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• Cover image
• Title page
• Table of Contents
• Copyright
• Preface
• Acknowledgments
• Dedication
• Contributors
• New to This Edition
• Part I. Drugs
• 1. Neurophysiology
• Desirable Properties of Local Anesthetics
• Fundamentals of Impulse Generation and Transmission
• Mode and Site of Action of Local Anesthetics
• Active Forms of Local Anesthetics
• Kinetics of Local Anesthetic Onset and Duration of Action
• 2. Pharmacology of Local Anesthetics
• Pharmacokinetics of Local Anesthetics
• Systemic Actions of Local Anesthetics
• 3. Pharmacology of Vasoconstrictors
• Chemical Structure
• Modes of Action
• Dilutions of Vasoconstrictors
• Pharmacology of Specific Agents
• Selection of a Vasoconstrictor
• 4. Clinical Action of Specific Agents
• Selection of a Local Anesthetic
• Duration
• Maximum Recommended Doses of Local Anesthetics
• Ester Local Anesthetics
• Amide Local Anesthetics
• Anesthetics for Topical Application
• Selection of a Local Anesthetic
• Part II. The Armamentarium
• 5. The Syringe
• Types of Syringes
• Care and Handling of Syringes
• Problems
• Recommendations
• 6. The Needle
• Types of Needle
• Anatomy of a Dental Needle
• Care and Handling of Needles
• Problems With Needles
• Recommendations
• 7. The Cartridge
• Components
• Cartridge Contents
• Care and Handling
• Problems
• Recommendations
• 8. Additional Armamentarium
• Topical Antiseptic
• Topical Anesthetic
• Applicator Sticks
• Cotton Gauze
• Hemostat
• Needle-Recapping Device
• 9. Preparation of the Armamentarium
• Breech-Loading, Metallic or Plastic, Cartridge-Type Syringe
• Placing an Additional Cartridge in a (Traditional) Syringe
• Self-Aspirating Syringe
• Ultra Safety Plus XL Safety Syringe
• Part III. Techniques of Regional Anesthesia in Dentistry
• 10. Physical and Psychological Evaluation
• Goals of Physical and Psychological Evaluation
• Physical Evaluation
• I. Circle Appropriate Answer: (Leave Blank If You Do Not Understand The Question.)
• II. Have You Experienced
• III. Do You Have Or Have You Had
• IV. Do You Have Or Have You Had
• V. Are You Taking
• VI. Women Only
• VII. All Patients
• Physical Examination
• Additional Evaluation Procedures
• Physical Status Classification System
• Drug-Drug Interactions and Contraindications
• Malignant Hyperthermia
• Atypical Plasma Cholinesterase
• Methemoglobinemia
• 11. Basic Injection Technique
• ◆ Step 1: Use a Sterilized Sharp Needle
• ◆ Step 2: Check the Flow of Local Anesthetic Solution
• ◆ Step 3: Determine Whether to Warm the Anesthetic Cartridge or Syringe
• ◆ Step 4: Position the Patient
• ◆ Step 5: Dry the Tissue
• ◆ Step 6: Apply Topical Antiseptic (Optional)
• ◆ Step 7A: Apply Topical Anesthetic
• ◆ Step 7B: Communicate With the Patient
• ◆ Step 8: Establish a Firm Hand Rest
• ◆ Step 9: Make the Tissue Taut
• ◆ Step 10: Keep the Syringe Out of the Patient’s Line of Sight
• ◆ Step 11A: Insert the Needle Into the Mucosa
• ◆ Step 11B: Watch and Communicate With the Patient
• ◆ Step 12: Inject Several Drops of Local Anesthetic Solution (Optional)
• ◆ Step 14: Deposit Several Drops of Local Anesthetic Before Touching the Periosteum
• ◆ Step 15: Aspirate
• ◆ Step 16A: Slowly Deposit the Local Anesthetic Solution
• ◆ Step 16B: Communicate With the Patient
• ◆ Step 17: Slowly Withdraw the Syringe
• ◆ Step 18: Observe the Patient
• ◆ Step 19: Record the Injection in the Patient’s Dental Chart
• 12. Anatomic Considerations
• Trigeminal Nerve
• Osteology: Maxilla
• Osteology: Mandible
• 13. Techniques of Maxillary Anesthesia
• Local Infiltration
• Field Block
• Nerve Block
• Discussion
• Maxillary Injection Techniques
• Teeth and Buccal Soft and Hard Tissues
• Palatal Anesthesia
• Precautions
• Summary
• 14. Techniques of Mandibular Anesthesia
• Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block
• Buccal Nerve Block
• Area Anesthetized
• Indication
• Mandibular Nerve Block: The Gow-Gates Technique
• Vazirani-Akinosi Closed-Mouth Mandibular Block
• Indications
• Mental Nerve Block
• Incisive Nerve Block
• Chapter15. Supplemental Injection Techniques
• Intraosseous Anesthesia
• Intrapulpal Injection
• Summary
• 16. Anesthetic Considerations in Dental Specialties
• Endodontics
• Pediatric Dentistry
• Periodontics
• Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
• Fixed Prosthodontics
• Long-Duration Local Anesthesia
• Dental Hygiene
• Part IV. Complications, Legal Considerations, Questions, and the Future
• 17. Local Complications
• Needle Breakage
• Prolonged Anesthesia or Paresthesia
• Facial Nerve Paralysis
• Ocular Complications
• Trismus
• Soft Tissue Injury
• Hematoma
• Pain on Injection
• Burning on Injection
• Infection
• Edema
• Sloughing of Tissues
• Postanesthetic Intraoral Lesions
• 18. Systemic Complications
• Classification of Adverse Drug Reactions
• Overdose
• Allergy
• Consultation and Allergy Testing
• Dental Management in the Presence of Alleged Local Anesthetic Allergy
• Clinical Manifestations
• Time of Onset of Symptoms
• Signs and Symptoms
• Management
• Summary
• 19. Problems in Achieving Pain Control
• Maxillary Teeth
• Mandibular Teeth
• Pulpally Involved Teeth
• 20. Recent Advances in Local Anesthesia
• Computer-Controlled Local Anesthetic Delivery
• Articaine Hydrochloride
• Phentolamine Mesylate: The Local Anesthesia “Off” Switch
• Buffering (Alkalinizing) of Local Anesthetics: The Local Anesthetic “On” Switch
• Tetracaine and Oxymetazoline: Nasal Mist for Anesthesia of Maxillary Nonmolar Teeth
• 21. Future Trends in Pain Control
• Longer- and Ultra-Long-Acting Local Anesthetics
• Light-Activated, Light-Inactivated Local Anesthesia
• 22. Frequently Asked Questions
• Local Anesthetics
• Vasoconstrictors
• Syringes
• Needles
• Cartridges
• Techniques of Regional Anesthesia in Dentistry
• 23. Legal Considerations
• Contract Law
• Criminal Law
• Tort Law
• Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996
• Legal Considerations Relating to Local Anesthesia Administration
• Conclusion
• Index