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• Handbook of Military Social Work
• Copyright
• Contents
• Foreword
• Preface
• Organization
• EPAS Core Competencies
• Acknowledgments
• Introduction: Understanding and Intervening With Military Personnel and Their Families: An Overview
• About the Editors
• About the Contributors
• Part I: Foundations of Social Work With Service Members and Veterans
• 1: A Brief History of Social Work With the Military and Veterans
• World War I and Its Aftermath
• World War II and Its Aftermath
• Social Work in the Different Branches of the Armed Services
• The Korean War and the Start of the Vietnam War: 1950–1970
• Stockades
• Army Community Service (ACS): The Beginnings of the Family Advocacy Program
• After the Vietnam War to the End of the Cold War
• Family Programs
• Substance Abuse Programs
• PTSD
• The Veterans Administration
• The Persian Gulf War Until 9/11
• Family Advocacy Programs
• Substance Abuse Programs
• The Veterans Administration
• The Global War on Terrorism
• Sexual Assault
• Suicide Prevention
• Military Social Work Today
• Conclusion
• 2: Military Culture and Diversity
• Introduction
• Military Cultural Competence and Counseling
• Military Culture: Values and Beliefs
• Distinctive Characteristics of Military Culture
• The Military as an Organization
• Eligibility: Why Join?
• Combat Readiness: Mission of the U.S. Military
• Military Culture and Civilian Society
• Hispanics/Latinos
• African Americans
• Native Americans
• Asians and Pacific Islanders
• Case Vignette: Alice
• Gays in the Military
• Aging Veterans
• Conclusion
• Chapter Discussion Questions
• 3: Women in the Military
• Introduction
• Gender
• Military-Related Sexual Harassment and Assault
• Military Response to MST
• Married Women in the Military
• Menses and Pregnancy
• Bisexual and Lesbian Service Members
• Health in Women Veterans
• Treatment Implications and Case Application
• Case Vignette: Sally
• Conclusion
• 4: Ethical Decision Making in Military Social Work
• The Military Context as the Dominant Paradigm
• Ethical Dilemma: Dual Loyalty Issues
• Ethical Dilemma: Confidentiality and Privacy Issues
• Ethical Dilemma: Hierarchy and Power Issues
• Legal and Moral Contexts for Ethical Dilemmas
• Models for Ethical Decision Making
• The ETHIC Model
• Loewenberg and Dolgoff’s Ethical Decision-Making Questions and Ethical Principles Screen
• Gottlieb’s Decision-Making Model
• Johnson, Grasso, and Maslowski’s Strategies for Managing Ethical-Legal Conflicts
• Case Vignette: Captain John Doe, MSW
• Case Vignette: Carl
• Case Vignette: The Jones Family
• Conclusion
• Chapter Discussion Questions
• 5: Secondary Trauma in Military Social Work
• Defining Secondary Trauma and Related terms
• Case vignette: Donna
• Assessing Secondary Trauma
• Treating Secondary Trauma
• Preventing Secondary Trauma: Policy, Organizational, and Personal Strategies
• Policy and Organizational Recommendations in the Civilian Sector
• Policy and Organizational Recommendations in the Military
• Personal Strategies
• Conclusion
• Chapter Discussion Questions
• Part II: Interventions for the Behavioral Health Problems of Service Members and Veterans
• 6: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in Veterans
• Introduction
• Posttraumatic Stress: DSM Diagnostic Criteria
• PTSD in Combat Veterans
• History of PTSD
• The Evolution of Contemporary Theories of PTSD
• Psychosocial Models of Posttraumatic Stress
• Case Vignette: SSG Brown
• Conclusion
• Chapter Discussion Questions
• 7: The Neurobiology of PTSD and Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT)
• The Neurobiology of PTSD
• PTSD as a Memory Disorder
• The Amygdala and Prefrontal Cortex
• Emotional versus Episodic Memory
• Memory Consolidation and Reconsolidation
• Memory Extinction
• PTSD-Related Psychotherapies
• Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT)
• Case Vignette: Sgt. Hernandez
• Session 1
• Session 2
• Session 3
• Session 4
• Session 5
• Session 6
• Session 7
• Sessions 8 Through 12
• Conclusion
• Chapter Discussion Questions
• 8: Treating Combat-Related PTSD With Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy
• The Military Health Care Challenge
• Introduction to Clinical Virtual Reality
• Virtual Reality Exposure
• Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy using Virtual IRAQ/Afghanistan
• Suggestions for the use of Virtual IRAQ/Afghanistan for VRE
• Prior to Initiating Treatment With Virtual Iraq/Afghanistan
• Components of Treatment
• Options for Treatment
• VR Assessment
• Overview of VRE using Virtual IRAQ/Afghanistan
• Session 1
• Present Session Agenda
• Provide Overview of Treatment
• Gather Information From Patient
• Breathing Retraining
• Assign Homework and End Session
• Session 2
• Review Homework
• Present Session Agenda
• Discuss Common Reactions to Trauma and Normalize Patient’s Reactions
• Present Detailed Rationale for Exposure
• Introduce SUDS Scale
• Assign Homework and End Session
• Session 3
• Review Homework
• Present Session Agenda
• Brief Review of Rationale for Exposure
• Instructions for Exposure
• Conduct Exposure
• Process Exposure and End Session
• Session 4
• Check-In
• Present Session Agenda
• Conduct Exposure
• Process Exposure
• End Session
• Session 5
• Check-In
• Present Session Agenda
• Introduce and Identify Hot Spots
• Conduct Exposure
• Process Exposure and End Session
• Sessions 6–8
• Check-In
• Present Session Agenda
• Conduct Exposure to Hot Spots
• Process Exposure
• End Session
• Session 9
• Check-In
• Present Session Agenda
• Conduct Exposure
• Process Exposure
• Review Treatment Program and Patient’s Progress
• Termination
• Case Vignette: Ann
• Conclusion
• Chapter Discussion Questions
• 9: Psychopharmacology for PTSD and Co-Occurring Disorders
• Introduction
• Antidepressants
• First-Line Antidepressants
• Second-Line Antidepressants
• Antidepressants: Conclusion
• Benzodiazepines
• Antipsychotics
• Medication Adherence
• High-Cost Medication
• Negative Beliefs About Medications
• Difficulty Staying Organized
• Medications Side Effects
• Combining Psychotherapy and Medications
• Managing Comorbid Medical and Psychiatric Issues
• Gender Issues
• Cases
• Case Vignette: Staff Sergeant Jones
• Case Vignette: Ms. Lopez
• Conclusion
• Chapter Discussion Questions
• 10: Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) and the Military
• Overview
• Diagnostic Considerations and Severity
• Moderate to Severe TBI in the Military
• Treatment and Recovery Following Moderate to Severe TBI
• Case Vignette: Albert
• Case Vignette: Robert
• Mild TBI in the Military
• Additional MTBI Diagnostic Considerations
• Symptoms Associated With mTBI
• Postconcussion Syndrome Following mTBI
• Treatment and Recovery Following mTBI
• Case Vignette: Michael
• Co-Occurring Recovery Considerations
• Case Vignette: Joshua
• Conclusions and Future Considerations
• Chapter Discussion Questions
• 11: TBI and Social Work Practice
• Contact
• Problem Identification, Data Collection, and Assessment
• Case Planning
• Intervention
• Evaluation
• Termination
• Case Vignette: David
• Conclusion
• Chapter Discussion Questions
• 12: Assessing, Preventing, and Treating Substance Use Disorders in Active Duty Military Settings
• Prevention
• Assessment
• Armed Forces Treatment Programs
• Two Empirically Supported Outpatient Treatment approaches
• Seeking Safety (Seeking Strength)
• Motivational Interviewing
• An Ecosystem Perspective for Treating Veterans with Comorbid Substance Abuse Disorders and other Dis
• Case Vignette: Joe
• Discussion of the Case Vignette: Joe
• The Role of the Chaplain
• Conclusion
• Chapter Discussion Questions
• 13: Preventing and Intervening With Substance Use Disorders in Veterans
• Co-Occurring Disorders
• What Does Co-Occurring Mean?
• Most Common Comorbid Disorders
• Best Treatment Practices for Co-Occurring Disorders
• Prevention and Treatment Programs
• Prevention for Active Duty Personnel
• Transition to Veteran Status
• Prevention within the VA
• Treatment at the VA and other Programs
• Continuing Care
• Case Vignette: Craig
• Conclusion
• Chapter Discussion Questions
• 14: Suicide in the Military
• Potential Military Suicide Risk Factors
• Military Suicide Prevention Gaps
• Leadership Focus
• Surveillance and Research Focus
• Program Access and Quality of Care Focus
• Resilience and Skill-Building Focus
• Building Resilience: Suicide Prevention in the Context of Total Force Fitness
• What Is Resilience and Why Focus on It?
• What Is TFF and How Does It Relate to Resilience and Suicide Prevention?
• Medical Fitness
• Environmental Fitness
• Psychological Fitness
• Nutritional Fitness
• Behavioral Fitness
• Social Fitness
• Physical Fitness
• Spiritual Fitness
• Family Fitness
• Examples of Resilience and Family Fitness Programs in the Military
• Military Suicide Prevention Programs
• Discussion
• Case Vignette: Airman First Class Jones
• Identify Risk Factors
• Bolster Protective Factors
• TFF Domains and Possible Intervention/Prevention Recommendations
• Conclusion
• Chapter Discussion Questions
• Part III: Veterans and Systems of Care
• 15: Homelessness Among Veterans
• Introduction
• Causes and Prevalence of Veteran Homelessness
• Interventions
• Motivational Interviewing
• Case Vignette: Sam
• Assertive Community Treatment
• Housing First Model
• Housing and Urban Development VA-Supportive housing (HUD-VASH) Program
• Case Vignette: John Doe
• Health Care for Homeless Veterans
• Domiciliary Care for Homeless Veterans
• Homeless Veterans Reintegration Program (HVRP)
• Project Chaleng: The VA’s Community Network Intervention
• New VA Programs Designed to Prevent Homelessness
• Homeless Veterans Stand Down
• Medication Compliance and Prognosis for Ending Homelessness
• Outreach Considerations
• Clinical Issues in Working with the Veteran Homeless Population: With an Emphasis on Social Worker S
• Self-Care and Burnout Prevention
• Cost Benefit of Psychosocial Support and Case Management
• Conclusion
• Chapter Discussion Questions
• 16: Navigating Systems of Care
• Introduction
• Basic Eligibility and Enrollment
• Priority Groups
• Combat Veterans
• Service-Connected Disabilities and Compensation
• Operation Enduring Freedom/IRAQI Freedom/New Dawn Veterans
• Vet Centers
• Homeless Veterans Program
• Military Sexual Trauma
• Suicide Prevention
• Transition Assistance
• Women Veterans
• Case Vignette: Lisa Smith
• Conclusion
• Chapter Discussion Questions
• 17: Transitioning Veterans Into Civilian Life
• Introduction
• Transition
• Disabled Transition Assistance
• Wounded Service Members and Military Programs
• U.S. Army
• U.S. Marine Corps
• U.S. Navy
• U.S. Air Force
• Military to Civilian Transition
• Factors Relating to Transition
• Transitioning from Military to Higher Education
• Educational Benefits
• A Brief History of the GI Bill
• Connecting to the Community
• Transitioning Into Civilian Employment
• Female Veterans
• Reintegration Skills Training
• Case Vignette: Howard
• Conclusion
• Chapter Discussion Questions
• Part IV: Families Impacted by Military Service
• 18: A Brief History of U.S. Military Families and the Role of Social Workers
• The Revolutionary (1775–1783) and Civil War Eras (1861–1865)
• The Family as “Camp Followers”
• Assistance for Families
• World War I ERA: (1914–1918)
• The American Red Cross and Services to Families
• Families and World War II ERA: (1941–1945)
• The Expansion of Military Family Programs
• The Emergency Maternal and Infant Care Program (EMIC)
• The Korean War ERA: (1950–1953)
• The Vietnam War: (1954–1975)
• Social Movements and the Military Family
• A New Recognition of Family
• The Persian Gulf War: (August 1990–March 1991)
• The Reserve and National Guard Components
• The Family Care Plan
• Family Support Groups
• National Guard and Reserve Families
• The Global War on Terror (2001– )
• Conclusion
• Chapter Discussion Questions
• 19: Cycle of Deployment and Family Well-Being
• Combat Stress
• Deployment Stressors
• Predeployment
• Military Programs for Deployment Preparation
• Deployment/Sustainment
• Military Support Programs During Deployment
• Redeployment/Postdeployment
• Military Programs to Support Redeployment and Postdeployment
• Deployment Impact on Military Families
• Deployment Impact on Spouses and Marital Relationships
• Domestic Violence in the Military
• Children Impacted by Military Service
• Child Abuse
• Additional Military Programs
• Case Vignettes
• Case Vignette: Michael
• Case Vignette: Smith Family
• Conclusion
• 20: Supporting National Guard and Reserve Members and Their Families
• Portrait of Reservist Families
• Overview of Deployment Cycle Impact on Military Families
• Emotional Cycle of Deployment
• Military Family Issues
• Interventions to Mitigate Deployment Impact on Families
• Additional Military Initiatives and Community Partnerships
• Case Vignette: Josh
• Conclusion
• 21: The Exceptional Family Member Program: Helping Special Needs Children in Military Families
• Introduction
• Military and Disability Culture—Two Worlds
• Military Conduct and Ethics
• The Exceptional Family Member Program (EFMP)
• EFMP Identification and Enrollment
• EFMP Personnel and Services
• Housing
• Child Care
• Youth Services
• Medical Services—TRICARE
• Personnel Assignment
• Civilian Services for EFMP Families
• Civilian Norms, Values, and Principles
• Family-Centered Care/Person-Centered Planning
• Least Restrictive Environment and Inclusion
• Accommodations and Modifications
• Formal Dispute Resolution Procedures—Due Process
• Legal Foundations to Protect the Rights of People With Disabilities
• Civilian DD Services, Education, Support, Advocacy, and Monitoring
• Family Support Services for EFMP Families—Military and Civilian
• Service Member Support—Utilizing Military Command Structure
• Training for Military and Civilian Service Providers
• Case Management Services
• Advocacy Services
• A Case Example
• Case Vignette: Darcy
• Conclusion
• Chapter Discussion Questions
• 22: Grief, Loss, and Bereavement in Military Families
• Suicide Bereavement
• Issues that Influence Suicide Bereavement
• Survivors of a Military Suicide Loss and the Associated Complexities
• Circumstances of the Death and condition of Bodily Remains
• Geography of the Death/Geography of the Survivor
• Age of Decedents/Age of Survivors
• Commitment to Service
• Death Notification
• The Casualty Officer
• The Immediate Impact to Survivors
• Secondary and Multiple Losses
• Additional Challenges Facing Military suicide Loss Survivors
• A “Dishonorable” Death: Shame and Stigma
• The Violence of the Death
• Media
• Memorials and Recognitions
• Line of Duty and Death Investigations
• Pensions/Insurance/Entitlements
• Mental Illness/Help-Seeking/Blame
• Case Vignette: Rob
• Case Vignette Discussion
• Chapter Discussion Questions
• 23: The Stress Process Model for Supporting Long-Term Family Caregiving
• Introduction
• Scope of the Issues
• Who are the Caregivers of Military Service Members and Veterans Today?
• What is the Stress Process Model?
• Historical Background
• Stress Theory
• Appraisal Theory
• Coping Theory
• Integration of Stress, Appraisal, and Coping Theories
• Using the Stress Process Model to Guide Assessments of Caregivers of Wounded Warriors
• Background and Context of Stress
• Stressors
• Mediators of Stress
• Outcomes or Manifestations of Stress
• Applying the Stress Process Model to Guide Assessments of Caregivers
• Case Vignette: LeeAnn and Dan
• Conclusion
• Chapter Discussion Questions
• 24: Family-Centered Programs and Interventions for Military Children and Youth
• Background and Overview
• Composition of Families in the Military
• Active Duty
• Reserve and Guard
• The Impact of Military Culture on Families
• Military Culture
• Geographic Mobility
• Parental Separation and Deployment
• Parental Separation
• Parental Deployment
• Impact on the Nondeployed Parent
• Impact of Deployment on the Child
• Reintegration Challenges Following Deployment
• The Family-Centered Approach
• School Settings
• Medical Settings
• Telemedicine
• Programs, Interventions, and Resources
• Case Vignette: Charlie
• Case Vignette: Sophia
• Treatments for Traumatized Children and Families
• Conclusion
• Chapter Discussion Questions
• 25: Couple Therapy for Redeployed Military and Veteran Couples
• Introduction
• Rationale
• Key Principles of Clinical Social Work Practice
• Relationship-Based
• Synthesis of Theory Models
• Attachment Theory
• Trauma Theory
• Cultural Responsiveness
• Research-Based and Research-Informed
• Role of Gender
• Demographics
• Mental Health and Health Issues
• Health Care Needs
• Gendered Responses to Trauma
• Intimate Partner Violence
• Caregivers
• Phase-Oriented Couple Therapy with Military and Veteran Couples
• Couple Therapy Phases
• Case Vignette: Staff Sergeant Maria Sanchez-Background and Assessment
• Case Vignette: Staff Sergeant Maria Sanchez—First Treatment Plan
• Case Vignette: Couple Therapy for Sgt. and Mr. Sanchez
• Conclusion
• Chapter Discussion Questions
• 26: Theory and Practice With Military Couples and Families
• Stressors
• Theoretical Models
• The Family Systems Approach
• Coping and Resilience Models
• Communication and Skills Training
• Community Capacity Model
• An Introduction to Veteran Injury and Impact on the Family
• Rationale for Family-Based Interventions
• The Effects of TBI on the Family
• The Effects of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder on the Family
• Secondary Traumatization and the Family
• Assessment
• Case Vignette: The O’Reilly Family
• Family Genograms
• Family Ecomap
• Empirically Informed Therapies
• Integrative Behavioral Couples Therapy
• Cognitive Behavioral Couples Therapy (CBCT)
• CBCT and Posttraumatic Stress
• CBT With Families
• Psychoeducation
• Psychoeducation for Military Families: The SAFE Program and Operation Enduring Families
• Multifamily Group Treatment for TBI
• Brain Injury Family Intervention
• Conclusion
• Addressing Barriers for Care and the Role of Social Work
• Chapter Discussion Questions: Based on the O’Reilly Family Case Example
• Appendix: Veteran Organizations and Military Family Resources
• Armed Forces Treatment Program Websites
• Child Trauma
• Children Resources
• Crisis Hotlines
• Culture in the Military
• Education/Employment and Transition
• Family Resources
• Gateway Sites
• Health
• Homeless Veterans Resources
• Legal Services for Veterans
• Mental Health
• Prisoners of War
• PTSD
• Sexual Assault
• Substance Abuse
• Suicide Prevention
• Terminology in the Military
• Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)
• Veterans Resources
• Veterans Organizations
• Other Veteran Organizations Recognized for Claim Representation
• Other National Organizations that Serve Veterans or Families of Veterans
• Women Veterans
• Selected Books
• Other Titles of Interest
• From the New York Times Best Seller List
• Novelization of a Motion Picture
• Books on Trauma
• Videos
• Video Resources for Families
• YouTube Videos of Service Members and Veterans Discussing Their Experiences With PTSD and the VRE Sy
• Glossary of Military Terms
• Author Index
• Subject Index