Efnisyfirlit

• Half-title
• Title
• Copyright
• Dedication
• Contents
• Acknowledgements
• Setting out: using this book
• 1 Locating the field: introducing health psychology
• A historical view of health and disease
• Biomedicine and the biomedical model
• Changes in health and disease
• The broadening perspective on health
• The biopsychosocial model
• The development of health psychology
• Academic location of health psychology
• Psychosomatic medicine, behavioural medicine, behavioural health
• Other disciplines relevant to health psychology
• Approaches within health psychology
• Clinical health psychology
• Public health psychology
• Community health psychology
• Critical health psychology
• Summary
• Health psychology: a critical introduction
• Individualism
• Questioning research assumptions
• Reflexiveness
• Summary
• Variations in health by social groups
• SES
• Gender
• Gender differences in mortality
• Gender differences in morbidity
• Being female: what does it mean for health?
• Being male: what does it mean for health?
• Gender differences in health: what else matters?
• Age
• Ethnicity
• Summary
• Summary and conclusions
• RECOMMENDED READING
• 2 Thinking about health and the body
• The rise of biomedicine
• Understandings of health
• Illness experiences
• Gender
• Age
• SES
• Culture and ethnicity
• Summary
• Thinking about the body
• Healthy bodies
• Bodies in medicine
• Gendered bodies
• Disabled bodies
• Summary
• Implications of our understandings of health and the body
• Conclusions
• RECOMMENDED READING
• 3 Choosing lifestyles
• What are lifestyles and how do they relate to health?
• Health promotion and attempts to influence lifestyles
• Influencing lifestyles: individualist approaches
• Social cognition approaches
• Health locus of control
• Self-efficacy
• Attitude models
• The Health Belief Model
• The Theory of Planned Behaviour
• Stage models
• Criticisms of the social cognition approach to changing lifestyles
• Other approaches based on the social cognition approach to changing lifestyles
• How effective are individualist approaches to changing lifestyles?
• Implications of the individualist approach
• Influencing lifestyles: structural-collective approaches
• Community empowerment
• Collective action
• How effective are structural-collective approaches to changing lifestyles?
• Influencing lifestyles: the individual in context
• Individuals through the lifecourse
• Experience
• Material disadvantage
• Culture
• Globalisation
• Consequences of health promotion efforts to change lifestyles
• Conclusions: what do we need in health psychology?
• RECOMMENDED READING
• 4 Controlling the body
• What do people do to prevent disease?
• Self-examination
• Breast self-examination
• Effectiveness of BSE
• Factors influencing BSE behaviour
• Testicular self-examination
• Effectiveness of TSE
• Factors influencing TSE behaviour
• Population screening
• Breast cancer screening
• Effectiveness of breast cancer screening
• Factors influencing uptake of breast cancer screening
• Cervical cancer screening
• Effectiveness of cervical cancer screening
• Factors influencing the uptake of cervical cancer screening
• Prostate cancer screening
• Effectiveness of prostate cancer screening
• Factors influencing uptake of prostate cancer screening
• Factors influencing uptake of prostate cancer screening
• Colorectal cancer screening
• Effectiveness of colorectal cancer screening
• Factors influencing uptake of colorectal cancer screening
• Problems with population screening
• Psychological costs of population screening
• Psychological costs of screening information and invitations to attend
• Psychological costs of participating in screening
• Psychological costs of abnormal and false-positive results
• Psychological costs of being diagnosed with cancer
• Genetic screening
• Pre-natal testing
• Carrier testing
• Predictive testing
• The psychological effects of genetic testing
• Broader implications of genetic testing
• Disease prevention by surgery
• Disease prevention with drugs
• HRT
• Implications of secondary prevention approaches
• Risk
• Medicalisation and self-surveillance
• Consequences for identity and subjectivity
• Conclusions
• RECOMMENDED READING
• 5 Becoming ill
• Psychological influences on becoming ill
• Stress
• Stress as a response
• Stress as a stimulus
• Major life events as stressors
• Minor life events as stressors
• Stress as a process
• Reflections on stress and coping research
• How might stress affect health?
• Dispositional influences
• Optimism and pessimism
• Type A behaviour pattern
• Hostility and anger
• Negative mood
• Emotional inhibition
• Religious belief/spirituality
• Summarising psychological factors involved in illness
• Social and environmental factors that influence becoming ill
• Social support
• How does social support affect health?
• Gender
• Ethnicity
• SES
• Environments
• Physiological mechanisms
• Cardiovascular reactivity
• Psychoneuroimmunology
• Becoming ill: critical reflections
• Conclusions
• RECOMMENDED READING
• 6 Comprehending bodily experience
• Why bother researching how people interpret physical sensations in their own bodies?
• The biomedical view of symptom recognition
• Individual influences on recognising and interpreting symptoms
• Stable factors: self-awareness, neuroticism, negative affectivity, somatisation
• Transient factors: mood, attention, expectations
• Stress
• Cognitions about illness and disease
• Social influences on recognising and interpreting symptoms
• Gender
• Age
• Social class
• Cultural influences on recognising and interpreting symptoms
• Cultural orientation
• Dominant representations
• Somatisation and culture
• Understanding the experience of pain
• Dominant understandings: mechanistic nature of pain
• Gate-control theory: individual and social factors
• Contextualising the pain experience: cultural influences
• Summary and implications: the meaning of pain
• Implications of traditional psychological research for our knowledge concerning symptom perception
• Conclusion
• RECOMMENDED READING
• 7 Interacting with health professionals
• Who are ‘health professionals ’?
• What influences people to seek care from a health professional?
• Social factors
• Age
• Stress
• Gender
• Doctor–patient interactions: why is a successful interaction so important?
• Influences on the quality of doctor–patient interactions
• The patient in doctor–patient interaction
• Children
• Culture
• The doctor in the doctor–patient interaction
• Communication in the doctor–patient interaction
• Technical language
• Communication patterns
• Discussing uncertainty
• Discussing unconventional therapies
• Breaking bad news
• The context of the doctor–patient interaction
• Culture and the health care system
• Interactions with specific populations
• Ethnicity
• Language barriers
• People with disabilities
• Some reflections on doctor–patient interaction research
• A shift to patient-centredness
• The Internet and health communication
• Where to go from here? Agendas for research examining interactions with health professionals
• Some implications of doctor–patient relationship research
• The patient as consumer
• The medicalisation critique
• Technological reductionism
• The working lives of health professionals
• Conclusion
• RECOMMENDED READING
• 8 Treatingillness
• Sectors of health care and contemporary practice
• Modes of treatment
• Self-treatment
• Treatment by health professionals
• Treatment in hospital
• Self-care in the treatment of chronic illness
• Non-conventional treatment
• Issues in treatment
• Compliance, adherence or concordance?
• The problematic placebo
• Who gets treatment?
• The changing face of treatment
• Conclusion
• RECOMMENDED READING
• 9 Being ill
• Illness as morbidity: the scope of illness
• Illness as crisis: adjusting to illness
• Coping with illness
• Using social support
• Finding meaning
• Finding benefit
• Reflections on adjusting to illness
• Illness overcome: recovering and surviving illness
• Maintaining quality in life
• Getting back to normal
• Reflections on surviving illness
• Illness as story: telling about illness
• Illness in context: illness and the ‘other’
• Conclusion
• RECOMMENDED READING
• 10 Dying
• Mortality
• What causes death?
• The changing context of dying
• Living with dying
• The ways we die: classifying deaths
• The ways we die: the process of dying
• Is there such a thing as a good death?
• Fearing death
• Adjusting to dying
• Caring for and about the dying
• Being bereaved
• Life after death
• Death and the health professional
• Technology as care?
• Conclusions
• RECOMMENDED READING
• 11 Relocating the field: critical health psychology
• Locating individuals within their lived social worlds
• Health in a global context
• A critical health psychology
• Ways forward: opportunities and possibilities
• Moving forward with theory
• Moving forward with method
• Moving forward with practice
• Concluding comments
• RECOMMENDED READING
• Glossary
• References
• Author index
• Subject index