response
• Part IV. Exercise Prescription
• 13. Exercise Prescription for Aerobic Fitness
• Prescribing Exercise
• Short- and Long-Term Responses to Exercise
• Public Health Recommendations for Physical Activity
• General Guidelines for Cardiorespiratory Fitness Programs
• Formulating the Exercise Prescription
• Program Design
• Exercise Programming to Reach Goals
• Exercise Prescriptions Using Complete Graded Exercise Test Results
• Environmental Concerns
• 14. Exercise Prescription for Muscular Fitness
• Principles of Training
• Program Design Considerations
• Types of Resistance Training
• Modes of Resistance Training
• Safety Issues
• Resistance Training Guidelines
• Resistance Training Methods
• Resistance Training for Special Populations
• Appendix 14.1: Selected Resistance Training Exercises for the Major Muscle Groups
• 15. Exercise Prescription for Flexibility and Neuromotor Fitness
• Anatomy of the Spine
• Mechanics of the Spine and the Hip Joint
• Exercise Considerations: Preventive and Therapeutic
• Core Muscle Exercises
• Exercises to Enhance Flexibility
• Exercises to Enhance Neuromotor Fitness
• Pilates, Yoga, Tai Chi, and Aquatic Approaches
• 16. Putting Together a Comprehensive Program
• Developing Progressive and Comprehensive Training Programs
• Developing the Optimal Training Stimulus
• Balancing Activity Level With Nutritional Requirements
• Part V. Special Populations and Conditions
• 17. Youth
• Physical Activity in Youth
• Responses to Exercise
• Potential Benefits of Youth Physical Activity
• Program Design Considerations
• 18. Older Adults
• Demographic Profile
• Effects of Aging on Fitness
• Special Considerations Regarding Exercise Testing
• Exercise Prescription
• Psychological Health and Well-Being
• 19. Pregnancy
• Anatomic and Physiologic Changes During Pregnancy
• Fetal Responses to Maternal Exercise
• Signs or Symptoms to Stop Exercise
• Exercise Testing During Pregnancy
• Exercise Prescription During Pregnancy
• Postpartum Physical Activity
• 20. Weight Management
• Defining Obesity
• Increasing Prevalence of Obesity in the United States
• Potential Causes of Obesity
• Achieving and Maintaining Weight Loss
• Strategies for Gaining Weight
• Eating Disorders and Disordered Eating
• 21. Chronic Diseases
• Heart Disease and Stroke
• Cancer
• Diabetes
• Pulmonary Disease
• Osteoporosis
• Part VI. Exercise Programming Considerations
• 22. Behavior Modification
• Theories of Behavior Change
• Promoting Exercise in Sedentary and Low-Active Individuals
• Enhancing Sustained Motivation and Behavioral Adherence
• Health and Fitness Counseling
• 23. Injury Prevention and Management
• Emergency Action Plan
• Injury Management
• Environmental Concerns
• Medical Conditions
• Basic Life Support and Emergency Procedures
• 24. Legal Considerations
• Injury Data and Injuries Leading to Litigation
• Causes of Injuries and Negligence
• U.S. Law and the Legal System
• Federal Laws Applicable to the Fitness Profession
• Determining Duty in Negligence Cases
• Risk Management
• Strategies to Minimize Legal Liability
• Record Keeping and Documentation of Evidence
• Glossary
• References
• Index
• About the Editor
• About the Contributors
• About the Case Study Contributors