Efnisyfirlit

• Cover Page
• Half Title Page
• Title Page
• Copyright Page
• Dedication
• Table of Contents
• Introduction
• About this book
• Using this book
• 1 Landscape fabric
• Contexts for the design of landscapes
• Global landscape
• Landscape processes and systems
• Landscapes and people
• Regional landscapes
• Towns and cities
• City districts
• Urban greenspace and communications
• Models of design and qualities of place
• Responsiveness
• Originality
• Recycling versus tabula rasa
• Robustness and inclusiveness
• Mystery, legibility, complexity and coherence
• Unity with diversity
• Prospect and refuge theory
• Wholeness and integration
• The integrated design of places
• Integrated design – an example
• Integration of spaces and paths
• Integration of spaces, paths, edges, thresholds and foci
• Integration of topography, vegetation, structures and water
• 2 Spaces
• Definitions
• Ground, ‘wall’ and ‘sky’ planes
• Design planes and landscape elements
• People’s use and experience of spaces
• Form of spaces
• Interpretation of existing site forms
• Geometry
• Metaphor
• Symbolism
• Abstraction and use of natural forms
• Archetypes
• Vernacular
• Historic paradigms
• Space enclosure
• Degrees and permeability of enclosure
• Enclosure and character of spaces
• Enclosure and microclimate
• Spaces and edges
• Scale of spaces
• Human scale
• Scale and context
• Vastness to intimacy
• Proportion of spaces
• Satisfying proportions
• Over-vertical and under-vertical enclosure
• Space relationships
• Sequence of spaces
• Topographic space relationships
• Contrast and similarity of spaces
• Space relationships – an example
• Topographic spaces
• Topographic design
• Flatness and degrees of intervention
• Cut and fill
• Bowls and hollows
• Mounds and mounts
• Plateaus
• Terraces
• Subterranean spaces
• Vegetation spaces
• Ecological and environmental roles of vegetation
• Glades
• Forest space and the formalised forest
• Parkland
• Hedged and herb enclosures
• Vegetated carpets
• Leaf ceilings
• Built spaces
• Public squares
• Courtyards
• Walls and walled gardens
• Permeable enclosing structures
• Canopies
• Floors
• Water spaces
• Lakes and waterscapes
• Pools and ponds
• Water walls and moving water
• Moats – water as enclosing element
• 3 Paths
• Definitions
• People’s use and experience of paths
• Movement – kinetic experience of landscape
• Different users, uses and modes of transport
• Official and unofficial paths
• Sequence and incident
• Arriving and leaving
• Ecological corridors
• Path systems and hierarchies
• Networks, nodes and foci
• Paths, spaces and edges
• Paths as spaces
• Form
• Form generators
• Axis and meander
• Degrees of enclosure
• Topographic paths
• Degrees of intervention
• Ledge paths
• Cuttings
• Ridge paths
• Spiral and zig-zag paths
• Stepped paths, staircases and ramps
• Vegetation paths
• Avenues
• Forest paths
• Green tunnels
• Hedged walks
• Grass, vegetated floors and meadow paths
• Built paths
• Streets
• ‘Backs’
• Path floors
• Raised walks
• Covered walks
• Water paths
• The design of paths adjacent to water
• Rivers and canals in urban environments
• Designed linear waterbodies
• 4 Edges
• Definitions
• People’s use and experience of edges
• Edges as social places
• Architecture—landscape interface
• Public, private and semi-private interfaces
• Ecotones
• Edge meanings
• Horizons
• Edges and spaces, paths, thresholds and foci
• Forms
• Rugged and smooth edges and their juxtaposition
• Interlock
• Barriers – intentional and unintentional
• Gradients
• Rhythm, sequence, repetition
• Edge sub-spaces – niches
• Topographic edges
• Spurred edges
• Stacked edges
• Banks
• Ridges
• Ditches
• Steps as edges
• Cliffs and chasms
• Vegetation edges
• ‘Soft’ and ‘colonising’ edges
• Forest edge
• Avenue as place to be
• Hedges and shrubby edges
• Meadowed edges
• Built edges
• Building—landscape interface
• Colonnades and columns
• Walls – buttressed and indented
• Permeable structures
• Water’s edge
• Beaches
• Platforms, boardwalks and piers
• Promenades
• Wetlands and marginal water places
• 5 Foci
• Definitions
• People’s use and experience of foci
• Foci, destination places and paths
• Places to gather
• Foci and spaces
• Focal spaces
• Foci and edges
• Public sculpture
• Buildings as foci
• Landmarks for orientation
• Scale of foci
• Hidden foci
• Contrast
• Verticality of form
• Centrality and isolation of form
• Singularity of form
• Topographic foci
• Mounts, tors and mountains
• Bowls and craters
• Points and spurs
• Vegetation foci
• Single trees
• Group of trees
• Topiary forms
• Built foci
• Buildings
• Follies, theatrical structures and remnants
• Rocks and standing stones
• Sculpture
• Water foci
• Fountains
• Waterfalls
• Springs, fonts and wells
• 6 Thresholds
• Definitions
• People’s use and experience of thresholds
• Entry spaces – outdoor anterooms
• Gateways
• Building entrance places
• Places of arrival, setting out and rest
• ‘In between’
• ‘Unofficial’ places
• A small space linking larger spaces across an edge
• Windows and frames
• Places between earth and sky
• Topographic thresholds
• Topographic gateways
• Landings and staircases
• Hollows
• Vegetation thresholds
• Green threshold ‘rooms’
• Green gateways
• Windows and frames
• Tree canopies
• Built thresholds
• Built gateways
• Built outdoor ‘rooms’
• Pavement
• Terraces
• Water thresholds
• Inlets and harbours
• Decks and platforms
• Water in rest and entrance places
• 7 Detail
• Definitions
• People’s use and experience of landscape detail
• Detailed design and the senses
• Surface texture, pattern, colour and light
• Pattern
• Texture
• Colour
• Light
• Furniture
• Seating
• Earth and rock detail
• Sight
• Touch
• Sound
• Smell
• Vegetation detail
• Change and time
• Sight
• Touch
• Sound
• Smell
• Taste
• Built detail
• Sight
• Touch
• Sound
• Smell
• Water detail
• Sight
• Sound
• Touch
• Taste and smell
• Bibliography
• Further reading
• Sources for illustrations