Efnisyfirlit

• Cover
• Half Title
• Title Page
• Copyright
• Contents
• Preface to the second edition
• Foreword to the first English edition
• Foreword to the French edition
• Acknowledgments
• Introduction
• 1. The properties of elements
• 1.1 The periodic table
• 1.2 Chemical bonding
• 1.3 States of matter and the atomic environment of elements
• 1.4 Geochemical classifications
• 1.5 The different reservoirs and their compositions
• 1.6 The nucleus and radioactivity
• Exercises
• 2. Mass conservation and elemental fractionation
• 2.1 Conservation of mass
• 2.2 Elemental fractionation
• 2.3 Films and interfaces
• 2.4 Distillation processes
• Exercises
• References
• 3. Fractionation of stable isotopes
• 3.1 Principles of stable isotope fractionation
• 3.2 Delta notation and stuff
• 3.3 Hydrogen
• 3.4 Oxygen
• 3.5 Carbon
• 3.6 Sulfur
• 3.7 Nitrogen
• 3.8 Other elements
• Exercises
• References
• 4. Geochronology and radiogenic tracers
• 4.1 Dating by radioactive nuclides
• 4.1.1 Carbon-14
• 4.1.2 Beryllium-10
• 4.1.3 The thorium-230 excess method
• 4.2 Systems with high parent/daughter ratios
• 4.2.1 The potassium–argon method
• 4.2.2 Dating zircons by the uranium–lead method
• 4.3 The isochron method
• 4.4 Radiogenic tracers
• 4.5 Helium isotopes
• Exercises
• References
• 5. Element transport
• 5.1 Advection
• 5.2 Diffusion
• 5.2.1 Closure temperature: chronometers, thermometers, and barometers
• 5.2.2 Other applications
• 5.3 Chromatography
• 5.4 Reaction rates
• 5.5 Adsorption
• Exercises
• References
• 6. Geochemical systems
• 6.1 Single-reservoir dynamics
• 6.2 Interaction of multiple reservoirs and geochemical cycles
• 6.3 Mixing and stirring
• Exercises
• References
• 7. The chemistry of natural waters
• 7.1 Basic concepts
• 7.2 Dominance diagrams
• 7.3 Speciation in solutions
• 7.4 Water–solid reactions
• 7.5 Electrolyte chemistry
• 7.6 Biological activity
• 7.7 The carbonate system
• 7.8 Precipitation, rivers, weathering, and erosion
• 7.9 Elements of marine chemistry
• Exercises
• References
• 8. Biogeochemistry
• 8.1 The geological record
• 8.2 Some specifics of biological activity
• 8.3 The chemistry of life
• 8.4 Biominerals
• 8.5 Biological controls on the ocean–atmosphere system
• 8.6 Diagenetic transformation of organic material
• 8.7 Biomarkers
• 8.8 Metals in organic matter
• References
• 9. Environments
• 9.1 Phanerozoic climates
• 9.1.1 Quaternary climates
• 9.1.2 Mesozoic and Cenozoic climatic trends
• 9.1.3 Biogeochemical catastrophes in the Phanerozoic
• 9.2 The rise of atmospheric oxygen
• 9.2.1 The 2.1 Ga crisis
• 9.2.2 The Snowball Earth and the emergence of Metazoans
• 9.3 The geochemical environment of the origin of life
• Exercises
• References
• 10. Mineral reactions
• 10.1 Early diagenesis
• 10.2 Hydrothermal reactions
• 10.3 Metamorphism
• 10.4 Water/rock ratios
• Exercises
• Reference
• 11. The solid Earth
• 11.1 The geochemical variability of magmas
• 11.1.1 Melting of the mantle and crust
• 11.1.2 Differentiation of magmatic series
• 11.2 Magmatism of the different tectonic sites
• 11.3 Mantle convection
• 11.4 The growth of continental crust
• References
• 12. The Earth in the Solar System
• 12.1 The formation of elements
• 12.2 The formation of the Solar System
• 12.3 Condensation of planetary material
• 12.4 The composition of the Earth and its core, and the origin of seawater
• 12.5 The early Solar System
• 12.6 The Moon
• 12.7 Mars
• 12.8 Venus
• 12.9 Planetary atmospheres
• Exercises
• References
• 13. The element barn
• 13.1 Silicon
• 13.2 Aluminum
• 13.3 Potassium
• 13.4 Sodium
• 13.5 Magnesium
• 13.6 Calcium
• 13.7 Iron
• 13.8 Sulfur
• 13.9 Phosphorus
• 13.10 Carbon
• References
• Appendix A: Composition of the major geological units
• Appendix B: The mixing equation for ratios
• Appendix C: A refresher on thermodynamics
• Appendix D: The geological time scale
• Appendix E: An overview of analytical methods
• Appendix F: Physical and geophysical constants
• Appendix G: Some equations relative to residence time
• Appendix H: The adiabatic atmosphere
• Further reading
• Index