Efnisyfirlit

• Cover Page
• Half Title page
• Series page
• Title Page
• Copyright Page
• Contents
• List of Figures
• List of Tables
• List of Contributors
• Editors’ preface
• Abbreviations
• 1 Introduction
• Setting the scene
• The Arctic and the north
• Geographical
• Functional
• Narrative
• Geopolitics, security and institutionalism
• Security
• Institutionalism
• The structure of the book
• Notes
• References
• 2 The geopolitics of the Arctic in historical perspective
• Introduction
• Exploitation and conflict before the twentieth century
• The European Arctic
• North America
• Use of military force
• The Arctic in international conflicts in the twentieth century
• The First World War
• The Second World War
• The Cold War
• Strategic bombing
• Sea-based operations
• Central Europe and the north
• Military investments and presence
• Managing disputes over territories and resources in the twentieth century
• Land territories and hunting
• Sea territories and regulations
• Oil and gas
• Conclusions
• Notes
• References
• 3 The legal-political regime in the Arctic
• Introduction
• The Arctic
• The law
• The boundaries
• Bilateral issues
• The Central Arctic Ocean
• Straits
• Svalbard
• The Arctic Council
• The effects of climate change
• Conclusions
• Notes
• References
• 4 Interstate relations The complexities of Arctic politics
• Introduction
• The changing character of Arctic politics
• Arctic policies and state interests
• Canada
• The United States
• Denmark and Greenland
• Norway
• Russia
• Iceland
• Sweden
• Finland
• The European Union
• Asia and China
• Layers of Arctic actors
• Conditions for cooperation, stability and peace
• Conclusions
• Notes
• References
• 5 Arctic petroleum resources in a regional and global perspective
• Introduction
• Natural resources and state jurisdiction
• The Arctic oil and gas resources
• The Arctic resource base
• The relative importance of the Arctic resources
• The territorial distribution of the resources
• Arctic oil and gas exploration and production
• Production costs
• Existing Arctic petroleum activity
• Russia
• Alaska
• Norway
• Domestic Arctic oil and gas policies
• Conclusions
• Notes
• References
• 6 International environmental governance and Arctic security
• Introduction
• Arctic security, hard and soft
• Regional means for Arctic governance
• Preventing conflict: the law of the sea
• Allocation of competence
• Boundary settlement and management
• Managing disputes: Arctic fisheries and shipping
• Institutional interplay and diversionary tactics
• Broader applicability
• Cooperative enmeshment: nuclear safety
• Funds and technology transfer
• Programme coordination
• Institutional engagement
• The importance of international institutions
• Conclusions
• Notes
• References
• 7 Armed forces and security challenges in the Arctic1
• Introduction
• Arctic military investments
• The United States
• Canada
• Denmark
• Norway
• Russia
• Regional and global security
• Institutions
• Conclusions
• Notes
• References
• 8 Conclusion
• The Arctic in transformation
• The state of Arctic affairs
• Geopolitics and interests
• Rhetoric and realities
• Regional dynamics: shared and competing interests
• Regional and global institutions
• The Arctic in the long run
• Regional developments
• Global developments
• Geopolitics and security in the Arctic
• References
• Index