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• Cover
• Series page
• Title page
• Copyright
• Brief Contents
• How to Use This Book
• Introduction
• The Concept of “Theology“: A Brief Introduction
• The Architecture of Theology
• Biblical Studies
• Systematic Theology
• Philosophical Theology
• Pastoral Theology
• Church History
• Historical Theology: Its Purpose and Place
• The Development of Historical Theology
• Historical Theology as a Pedagogic Tool
• Historical Theology as a Critical Tool
• Historical Theology as a Resource for Systematic Theology
• 1 Early Christian Theology: The Patristic Period, c.100–451
• A Clarification of Terms
• The Patristic Period
• Patristics
• Patrology
• Difficulties in Approaching Early Christian Theology
• The Historical Background to Early Christian Theology
• The Historical Importance of the City of Rome
• The Problem of Persecution
• The Conversion of Constantine
• The Development of Public Theological Debate
• Centers of Early Christian Theological Reflection
• Key Theologians
• Justin Martyr (c.100–c.165)
• Irenaeus of Lyons (c.130–c.200)
• Origen (c.185–c.254)
• Tertullian (c.160–c.225)
• Athanasius (c.296–c.373)
• Augustine of Hippo (354–430)
• Key Theological Developments
• The Relation of Christian Faith and Classical Culture
• The Extent of the New Testament Canon
• The Role of Tradition
• The Fixing of the Ecumenical Creeds
• The Two Natures of Jesus Christ
• The Doctrine of the Trinity
• The Doctrine of the Church
• The Doctrine of Grace
• Key Names, Words, and Phrases
• Case Studies
• 1.1 The Bible and Tradition
• 1.2 The Arian Controversy: The Divinity of Christ
• 1.3 The Alexandrian Christological School: The Apollinarian Controversy
• 1.4 The Antiochene Christological School: The Nestorian Controversy
• 1.5 The Trinity: Early Developments and Controversies
• 1.6 The Church: The Donatist Controversy
• 1.7 Grace: The Pelagian Controversy
• 1.8 Faith and Philosophy
• 2 The Middle Ages and the Renaissance, c.500–1500
• On Defining the “Middle Ages”
• Medieval Theological Landmarks in Western Europe
• The Carolingian Renaissance
• The Rise of Cathedral and Monastic Schools of Theology
• The Religious Orders and Their “Schools of Theology”
• The Founding of the Universities
• Peter Lombard’s Four Books of the Sentences
• The Rise of Scholasticism
• The Italian Renaissance
• The Rise of Humanism
• Medieval Theological Landmarks in Eastern Europe
• The Emergence of Byzantine Theology
• The Iconoclastic and Hesychastic Controversies
• The Fall of Constantinople (1453)
• Key Theologians
• John of Damascus
• Simeon the New Theologian
• Anselm of Canterbury
• Thomas Aquinas
• Duns Scotus
• William of Ockham
• Erasmus of Rotterdam
• Key Theological Developments
• The Consolidation of the Early Christian Theological Heritage
• The Exploration of the Role of Reason in Theology
• The Development of Theological Systems
• The Development of Sacramental Theology
• The Development of the Theology of Grace
• The Role of Mary in the Scheme of Salvation
• Returning Directly to the Sources of Christian Theology
• The Critique of the Vulgate Translation of Scripture
• Key Names, Words, and Phrases
• Case Studies
• 2.1 Arguments for the Existence of God
• 2.2 Understandings of the Atonement
• 2.3 The Theology of the Sacraments
• 2.4 The Interpretation of the Bible
• 2.5 Renaissance Humanism and the Bible
• 2.6 Augustinianism and Pelagianism in Late Medieval Theology
• 3 The Reformation and Post-Reformation Periods, 1500–1750
• Reformation – or Reformations?
• A Clarification of Terms
• The German Reformation – Lutheranism
• The Swiss Reformation – The Reformed Church
• The Radical Reformation – Anabaptism
• The English Reformation – Anglicanism
• The Catholic Reformation
• The “Second Reformation”: Protestant Orthodoxy
• Post-Reformation Movements
• The Consolidation of Catholicism
• Puritanism
• Pietism
• Key Theologians
• Martin Luther
• Huldrych Zwingli
• John Calvin
• Teresa of Avilà
• Theodore Beza
• Johann Gerhard
• Roberto Bellarmine
• Jonathan Edwards
• Key Theological Developments
• The Sources of Theology
• The Doctrine of Grace
• The Doctrine of the Sacraments
• The Doctrine of the Church
• Developments in Theological Literature
• Catechisms
• Confessions of Faith
• Works of Systematic Theology
• Key Names, Words, and Phrases
• Case Studies
• 3.1 Bible and Tradition in the Reformation Debates
• 3.2 Justification by Faith: Protestantism and the Council of Trent
• 3.3 The Nature of the Real Presence: Luther, Zwingli, and the Council of Trent
• 3.4 The Debate over Infant Baptism
• 3.5 The Doctrine of the Church: Trends Within Protestantism
• 3.6 Theology and Astronomy: Copernicus, Kepler, and Galileo
• 4 The Modern Period, 1750 – The Present Day
• A Cultural Watershed: The Enlightenment
• The Enlightenment Critique of Traditional Theology
• The Notion of Revelation
• The Status and Interpretation of the Bible
• The Identity and Significance of Jesus Christ
• The Doctrine of the Trinity
• The Critique of Miracles
• The Rejection of Original Sin
• The Problem of Evil
• Romanticism and the Critique of the Enlightenment
• The Crisis of Faith in Victorian England
• The Crisis of the First World War
• Postmodernism and a New Theological Agenda
• Key Theologians
• F. D. E. Schleiermacher
• John Henry Newman
• Karl Barth
• Paul Tillich
• Karl Rahner
• Hans Urs von Balthasar
• Jürgen Moltmann
• Wolfhart Pannenberg
• Some Recent Western Theological Movements and Trends
• Liberal Protestantism
• Modernism
• Neo-Orthodoxy
• Ressourcement or la Nouvelle Théologie
• Feminism
• Liberation Theology
• Black Theology
• Postliberalism
• Radical Orthodoxy
• Key Names, Words, and Phrases
• Case Studies
• 4.1 The Quests of the Historical Jesus
• 4.2 The Basis and Nature of Salvation
• 4.3 The Debate over the Resurrection
• 4.4 The Trinity in Twentieth-Century Thought
• 4.5 Twentieth-Century Discussions of the Doctrine of the Church
• 4.6 Natural Theology and the Rationality of Faith
• 4.7 The Feminist Critique of Traditional Christian Theology
• 4.8 Christian Approaches to Other Religions
• 4.9 Postcolonial Theology: Indigenous African Christologies
• 4.10 Suffering: Theodicy in a Darwinian World
• Where Next?
• A Glossary of Theological Terms
• Sources of Citations
• Suggestions for Further Reading
• Index
• End User License Agreement