Efnisyfirlit

• Cover
• Title Page
• Copyright
• Dedication
• Preface
• Acknowledgments
• About the Authors
• Foreword
• 1 Choices: Money, Medicine, and Health
• 1.1 What Is Economics?
• 1.2 The Flow of Funds
• 1.3 Economic Principles as Conceptual Tools
• 1.4 Health Disparities
• 1.5 Whose Choices: Personal, Group, or Public?
• 1.6 Social Science and Rational Choice Theory
• Suggestions for Further Reading
• Summary
• Problems
• Endnotes
• 2 Demand and Supply
• 2.1 The Demand Curve
• 2.2 The Supply Curve
• 2.3 Price Sensitivity
• 2.4 Is Money the Only Price?
• 2.5 Inputs and Production Functions
• 2.6 Markets: The Intersection of Demand and Supply
• 2.7 Need versus Demand
• 2.8 Social Determinants of Health (SDoH)
• 2.9 Efficiency
• Suggestions for Further Reading
• Summary
• Problems
• Endnotes
• 3 Cost‐Benefit and Cost‐Effectiveness Analysis
• 3.1 Cost‐Benefit Analysis Is about Making Choices
• 3.2 Maximization: Finding the Optimum
• 3.3 The Value of Life
• 3.4 Quality‐Adjusted Life Years (QALYs)
• 3.5 CBA and Public Policy Decision Making
• Suggestions for Further Reading
• Summary
• Problems
• Endnotes
• 4 Financing Medical Care: Health Insurance Contracts: Managed Care
• 4.1 Methods for Covering Risks
• 4.2 Insurance Definitions
• 4.3 Insurance: Third‐Party Payment
• 4.4 Sources of Insurance
• 4.5 Contracting and Payments
• 4.6 Managed Care
• Suggestions for Further Reading
• Summary
• Problems
• Endnotes
• 5 Physicians
• 5.1 Financing Physician Services: Revenues
• 5.2 Physician Incomes
• 5.3 Physician Financing: Expenses
• 5.4 The Medical Transaction
• 5.5 Uncertainty
• 5.6 Licensure: Quality or Profits?
• Suggestions for Further Reading
• Summary
• Problems
• Endnotes
• 6 Medical Education, Organization, and Business Practices
• 6.1 Medical Education
• 6.2 Licensure and Healthcare Provider Supply
• 6.3 Group Practice: How Organization and Technology Affect Transactions
• 6.4 Kickbacks, Self‐Dealing, and Side Payments
• 6.5 Price Discrimination
• 6.6 Practice Variations
• 6.7 Choices by and for Physicians
• Suggestions for Further Reading
• Summary
• Problems
• Endnotes
• 7 Hospitals
• 7.1 From Charitable Institutions to Corporate Chains: Development of the Modern Hospital
• 7.2 Hospital Financing: Revenues
• 7.3 Hospital Financing: Expenses
• 7.4 Financial Management and Cost Shifting
• 7.5 How Do Hospitals Compete?
• 7.6 Organization: Who Controls the Hospital and for What Ends?
• Suggestions for Further Reading
• Summary
• Problems
• Endnotes
• 8 Management and Regulation of Hospital Costs
• 8.1 Why Do Some Hospitals Cost More than Others?
• 8.2 How Management Controls Costs
• 8.3 Conflict between Economic Theory and Accounting Measures of per Unit Cost
• 8.4 Economies of Scale
• 8.5 Hospital Charges, Costs, and Prices: Confusion and Chaos
• 8.6 Controlling Hospital Costs through Regulation
• Suggestions for Further Reading
• Summary
• Problems
• Endnotes
• 9 Long‐Term Care
• 9.1 Development of the Long‐Term Care Market
• 9.2 Age and Health Care Spending
• 9.3 Defining LTC: Types of Care
• 9.4 Medicaid: Nursing Homes as a Two‐Part Market
• 9.5 Cost Control by Substitution
• 9.6 Case‐Mix Reimbursement
• 9.7 LTC Insurance
• 9.8 Retirement, Assisted Living, and the Wealth Elderly
• 9.9 Financial Reimbursement Cycles
• Suggestions for Further Reading
• Summary
• Problems
• Endnotes
• 10 Pharmaceuticals
• 10.1 Pharmaceutical Revenues: Sources of Financing
• 10.2 Uses of Funds
• 10.3 Research and Development
• 10.4 Pharmacoeconomics and Technology Assessment
• 10.5 Value, Cost, and Marketing
• Suggestions for Further Reading
• Summary
• Problems
• Endnotes
• 11 Financing and Ownership of Health Care Providers
• 11.1 What Is Financing?
• 11.2 Value and Rate of Return
• 11.3 Ownership and Agency
• 11.4 Capital Financing: Hospitals
• 11.5 HMO Ownership and Capital Markets: Success and Failure
• 11.6 Entrepreneurship and Profits
• Suggestions for Further Reading
• Summary
• Problems
• Endnotes
• 12 History, Demography, and the Growth of Modern Medicine
• 12.1 Economic Growth Has Determined the Shape of Health Care
• 12.2 Birth Rates, Death Rates, and Population Growth
• 12.3 The Stone Age
• 12.4 The Agricultural Age
• 12.5 The Industrial Age
• 12.6 The Information Age
• 12.7 The Rise of Modern Medicine
• 12.8 The Growth of Medical Expenditures and National Health Systems
• 12.9 Income and Health
• 12.10 Reducing Uncertainty: The Value of Life and Economic Security
• 12.11 Did Better Medical Care Increase Life Expectancy?
• Suggestions for Further Reading
• Summary
• Problems
• Endnotes
• 13 Macroeconomics of Medical Care
• 13.1 What Is Macro?
• 13.2 The Consumption Function
• 13.3 Adjusting to Change: Dynamics
• 13.4 Forecasting Future Health Expenditures
• 13.5 Cost Controls: Spending Gaps and the Push to Regulate
• 13.6 Workforce Dynamics: “Spending” Is Mostly Labor
• Suggestions for Further Reading
• Summary
• Problems
• Endnotes
• 14 The Role of Government and Public Goods
• 14.1 The Roles of Government
• 14.2 Government Health Financing
• 14.3 Law and Order
• 14.4 Public Goods and Externalities
• 14.5 Monopoly and Market Failure
• 14.6 Information
• 14.7 Drugs, Sex, and War: Public Health in Action
• 14.8 Politics, Regulation and Competition
• 14.9 Trust, Care, and Distribution
• Suggestions for Further Reading
• Summary
• Problems
• Endnotes
• 15 International Comparisons of Health and Health Expenditures
• 15.1 Wide Differences among Nations
• 15.2 Micro versus Macro Allocation: Health as a National Luxury Good
• 15.3 Causality: Does More Spending Improve Health?
• 15.4 Low‐Income Countries
• 15.5 Middle‐Income Countries
• 15.6 High‐Income Countries
• 15.7 The Expensive Exception: The United States
• 15.8 International Trade in Health Care
• Suggestions for Further Reading
• Summary
• Problems
• Endnotes
• 16 Value for Money in the Future of Health Care
• 16.1 Who Gets Healthy and Who Gets Paid?
• 16.2 What Needs to Be Fixed?
• 16.3 Distribution, Distribution, Distribution
• 16.4 Spending Money or Producing Health?
• 16.5 The Path Toward Full Coverage
• 16.6 The Future: Population Health and the Reorganization of Medicine
• 16.7 The Long Run: 2050 and Beyond
• Suggestions for Further Reading
• Problems
• Endnotes
• Glossary
• Index
• End User License Agreement