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• Cover Page
• Title Page
• Copyright Page
• Brief Contents
• Contents
• Features
• Preface
• Reviewers
• A Note of Thanks
• Chapter 1 The Definition of Health
• Models of Health
• The Medical Model of Health
• The Wellness Model of Health
• Dimensions of Health and Wellness
• Measuring Health
• Lifestyle Diseases
• Type 2 Diabetes as a Lifestyle Disease
• Nearsightedness
• The U.S. Medical Care System
• Healthy People 2020
• Health Issues of College Students
• Making Healthy Lifestyle Changes
• The Health Belief Model
• The Transtheoretical Model
• The Theory of Reasoned Action/Theory of Planned Behavior
• A Healthy Lifestyle Starts with You
• Chapter 2 Mind–Body Communications Maintain Wellness
• Mechanisms of Mind–Body Communication
• The Autonomic Nervous System
• Hormones
• The Immune System
• The Mind Can Create Illness or Wellness
• The Mind Can Create Illness
• The Mind Can Create Wellness
• Mind–Body Healing
• Placebo Effect
• The Nocebo Effect
• Methods to Promote Mind–Body Harmony and Health
• Autogenic Training
• Biofeedback
• Hypnosis and Healing
• Understanding Hypnosis May Help You
• Meditation
• The Relaxation Response
• Suggestion
• Virtual Reality Therapies
• Taking Time Out to Quiet the Mind
• Chapter 3 Managing Stress: Restoring Mind–Body Harmony
• How Stress Occurs
• The Environmental Component of Stress
• The Mental Component of Stress
• The Emotional Component of Stress
• Factors Affecting the Experience of Stress
• The Physiological Component of Stress
• How Stress Contributes to Illness
• The General Adaptation Syndrome
• Stress Weakens Immunity
• Unhealthy Behaviors
• Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
• Managing Stress
• College Student Stress
• Overload
• Time Management
• Test Anxiety
• What You Can Do About Stress
• Chapter 4 Mental Health
• Basic Needs and Mental Health
• Thoughts, Emotions, and Mental Health
• Positive Thoughts and Emotions Contribute to Health
• Compassion
• Gratitude
• Forgiveness
• Developing Coping Strategies
• Defense Mechanisms
• Facilitating Coping
• Anger
• Social Support Contributes to Health
• Fears, Phobias, and Anxiety
• Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
• Depression
• Suicide
• Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
• Autism Spectrum Disorders
• Sleep and Dreams
• College Students and Sleep
• Getting a Good Night’s Sleep
• Sleep Problems
• Insomnia
• Parasomnias
• Understanding Your Dreams
• Chapter 5 Choosing a Healthy Diet
• Dietary Guidelines for Eating Right
• Food Labels: Know What You’re Putting into Your Body
• The Three Functions of Food
• Providing Chemical Constituents
• Energy for Life
• Pleasures of Eating
• The Seven Components of Food
• Proteins
• Carbohydrates
• Simple Sugars
• Complex Carbohydrates
• Lipids (Fats)
• Vitamins
• Minerals
• Salt
• Phytochemicals
• Water
• Dietary Supplements
• Food Additives
• Preservatives
• Dyes and Colorings
• Artificial Sweeteners
• Functional Foods
• Food Safety
• Genetically Modified Foods
• Fast Food
• Vegetarian Diets
• How Food Affects the Brain
• Chapter 6 Managing a Healthy Weight
• What Is Healthy Weight?
• The Regulation of Body Fat
• Calorie-Restriction Diets Rarely Work
• Popular Weight-Loss Programs
• Sensible Weight Management
• Assisted Management of Overweight
• Counseling and Hypnosis
• Medications
• Weight-Reduction (Bariatric) Surgery
• Liposuction
• Weight-Control Fads and Fallacies
• Body Wraps
• Chemicals and Supplements
• Body Image
• Eating Disorders
• Anorexia Nervosa
• Bulimia
• Binge Eating Disorder
• It’s in Your Hands
• Chapter 7 Movement and Physical Activity for Health
• The Definition of Physical Activity
• Physical Activity for Health
• Psychological Benefits of Physical Activity and Movement
• Components of Physical Activity
• Motivation
• Cardiorespiratory Fitness
• Body Strength
• Endurance
• Flexibility
• Body Composition
• Physical Activity Among College Students
• Integrating Physical Activity in Your Life
• Performance-Enhancing Substances
• Stimulants
• Muscle Enlargers
• Endurance Enhancers
• Sports Injuries
• Physical Activity in Cold and Hot Weather
• Cold Stress
• Heat Stress
• Chapter 8 Healthy Sexuality and Intimate Relationships
• Sexuality: The Physical Dimension
• Female Sexual Anatomy
• The Fertility or Menstrual Cycle
• Menopause
• Male Sexual Anatomy
• Sexuality: The Psychological Dimension
• Gender
• Sexuality: The Orientation Dimension
• Sexuality: The Behavioral Dimension
• Sexual Arousal and Response
• Orgasm
• Masturbation
• Sexual Abstinence
• Sexual Difficulties
• Sexuality: The Relationship Dimension
• The Life Cycle of Intimate Relationships
• Developing Intimacy
• Establishing Commitment
• Endings
• Communicating in Intimate Relationships
• Sending Clear Messages
• Effective Listening
• Expressing Anger Constructively
• Chapter 9 Understanding Pregnancy and Parenthood
• Choosing Whether to Be a Parent
• Becoming Pregnant
• Pregnancy
• Fetal Development
• Sexual Interaction During Pregnancy
• Health Habits During Pregnancy
• Nutrition
• Physical Activity and Exercise
• Emotional Well-Being
• Prenatal Care
• Risks to Fetal Development
• Drugs
• Alcohol
• Cigarette Smoking
• How Birth Defects Are Detected
• Amniocentesis
• Chorionic Villus Sampling
• Childbirth
• Childbirth Preparation
• Giving Birth
• Medical Interventions
• Options for Controlling Discomfort
• Induction of Labor
• Episiotomy
• Cesarean Birth
• The Postpartum Transition
• Breastfeeding
• Infertility
• Enhancing Fertility Options
• Adoption
• Chapter 10 Fertility Control
• Choosing Fertility Control
• Withdrawal
• Douching
• Hormonal Contraceptives
• Combined Hormonal Contraceptives
• Progestin-Only Contraceptives
• The Intrauterine Device
• Barrier Methods
• The Diaphragm
• The Cervical Cap
• The Contraceptive Sponge
• Vaginal Spermicides
• Male Condoms
• Female Condoms
• Fertility Awareness Methods
• Calendar Rhythm
• The Temperature Method
• The Mucus Method
• Chemical Methods
• Sterilization
• Male Sterilization
• Female Sterilization
• Responsibility for Fertility Control
• Talking About Fertility Control
• Why People Do Not Use Fertility Control
• Emergency Contraception
• Abortion
• Psychological Aftereffects of Abortion
• The Legal and Moral Aspects of Abortion
• Chapter 11 Protecting Against Sexually Transmitted Diseases and AIDS
• What Is an STD?
• STD Risk Factors
• Multiple Sexual Partners
• False Sense of Safety
• Absence of Signs and Symptoms
• Untreated Conditions
• Impaired Judgment
• Lack of Immunity
• Body Piercing
• Value Judgments
• Denial
• Common STDs
• Trichomoniasis
• Bacterial Vaginosis
• Chlamydia
• Gonorrhea
• Syphilis
• Genital Herpes
• Human Papillomavirus and Anogenital Warts
• Hepatitis B
• Molluscum Contagiosum
• Pubic Lice
• Scabies
• Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
• Reducing the STD Epidemic in the United States
• Preventing STDs
• Practicing Safer Sex
• STD Communication Skills
• Chapter 12 Reducing Infections and Building Immunity: Knowledge Encourages Prevention
• The Human Microbiome
• Fecal Microbiota Transplantation
• A Healthy Microbiome
• Agents of Infectious Disease
• Fighting Infectious Diseases
• Understanding Antibiotics
• Antibiotic Resistance
• How the Body Protects Itself
• Common Infectious Diseases
• Colds
• Influenza
• The 2009 Influenza Pandemic
• Avian Influenza
• Lyme Disease
• Mononucleosis
• Ulcers
• Hepatitis
• Emerging Infectious Diseases
• The Immune System Battles Infections
• The Lymphatic System
• Immunizations
• New Vaccines
• Vaccination Risks
• Understanding Allergies
• Contact Dermatitis
• Asthma
• Food Allergies
• Recognition of “Self”
• Autoimmune Diseases
• Organ Transplants
• Blood Transfusions: ABO and Rh Factors
• AIDS and HIV
• The HIV Antibody Test
• Preventing HIV Infection
• Preventing Infections
• Chapter 13 Cancer: Understanding Risks and Means of Prevention
• Understanding Cancer
• Incidence of Various Cancers
• What Is Cancer?
• Causes of Cancer
• Most Cancers Are Not Inherited
• Cancer Susceptibility Genes
• Environmental Factors That Cause Cancer
• Ionizing Radiation
• Infectious Microorganisms
• Chemical Carcinogens
• Do Xenoestrogens Cause Cancer?
• Facts About Common Cancers
• Lung Cancer
• Breast Cancer
• Testicular Cancer
• Prostate Cancer
• Skin Cancer
• Most Skin Cancers Are Preventable
• Colorectal Cancer
• Diet and Cancer Risk
• Cancer Treatments
• Cancer Immunotherapies
• Curing Childhood Cancers
• Cancer Vaccines
• Coping with Cancer
• Chapter 14 Cardiovascular Diseases: Understanding Risks and Measures of Prevention
• Cardiovascular Diseases
• The Heart and Blood Vessels
• The Heart Beat
• Regulating Blood Flow
• Heart Failure
• Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
• Atherosclerosis
• Coronary Heart Disease and Heart Attack
• Repairing Blocked Coronary Arteries
• Stroke
• High Blood Pressure (Hypertension)
• The Metabolic Syndrome
• Lifestyle Factors and Cardiovascular Disease
• Tobacco Smoking
• Physical Activity
• Diet
• Soy Products
• Fish Oils
• Salt (Sodium)
• Trans Fats
• Aspirin
• Alcohol
• Psychosocial Factors
• Coffee, Tea, and Cocoa
• Preventing Cardiovascular Disease
• Chapter 15 Heredity and Disease
• Chromosomal Abnormalities
• Hereditary Diseases
• Congenital Defects
• Thalidomide
• Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
• Preventing Hereditary Diseases
• Genetic Counseling
• Genetic Testing
• Prenatal Testing
• Genetic Discrimination
• Treating Hereditary Diseases
• Gene Therapy
• Embryonic Stem Cells
• Genome Editing
• Chapter 16 Using Drugs and Medications Responsibly
• What Is a Drug?
• Drug Laws
• How Drugs Work
• Pharmacogenetics
• Unintended Harmful Effects of Drugs and Medicines
• Effectiveness of Drugs
• The Medicating of Americans
• Drug Company Advertising
• The FDA and You
• Drug Misuse, Abuse, and Addiction
• Addiction
• Physical Dependence
• Tolerance
• Withdrawal
• Psychological Dependence
• Stimulants
• Cocaine
• Amphetamines
• Caffeine
• Club Drugs
• Ecstasy
• GHB
• Ketamine
• Rohypnol
• Depressants
• Sedative and Hypnotic Drugs
• Opiates
• Marijuana
• Hallucinogens
• Phencyclidine (PCP)
• Inhalants
• Anabolic Steroids
• Reducing Drug Use
• Chapter 17 Eliminating Tobacco Use
• Tobacco Use in the United States
• What Is Tobacco?
• Physiological Effects of Tobacco
• Nicotine Delivery Systems
• Cigars
• Hookahs
• Bidis and Kreteks
• E-Cigarettes
• Smokeless Tobacco
• Smoking and Disease
• Lung Cancer
• Heart Disease
• Bronchitis and Emphysema
• Tobacco Smoke’s Effects on Nonsmokers
• Effects of Parental Smoking on Children
• Why People Smoke
• Quitting Smoking
• Reducing Tobacco’s Damage to Society
• Chapter 18 Using Alcohol Responsibly
• Drinking on Campus
• How Alcohol Affects the Body
• Composition of Alcoholic Beverages
• How Alcohol Is Absorbed, Excreted, and Metabolized
• The Hangover
• The Effects of Alcohol on Behavior
• Sexual Behavior
• Other Effects of Alcohol
• Long-Term Effects
• Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
• Health Benefits of Alcohol
• Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD)
• The Stages of Alcoholism
• Alcohol Use Disorder and the Family
• Children of Alcoholics
• Treatment Options for AUD
• Responsible Drinking
• Chapter 19 Making Decisions About Health Care
• Being a Wise Healthcare Consumer
• Choosing a Healthcare Provider
• Healthcare Providers
• Physician Assistants
• Nurses
• Emergency Medical Technicians
• Physical and Occupational Therapists
• Sports Medicine
• Seeing the Doctor
• Hospitals
• Hospital Emergency Room (ER)
• Health Insurance
• Types of Private Health Insurance
• Fee-for-Service Plans
• Health Maintenance Organizations
• Preferred Provider Organizations
• Point-of-Service Plans
• Public, Government-Provided Health Insurance
• Healthcare Costs
• Why Healthcare Costs Continue to Rise
• Medical Tourism
• Healthcare Costs in Other Countries
• Healthcare Disparities
• Organ Transplants
• Medicalization of Human Behaviors and Traits
• Precision Medicine
• Cosmetic Surgery
• Chapter 20 Exploring Alternative Medicines
• Defining Alternative Medicine
• Alternative Medicines
• Ayurveda
• Homeopathy
• Chiropractic
• Osteopathy
• Acupuncture
• Herbal Medicine
• Naturopathy
• Therapeutic Massage
• Aromatherapy
• Biomagnetic Therapy
• Quackery
• Choosing an Alternative Medicine
• Chapter 21 Accidents and Injuries
• Unintentional Injuries and Accidents
• Reducing Your Risk of Accidents
• Analysis of Unintentional Injury
• Motor Vehicle Safety
• Seat Belts
• Motorcycle Safety
• All-Terrain Vehicles
• Powered Two-Wheelers
• Pedestrian Safety
• Bicycle Safety
• Home and Community Safety
• Falls
• Poisonings
• Drowning
• Choking and Suffocation
• Fires
• Firearms
• Work Safety
• Sports and Recreational Injuries
• Traumatic Brain Injury and Concussion
• Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE)
• Taking Risks and Preventing Accidents
• Chapter 22 Understanding Aging and Dying
• America’s Aging Population
• How Long Can Human Beings Live?
• Theories of Aging
• Biological Clocks Regulate Aging
• Environmental Factors Affect Aging
• Alzheimer’s Disease and Senile Dementia
• Parkinson’s Disease
• Cognitive Impairment and the Right to Vote
• Osteoporosis
• Age-Related Vision Loss
• Age-Related Hearing Loss
• Stress, Telomeres, and Aging
• Thinking About Aging
• End-of-Life Decisions
• Stages of Dying
• Advance Directives
• Medical Aid in Dying
• Palliative Care
• The Hospice
• Healthy Aging Depends on a Healthy Lifestyle
• Chapter 23 Violence in Our Society
• Intimate Partner Violence
• Causes of Domestic Violence
• Maltreatment of Children
• Social Aspects of Child Maltreatment
• Child Maltreatment Prevention
• Sexual Violence
• Rape and Sexual Assault
• Acquaintance Rape
• Consequences of Acquaintance Rape
• Consequences of Sexual Assault
• Sexual Violence at American Colleges and Universities
• What to Do After a Sexual Assault
• Elder Abuse
• Firearm Violence
• Hate Crimes
• Bullying
• Violence in America
• Chapter 24 Working Toward a Healthy Environment
• Outdoor Air Pollution
• Smog
• Improving Air Quality
• Carbon Dioxide, Global Warming, and Climate Change
• Reducing Your Carbon Footprint
• The Ozone Layer
• Evaluating the Risks of Air Pollution
• Indoor Air Pollution
• Radon
• Heavy Metal Pollution
• Water Pollution
• Drinking Water
• Land Pollution
• Pesticides
• Endocrine Disruptors
• Toxic Plastics
• Monitoring Environmental Chemicals
• Electromagnetic and Microwave Radiation
• Cellular Phones
• Noise Pollution
• How Human Population Growth Affects Us
• Appendix A: Health Enhancement Methods
• Appendix B: Calendar of Events and Health Organizations
• Glossary
• Student Workbook
• Index