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• Cover
• Title Page
• Copyright Page
• Dedication
• Table of Contents
• Preface
• Acknowledgments
• About the Authors
• Chapter 1 An Introduction to Forensic Psychology
• What Is Forensic Psychology?
• ■ In the Media The Reality of Reality TV
• The Roles of a Forensic Psychologist
• ■ Box 1.1 Researcher Profile: Dr. Curt Bartol
• The Forensic Psychologist as Clinician
• The Forensic Psychologist as Researcher
• ■ Box 1.2 Other Forensic Disciplines
• The Forensic Psychologist as Legal Scholar
• The Relationship Between Psychology and Law
• Psychology and the Law
• Psychology in the Law
• Psychology of the Law
• The History of Forensic Psychology
• Early Research: Eyewitness Testimony and Suggestibility
• Early Court Cases in Europe
• Advocates of Forensic Psychology in North America
• Forensic Psychology in Other Areas of the Criminal Justice System
• ■ Box 1.3 Biological, Sociological, and Psychological Theories of Crime
• Landmark Court Cases in the United States
• Signs of a Legitimate Field of Psychology
• Modern-Day Debates: Psychological Experts in Court
• ■ Box 1.4 Influential U.S. Court Cases in the History of Forensic Psychology
• The Functions of the Expert Witness
• The Challenges of Providing Expert Testimony
• Criteria for Accepting Expert Testimony
• ▶ CASE STUDY: You Be the Judge
• ■ Box 1.5 Daubert in Action: New Jersey vs. Fortin (1999–2000)
• Chapter 2 Police Psychology
• Police Selection
• ■ In the Media Using Social Media to Recruit Police Officers
• A Brief History of Police Selection
• The Police Selection Process
• ■ Box 2.1 Validation and Police Selection
• The Validity of Police Selection Instruments
• Police Discretion
• Why Is Police Discretion Necessary?
• Areas Where Police Discretion Is Used
• ■ Box 2.2 Inappropriate Police Discretion: The Case of Racial Profiling
• ■ Box 2.3 Researcher Profile: Dr. Linda Teplin
• ▶ CASE STUDY: You Be the Police Officer
• ■ Box 2.4 Police Brutality in the Rodney King Incident
• Controlling Police Discretion
• ■ Box 2.5 Use-of-Force Continuums
• Police Stress
• Sources of Police Stress
• Consequences of Police Stress
• ■ Box 2.6 The Buffalo Cardio-Metabolic Occupational Police Stress (BCOPS) Study
• Preventing and Managing Police Stress
• Chapter 3 The Psychology of Police Investigations
• Police Interrogations
• The Reid Model of Interrogation
• The Use of the Reid Model in Actual Interrogations
• Potential Problems with the Reid Model of Interrogation
• ■ Box 3.1 Researcher Profile: Dr. Saul Kassin
• Interrogation Practices and the Courts
• An Alternative to the Reid Model
• False Confessions
• The Frequency of False Confessions
• Different Types of False Confessions
• Studying False Confessions in the Lab
• ■ Box 3.2 The Curious Case of Paul Ingram
• The Consequences of Falsely Confessing
• ▶ CASE STUDY: You Be the Police Officer
• Criminal Profiling
• What Is a Criminal Profile?
• The Origins of Criminal Profiling
• ■ In the Media Hollywood Depictions of Criminal Profiling
• How Is a Criminal Profile Constructed?
• Different Types of Profiling Methods
• The Validity of Criminal Profiling
• Geographic Profiling
• Chapter 4 Deception
• The Polygraph Technique
• Applications of the Polygraph Test
• Types of Polygraph Tests
• Validity of Polygraph Techniques
• Can the Guilty Learn to Beat the Polygraph?
• ■ Box 4.1 Seeing Through the Face of Deception
• Scientific Opinion: What Do the Experts Say?
• Admissibility of Polygraph Evidence
• Brain-Based Deception Research
• Verbal and Nonverbal Behavior Cues to Lying
• ■ Box 4.2 Brain Fingerprinting: Evidence for a New Deception-Detection Technology?
• Verbal Cues to Lying
• Are Some People Better at Detecting Deception?
• ■ Box 4.3 Quest for Love: Truth and Deception in Online Dating
• ■ In the Media and Lie Detection
• ■ Box 4.4 Detecting High-Stakes Lies
• Assessment of Malingering and Deception
• Disorders of Deception
• Explanatory Models of Malingering
• How to Study Malingering
• ■ Box 4.5 Researcher Profile: Dr. Richard Rogers
• ■ Box 4.6 Ethics of Deception Research
• Malingered Psychosis
• ■ Box 4.7 Being Sane in Insane Places
• ▶ CASE STUDY: You Be the Forensic Psychologist
• Assessment Methods to Detect Malingered Psychosis
• Chapter 5 Eyewitness Testimony
• Eyewitness Testimony: The Role of Memory
• How Do we Study Eyewitness Issues?
• The Laboratory Simulation
• Recall Memory
• Interviewing Eyewitnesses
• The Leading Question—The Misinformation Effect
• ■ Box 5.1 Researcher Profile: Dr. Elizabeth Loftus
• Procedures That Help Police Interview Eyewitnesses
• Hypnosis
• The Cognitive Interview
• ■ Box 5.2 How the Cognitive Interview Components Are Implemented with Witnesses
• Recall of the Culprit
• Quantity and Accuracy of Descriptions
• Recognition Memory
• Lineup Identification
• Voice Identification
• Are Several Identifications Better Than One?
• Are Confident Witnesses Accurate?
• Estimator Variable Research in Recognition Memory
• Expert Testimony on Eyewitness Issues
• Public Policy Issues and Guidelines
• ▶ CASE STUDY: You Be the Judge
• ■ Box 5.3 A Case of Wrongful Conviction
• ■ In the Media Eyewitness Identification Bill
• ■ Box 5.4 DNA Exoneration Fact Sheet
• Chapter 6 Child Victims and Witnesses
• History
• ■ Box 6.1 Preschools on Trial
• Recall for Events
• Free Recall versus Directed Questioning
• ▶ CASE STUDY: You Be the Forensic Psychologist
• ■ Box 6.2 Researcher Profile: Dr. Stephen Ceci
• Why Are Children More Suggestible Than Adults?
• Other Techniques for Interviewing Children
• Recall Memory Following a Long Delay
• Can Traumatic Memories Be Forgotten?
• ■ Box 6.3 Delayed Memory Goes to Court
• ■ Box 6.4 Delayed Prosecutions of Historic Child Sexual Abuse
• Recall for People
• Describing the Culprit
• Recognition
• Lineup Procedure and Identification Rates
• Testifying in Court
• Courtroom Accommodations
• Child Maltreatment
• ■ Box 6.5 A Case of Neglect or Forgetfulness?
• Risk Factors Associated with Child Maltreatment
• Short-Term and Long-Term Effects of Physical Abuse
• Short-Term and Long-Term Effects of Sexual Abuse
• ■ Box 6.6 Luring Children over the Internet
• ■ In the Media To Catch a Predator
• Chapter 7 Juries: Fact Finders
• Getting to Trial
• Grand Jury
• Petit Jury
• Jury Selection
• Predicting Who Will Be a Favorable Juror—Pro-Prosecution versus Pro-Defense
• Scientific Jury Selection
• Methodology Used for Scientific Jury Selection
• Characteristics and Responsibilities of Juries
• Representativeness
• ■ Box 7.1 Balancing a Jury by Race
• Impartiality
• ■ Box 7.2 Change of Venue Granted
• ■ Box 7.3 Probing Jurors’ Religious Biases
• Jury Functions
• How Do we Study Jury Behavior?
• Post-Trial Interviews
• Archives
• Simulation
• Field Studies
• Reaching a Verdict
• Listening to the Evidence
• Disregarding Inadmissible Evidence
• ■ In the Media The CSI Effect
• Judge’s Instructions
• Jury Decision-Making Models
• Deliberations
• The Final Verdict
• Predicting Verdicts
• Demographic Variables
• Personality Traits
• Attitudes
• Defendant Characteristics
• Victim Characteristics
• ■ Box 7.4 Researcher Profile: Dr. Bette Bottoms
• Expert Testimony
• ▶ CASE STUDY: You Be the Juror
• Chapter 8 The Role of Mental Illness in Court
• Diagnosing Mental Disorders
• Presumptions in the Criminal Justice System
• Competency to Stand Trial
• Raising the Issue of Competency
• How Many Defendants Are Referred for Competency Evaluations?
• Who Can Assess Competency?
• Competency Instruments
• Distinguishing between Competent and Incompetent Defendants
• ■ Box 8.1 Competency Instruments
• ▶ CASE STUDY: You Be the Judge
• How Is Competency Restored?
• ■ Box 8.2 Mentally Ill But Competent to Make Treatment Decisions?
• What Happens after a Finding of Incompetency?
• Mental State at Time of Offense
• Mental Illness and Verdict
• ■ Box 8.3 Multimillionaire John du Pont: A Mentally Ill Killer
• Using the Insanity Defense
• ■ Box 8.4 Researcher Profile: Dr. Henry (Hank) Steadman
• Assessing Insanity
• What Happens to a Defendant Found “Insane”?
• Defendants with Mental Disorders
• Why Are There Such High Rates of Mental Illness in Offender Populations?
• Dealing with Offenders Who Are Mentally Ill
• Bias against Offenders Who Are Mentally Ill
• Are People with Mental Illnesses Violent?
• Treatment of Offenders with Mental Disorders
• ■ In the Media Are Offenders with Mental Illness Really Violent?
• A New Court for People with Mental Illness: The Mental Health Courts
• Are Mental Health Courts Effective?
• Chapter 9 Sentencing in the United States: Practices and Public Opinions
• The Structure of the U.S. Court System
• Sentencing in the United States
• The Purposes of Sentencing
• The Principles of Sentencing
• Sentencing Options in the United States
• ■ Box 9.1 Creative Sentencing in the United States
• Factors That Affect Sentencing Decisions
• ■ Box 9.2 Do Male Offenders Get the Short End of the Stick When It Comes to Sentencing?
• ▶ CASE STUDY: You Be the Judge
• Sentencing Disparity
• ■ In the Media Twitter Goes to Court: The Role of Social Media in the Casey Anthony Case
• Are the Goals of Sentencing Achieved?
• ■ Box 9.3 Researcher Profile: Dr. Francis Cullen
• What Works in Offender Treatment?
• ■ Box 9.4 The Ineffectiveness of Scaring Kids Straight
• Public Attitudes Toward Sentencing
• The Media’s Influence on Public Opinion
• Chapter 10 Risk Assessment
• What Is Risk Assessment?
• Risk Assessments: When Are They Conducted?
• Civil Setting
• Criminal Settings
• Types of Prediction Outcomes
• The Base Rate Problem
• A History of Risk Assessment
• ■ Box 10.1 Researcher Profile: Dr. John Monahan
• Methodological Issues
• Judgment Error and Biases
• Approaches to the Assessment of Risk
• ■ Box 10.2 Dr. Death: A Legendary (Notorious) Forensic Psychiatrist
• Types of Risk Factors
• Important Risk Factors
• Dispositional Factors
• Historical Factors
• Clinical Factors
• Contextual Factors
• ■ In the Media Megan’s Law: Attempting to Prevent Crime
• Risk Assessment Instruments
• ■ Box 10.3 Risk Assessment Instruments
• Current Issues
• Where Is the Theory?
• What about Female Offenders?
• ■ Box 10.4 Coping-Relapse Model of Criminal Recidivism
• ▶ CASE STUDY: You Be the Parole Board Member
• What about Protective Factors?
• Risk Assessment: Risky Business?
• Are Decision Makers Using the Scientific Research?
• Why Do Some Individuals Stop Committing Crimes?
• ■ Box 10.5 Why Do High-Risk Violent Offenders Stop Offending?
• Chapter 11 Psychopathy
• Assessment of Psychopathy
• ■ Box 11.1 Subclinical Psychopaths: University Samples
• Psychopathy and Antisocial Personality Disorder
• What Makes Them Tick?: Cognitive and Affective Models of Psychopathy
• ■ Box 11.2 Researcher Profile: Dr. Joseph Newman
• Psychopathy and Violence
• ■ Box 11.3 A Psychopath among Us: Serial Killer Ted Bundy
• Psychopaths in the Community
• ■ In the Media Mean on the Screen: Media’s Portrayal of Psychopaths
• Psychopathy and Sexual Violence
• Psychopathy in Youth
• ■ Box 11.4 Psychopathy Label: The Potential for Stigma
• Psychopathy: Nature vs. Nurture?
• Does Family Matter?
• Psychopathy and Treatment
• Forensic Use of Psychopathy
• Psychopathy and Law Enforcement
• ▶ CASE STUDY: You Be the Researcher
• Chapter 12 Assessment and Treatment of Juvenile Delinquency
• Young Offenders
• Historical Overview
• Modern Day
• ■ Box 12.1 The Death Penalty for Juveniles?
• ■ Box 12.2 The Dartmouth Murders
• ▶ CASE STUDY: You Be the Police Officer
• Youth Crime Rates
• Assessment of Young Offenders
• Assessing Those under Age 12
• Assessing the Adolescent
• ■ Box 12.3 Researcher Profile: Dr. Rolf Loeber
• Rates of Behavior Disorders in Youth
• Trajectories of Young Offenders
• ■ Box 12.4 Teen Killers
• Theories to Explain Antisocial Behavior
• Biological Theories
• Cognitive Theories
• Social Theories
• Risk Factors
• Individual Risk Factors
• ■ In the Media Do Video Games Desensitize Teens?
• Familial Risk Factors
• School and Social Risk Factors
• Protective Factors
• ■ Box 12.5 Running Around with the Wrong Crowd: Gangs
• Individual Protective Factors
• Familial Factors
• Social/External Protective Factors
• Prevention, Intervention, and Treatment of Young Offending
• Primary Intervention Strategies
• Secondary Intervention Strategies
• Tertiary Intervention Strategies
• Chapter 13 Intimate Partner Violence
• Types of Violence and Measurement
• ■ Box 13.1 Researcher Profile: Dr. Murray Straus
• Intimate Partners: A Risky Relationship
• ■ Box 13.2 Husband Battering Does Exist
• Theories of Intimate Partner Violence
• Why Do Battered Women Stay?
• ■ Box 13.3 Myths and Realities Concerning Intimate Partner Violence
• A Heterogeneous Population: Typologies of Male Batterers
• ■ Box 13.4 Woman’s Best Friend: Pet Abuse and Intimate Violence
• Criminal Justice Response
• ■ Box 13.5 Tracey Thurman: Calls for Help Ignored
• Effectiveness of Treatment of Male Batterers
• ▶ CASE STUDY: You Be the Judge
• Stalking: Definition, Prevalence, and Typologies
• ■ In the Media Dangerous Fixations: Celebrity Stalkers
• Chapter 14 Sexual and Homicidal Offenders
• Sexual Offenders
• Nature and Extent of Sexual Violence
• Definition of Sexual Violence
• Consequences for Victims of Sexual Violence
• Classification of Sexual Offenders
• ■ Box 14.1 Sexual Assault: Discounting Rape Myths
• ■ Box 14.2 Is Resisting a Sexual Attack a Good Idea?
• ■ Box 14.3 Researcher Profile: Dr. Raymond Knight
• Adolescent Sexual Offenders
• Female Sexual Offenders
• Theories of Sexual Aggression
• Assessment and Treatment of Sexual Offenders
• ▶ CASE STUDY: You Be the Forensic Psychologist
• Effectiveness of Treatment for Sexual Offenders
• ■ Box 14.4 Relapse Prevention with Sexual Offenders
• Homicidal Offenders
• Nature and Extent of Homicidal Violence
• Bimodal Classification of Homicide
• Filicide: When Parents Kill
• Mothers Who Kill
• Fathers Who Kill
• ■ Box 14.5 From Devotion to Depression: A Mother Who Killed
• Youth Who Kill
• Spousal Killers
• Serial Murderers: The Ultimate Predator
• Mass Murderers
• Theories of Homicidal Aggression
• ■ In the Media The Mass Media and Antisocial Behavior
• Treatment of Homicidal Offenders
• Glossary
• References
• Credits
• Case Index
• Name Index
• Subject Index