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• Cover
• Half Title
• Praise Page
• Title Page
• Copyright Page
• Contents
• List of Figures
• List of Tables
• List of Boxes
• List of Photos
• Preface
• Acknowledgments
• Selected Acronyms
• Chapter 1 The Emergence of Global Environmental Politics
• Abstract
• Global Macrotrends
• Population Growth and Resource Consumption
• Natural Resources and Pollution
• An Introduction to Global Environmental Politics
• International Regimes in Global Environmental Politics
• Global Environmental Regimes
• Theoretical Approaches to International Regimes
• Paradigms in Global Environmental Politics
• Sustainable Development: Rise of an Alternative Paradigm
• Globalization and Sustainable Development
• Environmental Change as a Security Issue
• The Precautionary Principle
• Conclusion
• Notes
• Chapter 2 Actors in the Environmental Arena
• Abstract
• Nation-State Actors: Roles and Interests
• Domestic Political Factors
• Comparative Costs and Benefits of Environmental Regimes
• International Political and Diplomatic Considerations
• Subnational Actors
• Intergovernmental Organizations
• Setting Agendas and Influencing Regime Development
• Providing Independent and Authoritative Information
• Developing Nonbinding Norms and Codes of Conduct
• Influencing National Development Policies
• Scientific Bodies
• Treaty Secretariats
• Treaty Secretariats as Knowledge Brokers
• Treaty Secretariats and the Political Process
• International Financial Institutions
• Regional and Other Multilateral Organizations
• Nongovernmental and Civil Society Organizations
• Influencing Environmental Regime Formation
• Business and Industry
• Influence on Regime Formation
• Industry and Nonregime Issues
• Conclusion
• Notes
• Chapter 3 The Development of Environmental Regimes: Stratospheric Ozone, Climate Change, Hazardous Waste, Toxic Chemicals, and Mercury
• Abstract
• Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
• Regime Strengthening
• The Ozone Regime Today
• Explaining the Ozone Regime
• Climate Change
• Round 1: The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
• Round 2: The Kyoto Protocol
• Round 3: The Copenhagen Accords
• Round 4: The Paris Agreement
• Round 5: Beyond Paris
• Hazardous Waste
• Regime Strengthening: The Ban Amendment and the Liability Protocol
• Regime Strengthening: Action Plans, Regional Centers, and Technical Guidelines
• Regime Strengthening: E-Waste
• Regime Strengthening: Plastic Waste
• Synergies
• Moving Forward
• Toxic Chemicals
• Regime Strengthening: Adding New Chemicals
• Regime Strengthening: Financial and Technical Assistance
• Regime Strengthening: Partnerships and Networks
• Regime Strengthening: Synergies
• Regime Non-Strengthening: Noncompliance Procedures
• The Chemicals Regime Today: Successes and Challenges
• Mercury
• International Action Begins
• Mercury Emissions: Why One Treaty Essentially Needed to Be Several Treaties
• Regime Creation
• Key Provisions
• Regime Expansion and Evaluation
• Conclusion
• Notes
• Chapter 4 The Development of Environmental Regimes: Natural Resources, Species, and Habitats
• Abstract
• Biodiversity Loss
• Conservation of Biological Diversity
• Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety
• Access and Benefit Sharing
• Moving Forward
• Marine Biodiversity in Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction
• Agenda Setting
• Issue Definition in the Working Group
• Unpacking the Package
• Let the Conference Begin
• International Trade in Endangered Species
• African Elephants
• Controlling International Trade in Endangered Species
• Whaling
• Regime Strengthening
• Desertification and Land Degradation
• Implementing and Strengthening the Convention
• The Science-Policy Nexus
• Land Degradation Neutrality
• Moving Forward
• Conclusion
• Notes
• Chapter 5 Effective Environmental Regimes: Obstacles and Opportunities
• Abstract
• Obstacles to Creating Effective Environmental Regimes
• Systemic Obstacles
• Absence of Necessary Conditions: Concern, Contractual Environment, and Capacity
• Lowest-Common-Denominator Problems
• Time-Horizon Conflicts
• Characteristics of Global Environmental Issues
• Interconnections Among Environmental Issues
• Regime Design Difficulties
• Changing Views on the Principle of Common but Differentiated Responsibilities
• Obstacles to Effective National Implementation of and Compliance with Global Environmental Regimes
• Inadequate Translation of Regime Rules into Domestic Policy
• Insufficient Capacity or Commitment to Implement, Administer, Monitor, or Enforce Domestic Policy
• Misperception of Relevant Costs and Benefits
• Costs of Compliance
• Poorly Designed Regimes
• Many Regimes, Little Coordination
• Opportunities to Improve Effective Implementation and Compliance
• Raise Awareness and Concern
• Create Market Incentives
• Eliminate Counterproductive Subsidies
• Augment Coordination Among Regimes and Conventions
• Improve Monitoring and Reporting
• Generate Publicity
• Consider Sanctions
• Build Domestic Capacity
• Increasing and Improving Financial and Technical Assistance
• Focus Multilateral and Bilateral Assistance on the Sustainable Development Goals
• Develop Revenue from Regime Mechanisms
• Pollution Taxes
• Exchange Debt Obligations for Sustainable Development Policy Reforms and Investments
• Remove Trade Barriers and Subsidies to Promote Green Global Trade and Investment
• South–South Financing and Investment
• Triangular Cooperation
• Public–Private Partnerships
• Conclusion
• Notes
• Chapter 6 Environmental Politics and Sustainable Development
• Abstract
• North–South Relations, the Environment, and Sustainable Development
• Emergence of Sustainable Development
• The Rio Principles
• Changing Economic Realities
• The Relationship Between Multilateral Environmental Agreements and the World Trade Organization
• Environmental Issues and the World Trade Organization Dispute Settlement System
• Ecolabeling, Standards, and Certification
• Subsidies and the Environment
• Liberalizing Trade in Environmental Goods and Services
• The Outlook for Trade and Environment
• Balancing the Environmental and Sustainable Development Agendas
• The Millennium Development Goals
• The Sustainable Development Goals
• Conclusion
• Notes
• Chapter 7 The Future of Global Environmental Politics
• Abstract
• Global Environmental Governance in a Changing International System
• The Continuing Evolution of Global Environmental Governance
• Evolution of Multilateral Environmental Agreements
• Evolution of the United Nations Environment Programme
• High-level Political Forum on Sustainable Development
• Does Evolution Mean Change?
• Conclusion: The Prospects for Global Environmental Politics
• Notes
• Index