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• Cover Page
• Half Title Page
• Title Page
• Copyright Page
• Contents
• List of Tables
• List of Contributors
• Acknowledgements
• Abbreviations
• 1 Introduction
• Introduction
• Indigeneity
• Indigenous peoples’ rights
• International law and mechanisms for indigenous rights
• The right to self-determination
• Free, prior and informed consent
• Land rights
• Mobilizing for indigenous rights
• Conclusion
• References
• Part I Indigeneity
• 2 Philosophical justifications for Indigenous rights
• Introduction
• Liberalism and the rights of minority cultures
• Indigenous rights and intercultural constitutionalism
• References
• 3 Beyond Black and White Essentialism, hybridity and Indigeneity
• Introduction
• Exclusivity and cultural alterity
• Marginality
• Physicality
• Morality
• Summary
• Towards Indigeneity as an open signifier
• Notes
• References
• 4 Indigenous membership and human rights When self-identification meets self-constitution
• Introduction
• Backdrop
• What does international law say about indigenous membership?
• HRC decisions on indigenous membership—do these shed light on an appropriate methodology?
• The HRC at home in Canada: membership claims and First Nations4
• The consequences of the HRC ruling: Bill C-31
• Conclusion
• Notes
• References
• Part II Right and governance
• 5 The United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples
• Introduction
• Background
• Legal issues
• Definition of indigenous peoples
• Collective rights
• Cultural identity
• Human rights and cultural identity
• Right on lands and self-determination
• Self-determination, states and indigenous peoples
• Consultation
• Conclusion
• Notes
• References
• 6 Development projects and indigenous peoples’ land Defining the scope of free, prior and informed consent
• Introduction
• The meaning of free, prior and informed consent
• FPIC and Article 32(2) of the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples
• The Inter-American Court of Human Rights
• Human rights treaty bodies
• The African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights
• UN bodies dealing specifically with indigenous peoples’ rights
• The International Labour Organization
• Conclusions
• Notes
• References
• 7 Exploring indigenous self-government and forms of autonomy
• Introduction
• Autonomy: an introduction
• Does the right to autonomy for indigenous peoples exist?
• From international constraint to domestic practices
• Conclusion
• Notes
• References
• 8 Reparations for indigenous peoples in Canada, New Zealand and Australia
• Introduction
• Judicial recognition of existing property rights
• Reparations for the effects of colonization
• International law and political commitment to reparations
• Conclusion
• References
• 9 The long reach of frontier justice Canadian land claims as a human rights violation
• Introduction
• Precedents of the Canadian land claims process: the Royal Proclamation and treaties
• The unceded lands
• The Cree and Quebec
• The Innu and Labrador-Quebec: ‘Tshash Petapen’ or ‘New Dawn’ Agreement
• (Un)Informed consent
• International human rights implications of Canadian land claims
• Conclusion
• Notes
• References
• Part III Indigenous women’s rights
• 10 Indigenous women’s rights and international law Challenges of the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples
• Introduction
• The UNDRIP and the Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues
• The rights of women and the international human rights framework
• Public/private hierarchy
• Non-discrimination vs. rights specific to indigenous women
• Zapatista Women’s Revolutionary Law and the UNDRIP
• Conclusion
• Notes
• References
• 11 Human rights and Indigenous feminisms
• Introduction
• Intersectionality and Indigenous feminism: foregrounding race and gender discrimination in two paradigm approaches to human rights
• Shared typologies of struggle: ‘marrying out’ and tribal disenrolment
• ‘Marrying out’ in Canada
• Gender discrimination through tribal disenrolment in the USA
• Violence against Indigenous women: Amnesty International’s No More Stolen Sisters (2009) [AI—Canada] and Maze of Injustice (2007) [AI—USA] reports
• The gendered injustice of Indian land claims: Mary and Carrie Dann vs. United States (2002)
• Conclusion: transitional justice for Indigenous women
• What human rights and nation-state actors should do
• Notes
• References
• Part IV Development and the environment
• 12 Living well with the Earth Indigenous rights and the environment
• Introduction
• Sustainable development, Indigenous rights and the global environmental crisis
• Responding to exclusion: Indigenous declarations on Indigenous rights and the environment
• Indigenous vs. Western views of sustainable development
• The rights of Mother Earth
• Conclusion
• References
• 13 Mother Earth, Indigenous peoples and neo-liberal climate change governance
• Introduction
• Part 1: The anthropocene and Indigenous peoples
• The anthropocene, modernity and ecocide
• Indigenous peoples and the Earth
• Indigenous cosmovisions, the rights of Mother Earth and eco-socialism
• Part 2: neo-liberalism and climate governance
• Perpetuating ecocidal growth: the state–finance nexus
• Globalizing neo-liberal ‘good’ governance
• Knowing the price of everything and the value of nothing: payment for ecosystem services
• Growing the ‘green economy’
• Carbon offsetting and trading greenhouse gas emissions
• UN-REDD offset scheme
• Part 3: Rights: swords of empire or seeds of empowerment
• REDDs or reduced emissions?
• What is to be done?
• Conclusion: Cochabamba Si, REDD and ETS No!
• Notes
• References
• 14 Indigenous peoples and the corporate responsibility to respect human rights1
• Introduction
• Overview of issues
• Land issues
• Consultation and free, prior and informed consent
• Freedom of movement
• Security issues
• Environmental issues
• Labour issues
• Destabilization of communities
• Weaknesses in existing means to ensure corporate respect for human rights
• Legal redress of violations
• Voluntary initiatives
• Due diligence
• Grievance mechanisms
• Community engagement
• Reporting
• Conclusion
• Notes
• References
• 15 The fetish mechanism A post-dogmatic case study of the Atacama Desert peoples and the extractive industries
• Introduction
• The Atacama Desert: a socio-natural laboratory
• A race for water? Indigenous peoples, transnational mining, energy and water
• Law and territory unbound: ethno-technical deterritorializations
• Pampa Colorada
• The fetish form of modern law and biopolitics
• The religious foundations of modern law
• Conclusion: consenting to extraction
• Notes
• References
• 16 Evolution of indigenous peoples’ rights and indigenous knowledge debate
• Introduction
• A snapshot: some controversies
• Key debates
• Economic, social and cultural rights perspective
• Indigenous peoples’ rights perspective
• Conclusion
• Notes
• References
• Part V Mobilization for indigenous peoples’ rights
• 17 Indigenous mobilization and activism in the UN system
• UN Indigenous rights movement as transformational politics
• Indigenous peoples as international actors at the United Nations
• Origins in treaty relationships
• Advancing the agenda to the United Nations
• The international Indigenous rights movement: dynamics and strategies
• Conclusion
• Notes
• References
• 18 Indigenous mobilization and activism The San, the Botswana state and the international community
• Introduction
• The case of Botswana
• First People of the Kalahari
• Challenges and leadership
• Conclusion
• Note
• References
• Part VI Justice and reparations
• 19 Beyond lawful obligation The Indian Specific Claims Commission as a mechanism of transitional justice in Canada
• Introduction
• Background to the ISCC
• The ISCC’s approach
• Case study: the ISCC and the Red Earth and Shoal Lake Cree Nation Inquiry
• Conclusion: an end to interim measures? The closure of the ISCC and the implementation of the Specific Claims Tribunal
• Notes
• References
• 20 Reconciliation, reparations and rights Indigenous Australians and the stolen generations
• Introduction
• National Inquiry into the stolen generations
• Federal government responses to the National Inquiry
• Conclusion
• References
• Part VII International monitoring and mechanisms for indigenous peoples’ rights
• 21 From outsiders to centre stage Three decades of indigenous peoples’ presence at the United Nations
• Introduction
• A little pre-history
• Working group: first contact
• 1992 and 1993
• The Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples
• Recent developments
• Special Rapporteur
• Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues
• Expert Mechanism on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples
• Conclusion
• Notes
• References
• 22 The United Nations Special Rapporteur on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples
• Introduction
• Mandate of the Special Rapporteur
• Gathering information and documentation
• Reporting to the UN: thematic reports
• Impact of development projects
• Access to justice
• The right to education
• The implementation gap
• Reporting to the UN: country reports
• Conclusion
• Notes
• References
• 23 Indigenous and tribal peoples’ culture and work under the ILO
• Dedicated ILO standards on indigenous and tribal peoples
• Respecting human rights at work: beyond the indigenous standards
• Discrimination in employment and occupation
• Child labour
• Forced labour
• Freedom of association
• Labour inspection
• Conclusion
• Notes
• References
• 24 From theory to practice Holistic strategies for effective advocacy
• Introduction
• Key developments under international law
• Formal recognition of indigenous legal personality
• Collective right to land
• Availability and effectiveness of the right in practice
• Traditional possession
• Ownership vs. access
• Right to development
• From theory to practice
• Litigation as a means to achieve strategic leverage
• The importance of a multi-layered strategy
• Empowerment through active learning and involvement
• Building relationships with key stakeholders
• Inter-community dialogue
• Civil society
• Power brokers
• Engaging with key local and international processes
• Conclusion
• Notes
• References
• List of cases
• Statutory Instruments
• Part VIII Regional case studies
• 25 International human rights standards and indigenous peoples’ land and human rights in Asia General overview and strategies for implementation
• Introduction
• Overview of state structures and legal systems in Asia
• The status of indigenous peoples in Asia
• Legal pluralism, customary law and indigenous peoples’ land and forest rights
• Countries with strong protective measures
• India: the states of Nagaland and Mizoram in Northeast India and the autonomous district and regional councils in Northeast India
• India: other constitutional provisions on ‘scheduled tribes’
• Sabah and Sarawak states, Malaysia
• The Philippines
• Nepal
• Countries with weak or inadequate constitutional and other safeguards on indigenous peoples’ rights
• Countries with moderate levels of protective measures
• Overview of land and human rights in Asia
• Militarization and the violation of basic civil and political rights and freedom
• Dislocation
• Land alienation and other violations of land rights: forest areas
• Violence against women and children
• Major challenges
• Exclusion from governance in majoritarian systems: promoting traditional institutions and advisory institutions
• Self-determination of peoples versus the national unity and territorial integrity of states
• Preventing extinguishment and freezing of customary land rights: qualified recognition versus undefined acknowledgment and challenges to the principle of eminent domain
• Strategies for promoting and protecting indigenous peoples’ rights: the role of indigenous organizations and civil society organizations and networks
• Conclusion
• Notes
• References
• 26 The struggle for protection of indigenous peoples’ rights in Africa1
• Introduction
• The emergence of an indigenous peoples’ rights movement in Africa
• The contribution by the African Commission to protection and promotion of indigenous peoples rights in Africa2
• Jurisprudential developments
• State reports
• Co-operation with civil society
• Advancing indigenous peoples’ rights at the national level
• Land, natural resources and property rights
• Gender equality
• Identity, culture and language rights
• Education
• Intellectual property rights
• Indigenous peoples and commercial exploitation
• Impact of tourism on indigenous peoples
• Conclusion
• Notes
• References
• 27 Indigenous peoples’ rights and the law in Latin America
• Constitutional transformations and the impact of international law
• The Judicialization of Indigenous Claims
• Consultation for Free, Prior and Informed Consent
• Future Prospects
• Notes
• References
• 28 Indigenous self-determination in the Nordic countries The Sami, and the Inuit of Greenland
• Introduction
• Key international instruments
• ILO Convention No. 169
• Council of Europe’s Conventions on National Minorities
• The Nordic Sami Convention
• Recognition as (indigenous) peoples
• Political institutions for indigenous self-governance
• The Sámi Parliament in Finland
• The Sami Parliament in Norway
• The Sami Parliament in Sweden
• The Sami Parliamentary Council
• Self-government of Greenland
• Representation in the Nordic Council
• Conclusion
• Notes
• References
• Index